Merge prusa 2.6.1

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ endif()
 option(SLIC3R_STATIC 			"Compile QIDISlicer with static libraries (Boost, TBB, glew)" ${SLIC3R_STATIC_INITIAL})
 option(SLIC3R_GUI    			"Compile QIDISlicer with GUI components (OpenGL, wxWidgets)" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_FHS               "Assume QIDISlicer is to be installed in a FHS directory structure" 0)
-option(SLIC3R_WX_STABLE         "Build against wxWidgets stable (3.0) as oppsed to dev (3.1) on Linux" 0)
 option(SLIC3R_PCH               "Use precompiled headers" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_MSVC_COMPILE_PARALLEL "Compile on Visual Studio in parallel" 1)
 option(SLIC3R_MSVC_PDB          "Generate PDB files on MSVC in Release mode" 1)
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@ if (APPLE)
     endif ()
 endif ()
 
-# Proposal for C++ unit tests and sandboxes
 option(SLIC3R_BUILD_SANDBOXES   "Build development sandboxes" OFF)
 option(SLIC3R_BUILD_TESTS       "Build unit tests" ON)
 

resources/icons/snap.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg id="a" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
+  <path fill="none" stroke="#808080" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="m1.5,11.5V3.5c0-1.104569435119629.895430564880371-2,2-2h9c1.104569435119629,0,2,.895430564880371,2,2v8" />
+  <line x1="1.5" y1="14.5" x2="14.5" y2="14.5" style="fill:none; stroke:#ed6b21; stroke-linecap:round; stroke-miterlimit:10;"/>
+  <path d="m7,15h-3V5.237499999999272c0-.683452377914364.447715250171314-1.237499999999272,1-1.237499999999272h2v11Z" style="fill:#ed6b21; stroke-width:0px;"/>
+  <path d="m9,15h3V5.237499999999272c0-.683452377914364-.447715250171314-1.237499999999272-1-1.237499999999272h-2v11Z" style="fill:#ed6b21; stroke-width:0px;"/>
+</svg>

resources/profiles/QIDITechnology.ini

@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ compatible_printers_condition =
 compatible_prints = 
 compatible_prints_condition = 
 cooling = 1
-disable_fan_first_layers = 3
+disable_fan_first_layers = 1
 enable_advance_pressure = 1
 enable_auxiliary_fan = 100
 enable_dynamic_fan_speeds = 0
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ filament_wipe = nil
 first_layer_bed_temperature = 55
 first_layer_temperature = 210
 first_layer_volume_temperature = 0
-full_fan_speed_layer = 5
+full_fan_speed_layer = 0
 idle_temperature = 100
 inherits = 
 max_fan_speed = 100

sandboxes/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #add_subdirectory(slasupporttree)
 #add_subdirectory(openvdb)
 # add_subdirectory(meshboolean)
-add_subdirectory(its_neighbor_index)
+#add_subdirectory(its_neighbor_index)
 # add_subdirectory(opencsg)
 #add_subdirectory(aabb-evaluation)
-add_subdirectory(wx_gl_test)
+#add_subdirectory(wx_gl_test)
+add_subdirectory(print_arrange_polys)

sandboxes/print_arrange_polys/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+add_executable(print_arrange_polys main.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(print_arrange_polys libslic3r admesh)
+
+if (WIN32)
+    qidislicer_copy_dlls(print_arrange_polys)
+endif()

sandboxes/print_arrange_polys/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include <libslic3r/TriangleMesh.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
+
+void print_arrange_polygons(const std::string &dirpath, std::ostream &out)
+{
+    using namespace Slic3r;
+
+    boost::filesystem::path p = dirpath;
+
+    if (!boost::filesystem::exists(p) || !boost::filesystem::is_directory(p))
+        return;
+
+    for (const auto& entry : boost::filesystem::directory_iterator(p)) {
+        if (!boost::filesystem::is_regular_file(entry)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        TriangleMesh mesh;
+        mesh.ReadSTLFile(entry.path().c_str());
+        ExPolygons outline = mesh.horizontal_projection();
+
+        out << "// " << entry.path().filename() << ": " << std::endl;
+        for (const ExPolygon &expoly : outline) {
+            out << "MyPoly{\n";  // Start of polygon
+
+            out << "\t{\n";  // Start of contour
+            for (const auto& point : expoly.contour.points) {
+                out << "        {" << point.x() << ", " << point.y() << "},\n";  // Print point coordinates
+            }
+            out << "    },\n";  // End of contour
+
+            out << "    {\n"; // start of holes
+            for (const auto& hole : expoly.holes) {
+                out << "        {\n";  // Start of hole
+                for (const auto& point : hole.points) {
+                    out << "            {" << point.x() << ", " << point.y() << "},\n";  // Print point coordinates
+                }
+                out << "        },\n";  // End of hole Polygon
+            }
+            out << "    }\n"; // end of holes Polygons
+            out << "},\n";  // End of ExPolygon
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void print_arrange_items(const std::string &dirpath, std::ostream &out)
+{
+    using namespace Slic3r;
+
+    boost::filesystem::path p = dirpath;
+
+    if (!boost::filesystem::exists(p) || !boost::filesystem::is_directory(p))
+        return;
+
+    for (const auto& entry : boost::filesystem::directory_iterator(p)) {
+        if (!boost::filesystem::is_regular_file(entry)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        TriangleMesh mesh;
+        mesh.ReadSTLFile(entry.path().c_str());
+        ExPolygons outline = mesh.horizontal_projection();
+
+        out << "ExPolygons{ " << "// " << entry.path().filename() << ":\n";
+        for (const ExPolygon &expoly : outline) {
+            out << "    MyPoly{\n";  // Start of polygon
+
+            out << "        {\n";  // Start of contour
+            for (const auto& point : expoly.contour.points) {
+                out << "            {" << point.x() << ", " << point.y() << "},\n";  // Print point coordinates
+            }
+            out << "        },\n";  // End of contour
+
+            out << "        {\n"; // start of holes
+            for (const auto& hole : expoly.holes) {
+                out << "            {\n";  // Start of hole
+                for (const auto& point : hole.points) {
+                    out << "                {" << point.x() << ", " << point.y() << "},\n";  // Print point coordinates
+                }
+                out << "            },\n";  // End of hole Polygon
+            }
+            out << "        }\n"; // end of holes Polygons
+            out << "    },\n";  // End of ExPolygon
+        }
+        out << "},\n";
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+{
+    if (argc <= 1)
+        return -1;
+
+    std::string dirpath = argv[1];
+
+    print_arrange_items(dirpath, std::cout);
+
+    return 0;
+}

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -49,21 +49,12 @@ if (SLIC3R_GUI)
 
     if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
         set (wxWidgets_CONFIG_OPTIONS "--toolkit=gtk${SLIC3R_GTK}")
-        if (SLIC3R_WX_STABLE)
-            find_package(wxWidgets 3.0 REQUIRED COMPONENTS base core adv html gl aui net webview)
-        else ()
-            find_package(wxWidgets 3.1 REQUIRED COMPONENTS base core adv html gl aui net webview)
-
-            if (NOT wxWidgets_FOUND)
-                message(FATAL_ERROR "\nCould not find wxWidgets 3.1.\n"
-                    "Hint: On Linux you can set -DSLIC3R_WX_STABLE=1 to use wxWidgets 3.0\n")
-            endif ()
-        endif ()
-
-        include(${wxWidgets_USE_FILE})
-    else ()
-        find_package(wxWidgets 3.2 REQUIRED COMPONENTS html adv gl core base webview aui net)
     endif ()
+    find_package(wxWidgets 3.2 MODULE REQUIRED COMPONENTS base core adv html gl aui net webview)
+
+    include(${wxWidgets_USE_FILE})
+
+    slic3r_remap_configs(wx::wxhtml wx::wxadv wx::wxgl wx::wxcore wx::wxbase RelWithDebInfo Release)
 
     if(UNIX)
         message(STATUS "wx-config path: ${wxWidgets_CONFIG_EXECUTABLE}")

src/QIDISlicer.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include "libslic3r/Geometry.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/GCode/PostProcessor.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Model.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/CutUtils.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/ModelArrange.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Platform.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/Print.hpp"
@@ -313,10 +314,10 @@ int CLI::run(int argc, char **argv)
     
     // Loop through transform options.
     bool user_center_specified = false;
-    Points bed = get_bed_shape(m_print_config);
-    ArrangeParams arrange_cfg;
-    arrange_cfg.min_obj_distance = scaled(min_object_distance(m_print_config));
-    
+    arr2::ArrangeBed bed = arr2::to_arrange_bed(get_bed_shape(m_print_config));
+    arr2::ArrangeSettings arrange_cfg;
+    arrange_cfg.set_distance_from_objects(min_object_distance(m_print_config));
+
     for (auto const &opt_key : m_transforms) {
         if (opt_key == "merge") {
             Model m;
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ int CLI::run(int argc, char **argv)
                 if (this->has_print_action())
                     arrange_objects(m, bed, arrange_cfg);
                 else
-                    arrange_objects(m, InfiniteBed{}, arrange_cfg);
+                    arrange_objects(m, arr2::InfiniteBed{}, arrange_cfg);
             }
             m_models.clear();
             m_models.emplace_back(std::move(m));
@@ -437,8 +438,11 @@ int CLI::run(int argc, char **argv)
                     }
 #else
 //                    model.objects.front()->cut(0, m_config.opt_float("cut"), ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower | ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper | ModelObjectCutAttribute::FlipLower);
-                    model.objects.front()->cut(0, Geometry::translation_transform(m_config.opt_float("cut") * Vec3d::UnitZ()),
+                    Cut cut(model.objects.front(), 0, Geometry::translation_transform(m_config.opt_float("cut") * Vec3d::UnitZ()),
                                                ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower | ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper | ModelObjectCutAttribute::PlaceOnCutUpper);
+                    auto cut_objects = cut.perform_with_plane();
+                    for (ModelObject* obj : cut_objects)
+                        model.add_object(*obj);
 #endif
                     model.delete_object(size_t(0));
                 }
@@ -572,7 +576,7 @@ int CLI::run(int argc, char **argv)
                 if (! m_config.opt_bool("dont_arrange")) {
                     if (user_center_specified) {
                         Vec2d c = m_config.option<ConfigOptionPoint>("center")->value;
-                        arrange_objects(model, InfiniteBed{scaled(c)}, arrange_cfg);
+                        arrange_objects(model, arr2::InfiniteBed{scaled(c)}, arrange_cfg);
                     } else
                         arrange_objects(model, bed, arrange_cfg);
                 }

src/admesh/stl.h

@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ struct indexed_triangle_set
     std::vector<stl_vertex>       				vertices;
 
     bool empty() const { return indices.empty() || vertices.empty(); }
+    bool operator==(const indexed_triangle_set& other) const { return this->indices == other.indices && this->vertices == other.vertices; }
 };
 
 extern bool stl_open(stl_file *stl, const char *file);

src/clipper/clipper.cpp

@@ -86,7 +86,13 @@ inline IntPoint IntPoint2d(cInt x, cInt y)
 
 inline cInt Round(double val)
 {
-  return static_cast<cInt>((val < 0) ? (val - 0.5) : (val + 0.5));
+    double v = val < 0 ? val - 0.5 : val + 0.5;
+#if defined(CLIPPERLIB_INT32) && ! defined(NDEBUG)
+    static constexpr const double hi = 65536 * 16383;
+    if (v > hi || -v > hi)
+        throw clipperException("Coordinate outside allowed range");
+#endif
+    return static_cast<cInt>(v);
 }
 
 // Overriding the Eigen operators because we don't want to compare Z coordinate if IntPoint is 3 dimensional.

src/imgui/imconfig.h

@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ namespace ImGui
 //    const wchar_t MmuSegmentationMarker    = 0x1F;
     const wchar_t PlugMarker               = 0x1C;
     const wchar_t DowelMarker              = 0x1D;
+    const wchar_t SnapMarker               = 0x1E;
     // Do not forget use following letters only in wstring
     const wchar_t DocumentationButton      = 0x2600;
     const wchar_t DocumentationHoverButton = 0x2601;

src/libnest2d/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@ set(LIBNEST2D_SRCFILES
     include/libnest2d/optimizers/nlopt/simplex.hpp
     include/libnest2d/optimizers/nlopt/subplex.hpp
     include/libnest2d/optimizers/nlopt/genetic.hpp
-    src/libnest2d.cpp
     )
 
-add_library(libnest2d STATIC ${LIBNEST2D_SRCFILES})
+add_library(libnest2d INTERFACE)
 
-target_include_directories(libnest2d PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/include)
-target_link_libraries(libnest2d PUBLIC NLopt::nlopt TBB::tbb TBB::tbbmalloc Boost::boost libslic3r)
-target_compile_definitions(libnest2d PUBLIC LIBNEST2D_THREADING_tbb LIBNEST2D_STATIC LIBNEST2D_OPTIMIZER_nlopt LIBNEST2D_GEOMETRIES_libslic3r)
+target_include_directories(libnest2d INTERFACE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/include)
+target_link_libraries(libnest2d INTERFACE NLopt::nlopt TBB::tbb TBB::tbbmalloc Boost::boost libslic3r)
+target_compile_definitions(libnest2d INTERFACE LIBNEST2D_THREADING_tbb LIBNEST2D_STATIC LIBNEST2D_OPTIMIZER_nlopt LIBNEST2D_GEOMETRIES_libslic3r)

src/libnest2d/include/libnest2d/backends/libslic3r/geometries.hpp

@@ -243,6 +243,12 @@ inline void translate(Slic3r::ExPolygon& sh, const Slic3r::Point& offs)
     sh.translate(offs);
 }
 
+template<>
+inline void translate(Slic3r::Polygon& sh, const Slic3r::Point& offs)
+{
+    sh.translate(offs);
+}
+
 #define DISABLE_BOOST_ROTATE
 template<>
 inline void rotate(Slic3r::ExPolygon& sh, const Radians& rads)
@@ -250,6 +256,12 @@ inline void rotate(Slic3r::ExPolygon& sh, const Radians& rads)
     sh.rotate(rads);
 }
 
+template<>
+inline void rotate(Slic3r::Polygon& sh, const Radians& rads)
+{
+    sh.rotate(rads);
+}
+
 } // namespace shapelike
 
 namespace nfp {

src/libslic3r/AnyPtr.hpp

@@ -15,12 +15,19 @@ namespace Slic3r {
 // The stored pointer is not checked for being null when dereferenced.
 //
 // This is a movable only object due to the fact that it can possibly hold
-// a unique_ptr which a non-copy.
+// a unique_ptr which can only be moved.
+//
+// Drawbacks:
+// No custom deleters are supported when storing a unique_ptr, but overloading
+// std::default_delete for a particular type could be a workaround
+//
+// raw array types are problematic, since std::default_delete also does not
+// support them well.
 template<class T>
 class AnyPtr {
-    enum { RawPtr, UPtr, ShPtr, WkPtr };
+    enum { RawPtr, UPtr, ShPtr };
 
-    boost::variant<T*, std::unique_ptr<T>, std::shared_ptr<T>, std::weak_ptr<T>> ptr;
+    boost::variant<T*, std::unique_ptr<T>, std::shared_ptr<T>> ptr;
 
     template<class Self> static T *get_ptr(Self &&s)
     {
@@ -28,91 +35,119 @@ class AnyPtr {
         case RawPtr: return boost::get<T *>(s.ptr);
         case UPtr: return boost::get<std::unique_ptr<T>>(s.ptr).get();
         case ShPtr: return boost::get<std::shared_ptr<T>>(s.ptr).get();
-        case WkPtr: {
-            auto shptr = boost::get<std::weak_ptr<T>>(s.ptr).lock();
-            return shptr.get();
-        }
         }
 
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-public:
-    template<class TT = T, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>>
-    AnyPtr(TT *p = nullptr) : ptr{p}
-    {}
-    template<class TT, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>>
-    AnyPtr(std::unique_ptr<TT> p) : ptr{std::unique_ptr<T>(std::move(p))}
-    {}
-    template<class TT, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>>
-    AnyPtr(std::shared_ptr<TT> p) : ptr{std::shared_ptr<T>(std::move(p))}
-    {}
-    template<class TT, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>>
-    AnyPtr(std::weak_ptr<TT> p) : ptr{std::weak_ptr<T>(std::move(p))}
-    {}
+    template<class TT> friend class AnyPtr;
 
-    ~AnyPtr() = default;
+    template<class TT>
+    using SimilarPtrOnly = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>;
+
+public:
+
+    AnyPtr() noexcept = default;
+
+    AnyPtr(T *p) noexcept: ptr{p} {}
+
+    AnyPtr(std::nullptr_t) noexcept {};
+
+    template<class TT, class = SimilarPtrOnly<TT>>
+    AnyPtr(TT *p) noexcept : ptr{p}
+    {}
+    template<class TT = T, class = SimilarPtrOnly<TT>>
+    AnyPtr(std::unique_ptr<TT> p) noexcept : ptr{std::unique_ptr<T>(std::move(p))}
+    {}
+    template<class TT = T, class = SimilarPtrOnly<TT>>
+    AnyPtr(std::shared_ptr<TT> p) noexcept : ptr{std::shared_ptr<T>(std::move(p))}
+    {}
 
     AnyPtr(AnyPtr &&other) noexcept : ptr{std::move(other.ptr)} {}
+
+    template<class TT, class = SimilarPtrOnly<TT>>
+    AnyPtr(AnyPtr<TT> &&other) noexcept
+    {
+        this->operator=(std::move(other));
+    }
+
     AnyPtr(const AnyPtr &other) = delete;
 
-    AnyPtr &operator=(AnyPtr &&other) noexcept { ptr = std::move(other.ptr); return *this; }
+    AnyPtr &operator=(AnyPtr &&other) noexcept
+    {
+        ptr = std::move(other.ptr);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     AnyPtr &operator=(const AnyPtr &other) = delete;
 
-    template<class TT, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>>
-    AnyPtr &operator=(TT *p) { ptr = p; return *this; }
+    template<class TT, class = SimilarPtrOnly<TT>>
+    AnyPtr& operator=(AnyPtr<TT> &&other) noexcept
+    {
+        switch (other.ptr.which()) {
+        case RawPtr: *this = boost::get<TT *>(other.ptr); break;
+        case UPtr: *this = std::move(boost::get<std::unique_ptr<TT>>(other.ptr)); break;
+        case ShPtr: *this = std::move(boost::get<std::shared_ptr<TT>>(other.ptr)); break;
+        }
 
-    template<class TT, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>>
-    AnyPtr &operator=(std::unique_ptr<TT> p) { ptr = std::move(p); return *this; }
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-    template<class TT, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>>
-    AnyPtr &operator=(std::shared_ptr<TT> p) { ptr = p; return *this; }
+    template<class TT, class = SimilarPtrOnly<TT>>
+    AnyPtr &operator=(TT *p) noexcept
+    {
+        ptr = static_cast<T *>(p);
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-    template<class TT, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<TT*, T*>>>
-    AnyPtr &operator=(std::weak_ptr<TT> p) { ptr = std::move(p); return *this; }
+    template<class TT, class = SimilarPtrOnly<TT>>
+    AnyPtr &operator=(std::unique_ptr<TT> p) noexcept
+    {
+        ptr = std::unique_ptr<T>(std::move(p));
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-    const T &operator*() const { return *get_ptr(*this); }
-    T &operator*() { return *get_ptr(*this); }
+    template<class TT, class = SimilarPtrOnly<TT>>
+    AnyPtr &operator=(std::shared_ptr<TT> p) noexcept
+    {
+        ptr = std::shared_ptr<T>(std::move(p));
+        return *this;
+    }
 
-    T *operator->() { return get_ptr(*this); }
-    const T *operator->() const { return get_ptr(*this); }
+    const T &operator*() const noexcept { return *get_ptr(*this); }
+    T &operator*() noexcept { return *get_ptr(*this); }
 
-    T *get() { return get_ptr(*this); }
-    const T *get() const { return get_ptr(*this); }
+    T *operator->() noexcept { return get_ptr(*this); }
+    const T *operator->() const noexcept { return get_ptr(*this); }
 
-    operator bool() const
+    T *get() noexcept { return get_ptr(*this); }
+    const T *get() const noexcept { return get_ptr(*this); }
+
+    operator bool() const noexcept
     {
         switch (ptr.which()) {
         case RawPtr: return bool(boost::get<T *>(ptr));
         case UPtr: return bool(boost::get<std::unique_ptr<T>>(ptr));
         case ShPtr: return bool(boost::get<std::shared_ptr<T>>(ptr));
-        case WkPtr: {
-            auto shptr = boost::get<std::weak_ptr<T>>(ptr).lock();
-            return bool(shptr);
-        }
         }
 
         return false;
     }
 
-    // If the stored pointer is a shared or weak pointer, returns a reference
+    // If the stored pointer is a shared pointer, returns a reference
     // counted copy. Empty shared pointer is returned otherwise.
-    std::shared_ptr<T> get_shared_cpy() const
+    std::shared_ptr<T> get_shared_cpy() const noexcept
     {
         std::shared_ptr<T> ret;
 
-        switch (ptr.which()) {
-        case ShPtr: ret = boost::get<std::shared_ptr<T>>(ptr); break;
-        case WkPtr: ret = boost::get<std::weak_ptr<T>>(ptr).lock(); break;
-        default:
-            ;
-        }
+        if (ptr.which() == ShPtr)
+            ret = boost::get<std::shared_ptr<T>>(ptr);
 
         return ret;
     }
 
     // If the underlying pointer is unique, convert to shared pointer
-    void convert_unique_to_shared()
+    void convert_unique_to_shared() noexcept
     {
         if (ptr.which() == UPtr)
             ptr = std::shared_ptr<T>{std::move(boost::get<std::unique_ptr<T>>(ptr))};
@@ -125,6 +160,7 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
+
 } // namespace Slic3r
 
 #endif // ANYPTR_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <ClipperUtils.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/geometry/index/rtree.hpp>
+#include <boost/container/small_vector.hpp>
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(__clang__)
 #define BOOST_NO_CXX17_HDR_STRING_VIEW
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ protected:
             auto& index = isBig(item.area()) ? spatindex : smalls_spatindex;
 
             // Query the spatial index for the neighbors
-            std::vector<SpatElement> result;
+            boost::container::small_vector<SpatElement, 100> result;
             result.reserve(index.size());
 
             index.query(query, std::back_inserter(result));

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Arrange.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGE2_HPP
+#define ARRANGE2_HPP
+
+#include "Scene.hpp"
+#include "Items/MutableItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/MinAreaBoundingBox.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+template<class ArrItem> class Arranger
+{
+public:
+    class Ctl : public ArrangeTaskCtl {
+    public:
+        virtual void on_packed(ArrItem &item) {};
+    };
+
+    virtual ~Arranger() = default;
+
+    virtual void arrange(std::vector<ArrItem> &items,
+                         const std::vector<ArrItem> &fixed,
+                         const ExtendedBed &bed,
+                         Ctl &ctl) = 0;
+
+    void arrange(std::vector<ArrItem> &items,
+                 const std::vector<ArrItem> &fixed,
+                 const ExtendedBed &bed,
+                 ArrangeTaskCtl &ctl);
+
+    void arrange(std::vector<ArrItem> &items,
+                 const std::vector<ArrItem> &fixed,
+                 const ExtendedBed &bed,
+                 Ctl &&ctl)
+    {
+        arrange(items, fixed, bed, ctl);
+    }
+
+    void arrange(std::vector<ArrItem> &items,
+                 const std::vector<ArrItem> &fixed,
+                 const ExtendedBed &bed,
+                 ArrangeTaskCtl &&ctl)
+    {
+        arrange(items, fixed, bed, ctl);
+    }
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<Arranger> create(const ArrangeSettingsView &settings);
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem> using ArrangerCtl = typename Arranger<ArrItem>::Ctl;
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+class DefaultArrangerCtl : public Arranger<ArrItem>::Ctl {
+    ArrangeTaskCtl *taskctl = nullptr;
+
+public:
+    DefaultArrangerCtl() = default;
+
+    explicit DefaultArrangerCtl(ArrangeTaskBase::Ctl &ctl) : taskctl{&ctl} {}
+
+    void update_status(int st) override
+    {
+        if (taskctl)
+            taskctl->update_status(st);
+    }
+
+    bool was_canceled() const override
+    {
+        if (taskctl)
+            return taskctl->was_canceled();
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+void Arranger<ArrItem>::arrange(std::vector<ArrItem> &items,
+             const std::vector<ArrItem> &fixed,
+             const ExtendedBed &bed,
+             ArrangeTaskCtl &ctl)
+{
+    arrange(items, fixed, bed, DefaultArrangerCtl<ArrItem>{ctl});
+}
+
+class EmptyItemOutlineError: public std::exception {
+    static constexpr const char *Msg = "No outline can be derived for object";
+
+public:
+    const char* what() const noexcept override { return Msg; }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem> class ArrangeableToItemConverter
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~ArrangeableToItemConverter() = default;
+
+    // May throw EmptyItemOutlineError
+    virtual ArrItem convert(const Arrangeable &arrbl, coord_t offs = 0) const = 0;
+
+    // Returns the extent of simplification that the converter utilizes when
+    // creating arrange items. Zero shall mean no simplification at all.
+    virtual coord_t simplification_tolerance() const { return 0; }
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<ArrangeableToItemConverter> create(
+        ArrangeSettingsView::GeometryHandling geometry_handling,
+        coord_t                               safety_d);
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<ArrangeableToItemConverter> create(
+        const Scene &sc)
+    {
+        return create(sc.settings().get_geometry_handling(),
+                      scaled(sc.settings().get_distance_from_objects()));
+    }
+};
+
+template<class DStore, class = WritableDataStoreOnly<DStore>>
+class AnyWritableDataStore: public AnyWritable
+{
+    DStore &dstore;
+
+public:
+    AnyWritableDataStore(DStore &store): dstore{store} {}
+
+    void write(std::string_view key, std::any d) override
+    {
+        set_data(dstore, std::string{key}, std::move(d));
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+class BasicItemConverter : public ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem>
+{
+    coord_t m_safety_d;
+    coord_t m_simplify_tol;
+
+public:
+    BasicItemConverter(coord_t safety_d = 0, coord_t simpl_tol = 0)
+        : m_safety_d{safety_d}, m_simplify_tol{simpl_tol}
+    {}
+
+    coord_t safety_dist() const noexcept { return m_safety_d; }
+
+    coord_t simplification_tolerance() const override
+    {
+        return m_simplify_tol;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+class ConvexItemConverter : public BasicItemConverter<ArrItem>
+{
+public:
+    using BasicItemConverter<ArrItem>::BasicItemConverter;
+
+    ArrItem convert(const Arrangeable &arrbl, coord_t offs) const override;
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+class AdvancedItemConverter : public BasicItemConverter<ArrItem>
+{
+protected:
+    virtual ArrItem get_arritem(const Arrangeable &arrbl, coord_t eps) const;
+
+public:
+    using BasicItemConverter<ArrItem>::BasicItemConverter;
+
+    ArrItem convert(const Arrangeable &arrbl, coord_t offs) const override;
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+class BalancedItemConverter : public AdvancedItemConverter<ArrItem>
+{
+protected:
+    ArrItem get_arritem(const Arrangeable &arrbl, coord_t offs) const override;
+
+public:
+    using AdvancedItemConverter<ArrItem>::AdvancedItemConverter;
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem, class En = void> struct ImbueableItemTraits_
+{
+    static constexpr const char *Key = "object_id";
+
+    static void imbue_id(ArrItem &itm, const ObjectID &id)
+    {
+        set_arbitrary_data(itm, Key, id);
+    }
+
+    static std::optional<ObjectID> retrieve_id(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        std::optional<ObjectID> ret;
+        auto                    idptr = get_data<const ObjectID>(itm, Key);
+        if (idptr)
+            ret = *idptr;
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+using ImbueableItemTraits = ImbueableItemTraits_<StripCVRef<ArrItem>>;
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+void imbue_id(ArrItem &itm, const ObjectID &id)
+{
+    ImbueableItemTraits<ArrItem>::imbue_id(itm, id);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::optional<ObjectID> retrieve_id(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return ImbueableItemTraits<ArrItem>::retrieve_id(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+bool apply_arrangeitem(const ArrItem &itm, ArrangeableModel &mdl)
+{
+    bool ret = false;
+
+    if (auto id = retrieve_id(itm)) {
+        mdl.visit_arrangeable(*id, [&itm, &ret](Arrangeable &arrbl) {
+            if ((ret = arrbl.assign_bed(get_bed_index(itm))))
+                arrbl.transform(unscaled(get_translation(itm)), get_rotation(itm));
+        });
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+double get_min_area_bounding_box_rotation(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return MinAreaBoundigBox{envelope_convex_hull(itm),
+                             MinAreaBoundigBox::pcConvex}
+        .angle_to_X();
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+double get_fit_into_bed_rotation(const ArrItem &itm, const RectangleBed &bed)
+{
+    double ret = 0.;
+
+    auto bbsz = envelope_bounding_box(itm).size();
+    auto binbb = bounding_box(bed);
+    auto binbbsz = binbb.size();
+
+    if (bbsz.x() >= binbbsz.x() || bbsz.y() >= binbbsz.y())
+        ret = fit_into_box_rotation(envelope_convex_hull(itm), binbb);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+auto get_corrected_bed(const ExtendedBed &bed,
+                       const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &converter)
+{
+    auto bedcpy = bed;
+    visit_bed([tol = -converter.simplification_tolerance()](auto &rawbed) {
+        rawbed = offset(rawbed, tol);
+    }, bedcpy);
+
+    return bedcpy;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGE2_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/ArrangeImpl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGEIMPL_HPP
+#define ARRANGEIMPL_HPP
+
+#include <random>
+#include <map>
+
+#include "Arrange.hpp"
+
+#include "Core/ArrangeBase.hpp"
+#include "Core/ArrangeFirstFit.hpp"
+#include "Core/NFP/PackStrategyNFP.hpp"
+#include "Core/NFP/Kernels/TMArrangeKernel.hpp"
+#include "Core/NFP/Kernels/GravityKernel.hpp"
+#include "Core/NFP/RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy.hpp"
+#include "Core/Beds.hpp"
+
+#include "Items/MutableItemTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "SegmentedRectangleBed.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Execution/ExecutionTBB.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp"
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+#include "Core/NFP/Kernels/SVGDebugOutputKernelWrapper.hpp"
+#endif
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// arrange overload for SegmentedRectangleBed which is exactly what is used
+// by XL printers.
+template<class It,
+         class ConstIt,
+         class SelectionStrategy,
+         class PackStrategy, class...SBedArgs>
+void arrange(SelectionStrategy &&selstrategy,
+             PackStrategy &&packingstrategy,
+             const Range<It> &items,
+             const Range<ConstIt> &fixed,
+             const SegmentedRectangleBed<SBedArgs...> &bed)
+{
+    // Dispatch:
+    arrange(std::forward<SelectionStrategy>(selstrategy),
+            std::forward<PackStrategy>(packingstrategy), items, fixed,
+            RectangleBed{bed.bb}, SelStrategyTag<SelectionStrategy>{});
+
+    std::vector<int> bed_indices = get_bed_indices(items, fixed);
+    std::map<int, BoundingBox> pilebb;
+    std::map<int, bool> bed_occupied;
+
+    for (auto &itm : items) {
+        auto bedidx = get_bed_index(itm);
+        if (bedidx >= 0) {
+            pilebb[bedidx].merge(fixed_bounding_box(itm));
+            if (is_wipe_tower(itm))
+                bed_occupied[bedidx] = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto &fxitm : fixed) {
+        auto bedidx = get_bed_index(fxitm);
+        if (bedidx >= 0)
+            bed_occupied[bedidx] = true;
+    }
+
+    auto bedbb = bounding_box(bed);
+    auto piecesz = unscaled(bedbb).size();
+    piecesz.x() /= bed.segments_x();
+    piecesz.y() /= bed.segments_y();
+
+    using Pivots = RectPivots;
+
+    Pivots pivot = bed.alignment();
+
+    for (int bedidx : bed_indices) {
+        if (auto occup_it = bed_occupied.find(bedidx);
+            occup_it != bed_occupied.end() && occup_it->second)
+            continue;
+
+        BoundingBox bb;
+        auto pilesz = unscaled(pilebb[bedidx]).size();
+        bb.max.x() = scaled(std::ceil(pilesz.x() / piecesz.x()) * piecesz.x());
+        bb.max.y() = scaled(std::ceil(pilesz.y() / piecesz.y()) * piecesz.y());
+
+        switch (pivot) {
+        case Pivots::BottomLeft:
+            bb.translate(bedbb.min - bb.min);
+            break;
+        case Pivots::TopRight:
+            bb.translate(bedbb.max - bb.max);
+            break;
+        case Pivots::BottomRight: {
+            Point bedref{bedbb.max.x(), bedbb.min.y()};
+            Point bbref {bb.max.x(), bb.min.y()};
+            bb.translate(bedref - bbref);
+            break;
+        }
+        case Pivots::TopLeft: {
+            Point bedref{bedbb.min.x(), bedbb.max.y()};
+            Point bbref {bb.min.x(), bb.max.y()};
+            bb.translate(bedref - bbref);
+            break;
+        }
+        case Pivots::Center: {
+            bb.translate(bedbb.center() - bb.center());
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            ;
+        }
+
+        Vec2crd d = bb.center() - pilebb[bedidx].center();
+
+        auto pilebbx = pilebb[bedidx];
+        pilebbx.translate(d);
+
+        Point corr{0, 0};
+        corr.x() = -std::min(0, pilebbx.min.x() - bedbb.min.x())
+                   -std::max(0, pilebbx.max.x() - bedbb.max.x());
+        corr.y() = -std::min(0, pilebbx.min.y() - bedbb.min.y())
+                   -std::max(0, pilebbx.max.y() - bedbb.max.y());
+
+        d += corr;
+
+        for (auto &itm : items)
+            if (get_bed_index(itm) == static_cast<int>(bedidx) && !is_wipe_tower(itm))
+                translate(itm, d);
+    }
+}
+
+
+using VariantKernel =
+    boost::variant<TMArrangeKernel, GravityKernel>;
+
+template<> struct KernelTraits_<VariantKernel> {
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    static double placement_fitness(const VariantKernel &kernel,
+                                    const ArrItem &itm,
+                                    const Vec2crd &transl)
+    {
+        double ret = NaNd;
+        boost::apply_visitor(
+            [&](auto &k) { ret = k.placement_fitness(itm, transl); }, kernel);
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class Ctx, class RemIt>
+    static bool on_start_packing(VariantKernel &kernel,
+                                 ArrItem &itm,
+                                 const Bed &bed,
+                                 const Ctx &packing_context,
+                                 const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items)
+    {
+        bool ret = false;
+
+        boost::apply_visitor([&](auto &k) {
+            ret = k.on_start_packing(itm, bed, packing_context, remaining_items);
+        }, kernel);
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    static bool on_item_packed(VariantKernel &kernel, ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        bool ret = false;
+        boost::apply_visitor([&](auto &k) { ret = k.on_item_packed(itm); },
+                             kernel);
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+struct firstfit::ItemArrangedVisitor<ArrItem, DataStoreOnly<ArrItem>> {
+    template<class Bed, class PIt, class RIt>
+    static void on_arranged(ArrItem &itm,
+                            const Bed &bed,
+                            const Range<PIt> &packed,
+                            const Range<RIt> &remaining)
+    {
+        using OnArrangeCb = std::function<void(StripCVRef<ArrItem> &)>;
+
+        auto cb = get_data<OnArrangeCb>(itm, "on_arranged");
+
+        if (cb) {
+            (*cb)(itm);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+inline RectPivots xlpivots_to_rect_pivots(ArrangeSettingsView::XLPivots xlpivot)
+{
+    if (xlpivot == arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::xlpRandom) {
+        // means it should be random
+        std::random_device rd{};
+        std::mt19937 rng(rd());
+        std::uniform_int_distribution<std::mt19937::result_type>
+            dist(0, arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::xlpRandom - 1);
+        xlpivot = static_cast<ArrangeSettingsView::XLPivots>(dist(rng));
+    }
+
+    RectPivots rectpivot = RectPivots::Center;
+
+    switch(xlpivot) {
+    case arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::xlpCenter: rectpivot = RectPivots::Center; break;
+    case arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::xlpFrontLeft: rectpivot = RectPivots::BottomLeft; break;
+    case arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::xlpFrontRight: rectpivot = RectPivots::BottomRight; break;
+    case arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::xlpRearLeft: rectpivot = RectPivots::TopLeft; break;
+    case arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::xlpRearRight: rectpivot = RectPivots::TopRight; break;
+    default:
+        ;
+    }
+
+    return rectpivot;
+}
+
+template<class It, class Bed>
+void fill_rotations(const Range<It>           &items,
+                    const Bed                 &bed,
+                    const ArrangeSettingsView &settings)
+{
+    if (!settings.is_rotation_enabled())
+        return;
+
+    for (auto &itm : items) {
+        if (is_wipe_tower(itm)) // Rotating the wipe tower is currently problematic
+            continue;
+
+        // Use the minimum bounding box rotation as a starting point.
+        auto minbbr = get_min_area_bounding_box_rotation(itm);
+        std::vector<double> rotations =
+            {minbbr,
+             minbbr + PI / 4., minbbr + PI / 2.,
+             minbbr + PI,      minbbr + 3 * PI / 4.};
+
+        // Add the original rotation of the item if minbbr
+        // is not already the original rotation (zero)
+        if (std::abs(minbbr) > 0.)
+            rotations.emplace_back(0.);
+
+        // Also try to find the rotation that fits the item
+        // into a rectangular bed, given that it cannot fit,
+        // and there exists a rotation which can fit.
+        if constexpr (std::is_convertible_v<Bed, RectangleBed>) {
+            double fitbrot = get_fit_into_bed_rotation(itm, bed);
+            if (std::abs(fitbrot) > 0.)
+                rotations.emplace_back(fitbrot);
+        }
+
+        set_allowed_rotations(itm, rotations);
+    }
+}
+
+// An arranger put together to fulfill all the requirements based
+// on the supplied ArrangeSettings
+template<class ArrItem>
+class DefaultArranger: public Arranger<ArrItem> {
+    ArrangeSettings m_settings;
+
+    static constexpr auto Accuracy = 1.;
+
+    template<class It, class FixIt, class Bed>
+    void arrange_(
+        const Range<It>     &items,
+        const Range<FixIt>  &fixed,
+        const Bed &bed,
+        ArrangerCtl<ArrItem> &ctl)
+    {
+        auto cmpfn = [](const auto &itm1, const auto &itm2) {
+            int pa = get_priority(itm1);
+            int pb = get_priority(itm2);
+
+            return pa == pb ? area(envelope_convex_hull(itm1)) > area(envelope_convex_hull(itm2)) :
+                              pa > pb;
+        };
+
+        auto on_arranged = [&ctl](auto &itm, auto &bed, auto &ctx, auto &rem) {
+            ctl.update_status(rem.size());
+
+            ctl.on_packed(itm);
+
+            firstfit::DefaultOnArrangedFn{}(itm, bed, ctx, rem);
+        };
+
+        auto stop_cond = [&ctl] { return ctl.was_canceled(); };
+
+        firstfit::SelectionStrategy sel{cmpfn, on_arranged, stop_cond};
+
+        constexpr auto ep = ex_tbb;
+
+        VariantKernel basekernel;
+        switch (m_settings.get_arrange_strategy()) {
+        default:
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case ArrangeSettingsView::asAuto:
+            if constexpr (std::is_convertible_v<Bed, CircleBed>){
+                basekernel = GravityKernel{};
+            } else {
+                basekernel = TMArrangeKernel{items.size(), area(bed)};
+            }
+            break;
+        case ArrangeSettingsView::asPullToCenter:
+            basekernel = GravityKernel{};
+            break;
+        }
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+        SVGDebugOutputKernelWrapper<VariantKernel> kernel{bounding_box(bed), basekernel};
+#else
+        auto & kernel = basekernel;
+#endif
+
+        fill_rotations(items, bed, m_settings);
+
+        bool with_wipe_tower = std::any_of(items.begin(), items.end(),
+                                           [](auto &itm) {
+                                               return is_wipe_tower(itm);
+                                           });
+
+        // With rectange bed, and no fixed items, let's use an infinite bed
+        // with RectangleOverfitKernelWrapper. It produces better results than
+        // a pure RectangleBed with inner-fit polygon calculation.
+        if (!with_wipe_tower &&
+            m_settings.get_arrange_strategy() == ArrangeSettingsView::asAuto &&
+            std::is_convertible_v<Bed, RectangleBed>) {
+            PackStrategyNFP base_strategy{std::move(kernel), ep, Accuracy, stop_cond};
+
+            RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy final_strategy{std::move(base_strategy)};
+
+            arr2::arrange(sel, final_strategy, items, fixed, bed);
+        } else {
+            PackStrategyNFP ps{std::move(kernel), ep, Accuracy, stop_cond};
+
+            arr2::arrange(sel, ps, items, fixed, bed);
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    explicit DefaultArranger(const ArrangeSettingsView &settings)
+    {
+        m_settings.set_from(settings);
+    }
+
+    void arrange(
+        std::vector<ArrItem> &items,
+        const std::vector<ArrItem> &fixed,
+        const ExtendedBed &bed,
+        ArrangerCtl<ArrItem> &ctl) override
+    {
+        visit_bed([this, &items, &fixed, &ctl](auto rawbed) {
+
+            if constexpr (IsSegmentedBed<decltype(rawbed)>)
+                rawbed.pivot = xlpivots_to_rect_pivots(
+                    m_settings.get_xl_alignment());
+
+            arrange_(range(items), crange(fixed), rawbed, ctl);
+        }, bed);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::unique_ptr<Arranger<ArrItem>> Arranger<ArrItem>::create(
+    const ArrangeSettingsView &settings)
+{
+    // Currently all that is needed is handled by DefaultArranger
+    return std::make_unique<DefaultArranger<ArrItem>>(settings);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+ArrItem ConvexItemConverter<ArrItem>::convert(const Arrangeable &arrbl,
+                                              coord_t offs) const
+{
+    auto bed_index = arrbl.get_bed_index();
+    Polygon outline = arrbl.convex_outline();
+
+    if (outline.empty())
+        throw EmptyItemOutlineError{};
+
+    Polygon envelope = arrbl.convex_envelope();
+
+    coord_t infl = offs + coord_t(std::ceil(this->safety_dist() / 2.));
+
+    if (infl != 0) {
+        outline = Geometry::convex_hull(offset(outline, infl));
+        if (! envelope.empty())
+            envelope = Geometry::convex_hull(offset(envelope, infl));
+    }
+
+    ArrItem ret;
+    set_convex_shape(ret, outline);
+    if (! envelope.empty())
+        set_convex_envelope(ret, envelope);
+
+    set_bed_index(ret, bed_index);
+    set_priority(ret, arrbl.priority());
+
+    imbue_id(ret, arrbl.id());
+    if constexpr (IsWritableDataStore<ArrItem>)
+        arrbl.imbue_data(AnyWritableDataStore{ret});
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+ArrItem AdvancedItemConverter<ArrItem>::convert(const Arrangeable &arrbl,
+                                                coord_t offs) const
+{
+    auto bed_index = arrbl.get_bed_index();
+    ArrItem ret = get_arritem(arrbl, offs);
+
+    set_bed_index(ret, bed_index);
+    set_priority(ret, arrbl.priority());
+    imbue_id(ret, arrbl.id());
+    if constexpr (IsWritableDataStore<ArrItem>)
+        arrbl.imbue_data(AnyWritableDataStore{ret});
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+ArrItem AdvancedItemConverter<ArrItem>::get_arritem(const Arrangeable &arrbl,
+                                                    coord_t    offs) const
+{
+    coord_t infl = offs + coord_t(std::ceil(this->safety_dist() / 2.));
+
+    auto outline = arrbl.full_outline();
+
+    if (outline.empty())
+        throw EmptyItemOutlineError{};
+
+    auto envelope = arrbl.full_envelope();
+
+    if (infl != 0) {
+        outline = offset_ex(outline, infl);
+        if (! envelope.empty())
+            envelope = offset_ex(envelope, infl);
+    }
+
+    auto simpl_tol = static_cast<double>(this->simplification_tolerance());
+
+    if (simpl_tol > 0)
+    {
+        outline = expolygons_simplify(outline, simpl_tol);
+        if (!envelope.empty())
+            envelope = expolygons_simplify(envelope, simpl_tol);
+    }
+
+    ArrItem ret;
+    set_shape(ret, outline);
+    if (! envelope.empty())
+        set_envelope(ret, envelope);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+ArrItem BalancedItemConverter<ArrItem>::get_arritem(const Arrangeable &arrbl,
+                                                    coord_t    offs) const
+{
+    ArrItem ret = AdvancedItemConverter<ArrItem>::get_arritem(arrbl, offs);
+    set_convex_envelope(ret, envelope_convex_hull(ret));
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::unique_ptr<ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem>>
+ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem>::create(
+    ArrangeSettingsView::GeometryHandling gh,
+    coord_t safety_d)
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem>> ret;
+
+    constexpr coord_t SimplifyTol = scaled(.2);
+
+    switch(gh) {
+    case arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::ghConvex:
+        ret = std::make_unique<ConvexItemConverter<ArrItem>>(safety_d);
+        break;
+    case arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::ghBalanced:
+        ret = std::make_unique<BalancedItemConverter<ArrItem>>(safety_d, SimplifyTol);
+        break;
+    case arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::ghAdvanced:
+        ret = std::make_unique<AdvancedItemConverter<ArrItem>>(safety_d, SimplifyTol);
+        break;
+    default:
+        ;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGEIMPL_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+
+#include "ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg(AppConfig *appcfg) : m_appcfg{appcfg}
+{
+    m_settings_fff.postfix = "_fff";
+    m_settings_fff_seq.postfix = "_fff_seq_print";
+    m_settings_sla.postfix = "_sla";
+
+    std::string dist_fff_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "min_object_distance_fff");
+
+    std::string dist_bed_fff_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "min_bed_distance_fff");
+
+    std::string dist_fff_seq_print_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "min_object_distance_fff_seq_print");
+
+    std::string dist_bed_fff_seq_print_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "min_bed_distance_fff_seq_print");
+
+    std::string dist_sla_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "min_object_distance_sla");
+
+    std::string dist_bed_sla_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "min_bed_distance_sla");
+
+    std::string en_rot_fff_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "enable_rotation_fff");
+
+    std::string en_rot_fff_seqp_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "enable_rotation_fff_seq_print");
+
+    std::string en_rot_sla_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "enable_rotation_sla");
+
+    //    std::string alignment_fff_str =
+    //        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "alignment_fff");
+
+    //    std::string alignment_fff_seqp_str =
+    //        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "alignment_fff_seq_pring");
+
+    //    std::string alignment_sla_str =
+    //        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "alignment_sla");
+
+    // Override default alignment and save save/load it to a temporary slot "alignment_xl"
+    std::string alignment_xl_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "alignment_xl");
+
+    std::string geom_handling_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "geometry_handling");
+
+    std::string strategy_str =
+        m_appcfg->get("arrange", "arrange_strategy");
+
+    if (!dist_fff_str.empty())
+        m_settings_fff.vals.d_obj = string_to_float_decimal_point(dist_fff_str);
+
+    if (!dist_bed_fff_str.empty())
+        m_settings_fff.vals.d_bed = string_to_float_decimal_point(dist_bed_fff_str);
+
+    if (!dist_fff_seq_print_str.empty())
+        m_settings_fff_seq.vals.d_obj = string_to_float_decimal_point(dist_fff_seq_print_str);
+
+    if (!dist_bed_fff_seq_print_str.empty())
+        m_settings_fff_seq.vals.d_bed = string_to_float_decimal_point(dist_bed_fff_seq_print_str);
+
+    if (!dist_sla_str.empty())
+        m_settings_sla.vals.d_obj = string_to_float_decimal_point(dist_sla_str);
+
+    if (!dist_bed_sla_str.empty())
+        m_settings_sla.vals.d_bed = string_to_float_decimal_point(dist_bed_sla_str);
+
+    if (!en_rot_fff_str.empty())
+        m_settings_fff.vals.rotations = (en_rot_fff_str == "1" || en_rot_fff_str == "yes");
+
+    if (!en_rot_fff_seqp_str.empty())
+        m_settings_fff_seq.vals.rotations = (en_rot_fff_seqp_str == "1" || en_rot_fff_seqp_str == "yes");
+
+    if (!en_rot_sla_str.empty())
+        m_settings_sla.vals.rotations = (en_rot_sla_str == "1" || en_rot_sla_str == "yes");
+
+    //    if (!alignment_sla_str.empty())
+    //        m_arrange_settings_sla.alignment = std::stoi(alignment_sla_str);
+
+    //    if (!alignment_fff_str.empty())
+    //        m_arrange_settings_fff.alignment = std::stoi(alignment_fff_str);
+
+    //    if (!alignment_fff_seqp_str.empty())
+    //        m_arrange_settings_fff_seq_print.alignment = std::stoi(alignment_fff_seqp_str);
+
+    // Override default alignment and save save/load it to a temporary slot "alignment_xl"
+    ArrangeSettingsView::XLPivots arr_alignment = ArrangeSettingsView::xlpFrontLeft;
+    if (!alignment_xl_str.empty()) {
+        int align_val = std::stoi(alignment_xl_str);
+
+        if (align_val >= 0 && align_val < ArrangeSettingsView::xlpCount)
+            arr_alignment =
+                static_cast<ArrangeSettingsView::XLPivots>(align_val);
+    }
+
+    m_settings_sla.vals.xl_align = arr_alignment ;
+    m_settings_fff.vals.xl_align = arr_alignment ;
+    m_settings_fff_seq.vals.xl_align = arr_alignment ;
+
+    ArrangeSettingsView::GeometryHandling geom_handl = arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::ghConvex;
+    if (!geom_handling_str.empty()) {
+        int gh = std::stoi(geom_handling_str);
+        if(gh >= 0 && gh < ArrangeSettingsView::GeometryHandling::ghCount)
+            geom_handl = static_cast<ArrangeSettingsView::GeometryHandling>(gh);
+    }
+
+    m_settings_sla.vals.geom_handling = geom_handl;
+    m_settings_fff.vals.geom_handling = geom_handl;
+    m_settings_fff_seq.vals.geom_handling = geom_handl;
+
+    ArrangeSettingsView::ArrangeStrategy arr_strategy = arr2::ArrangeSettingsView::asAuto;
+    if (!strategy_str.empty()) {
+        int strateg = std::stoi(strategy_str);
+        if(strateg >= 0 && strateg < ArrangeSettingsView::ArrangeStrategy::asCount)
+            arr_strategy = static_cast<ArrangeSettingsView::ArrangeStrategy>(strateg);
+    }
+
+    m_settings_sla.vals.arr_strategy = arr_strategy;
+    m_settings_fff.vals.arr_strategy = arr_strategy;
+    m_settings_fff_seq.vals.arr_strategy = arr_strategy;
+}
+
+void ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::distance_from_obj_range(float &min,
+                                                       float &max) const
+{
+    min = get_slot(this).dobj_range.minval;
+    max = get_slot(this).dobj_range.maxval;
+}
+
+void ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::distance_from_bed_range(float &min,
+                                                       float &max) const
+{
+    min = get_slot(this).dbed_range.minval;
+    max = get_slot(this).dbed_range.maxval;
+}
+
+arr2::ArrangeSettingsDb& ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::set_distance_from_objects(float v)
+{
+    Slot &slot = get_slot(this);
+    slot.vals.d_obj = v;
+    m_appcfg->set("arrange", "min_object_distance" + slot.postfix,
+                  float_to_string_decimal_point(v));
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+arr2::ArrangeSettingsDb& ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::set_distance_from_bed(float v)
+{
+    Slot &slot = get_slot(this);
+    slot.vals.d_bed = v;
+    m_appcfg->set("arrange", "min_bed_distance" + slot.postfix,
+                  float_to_string_decimal_point(v));
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+arr2::ArrangeSettingsDb& ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::set_rotation_enabled(bool v)
+{
+    Slot &slot = get_slot(this);
+    slot.vals.rotations = v;
+    m_appcfg->set("arrange", "enable_rotation" + slot.postfix, v ? "1" : "0");
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+arr2::ArrangeSettingsDb& ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::set_xl_alignment(XLPivots v)
+{
+    m_settings_fff.vals.xl_align = v;
+    m_appcfg->set("arrange", "alignment_xl", std::to_string(v));
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+arr2::ArrangeSettingsDb& ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::set_geometry_handling(GeometryHandling v)
+{
+    m_settings_fff.vals.geom_handling = v;
+    m_appcfg->set("arrange", "geometry_handling", std::to_string(v));
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+arr2::ArrangeSettingsDb& ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg::set_arrange_strategy(ArrangeStrategy v)
+{
+    m_settings_fff.vals.arr_strategy = v;
+    m_appcfg->set("arrange", "arrange_strategy", std::to_string(v));
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r

src/libslic3r/Arrange/ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGESETTINGSDB_APPCFG_HPP
+#define ARRANGESETTINGSDB_APPCFG_HPP
+
+#include "ArrangeSettingsView.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/AppConfig.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/PrintConfig.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+class ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg: public arr2::ArrangeSettingsDb
+{
+public:
+    enum Slots { slotFFF, slotFFFSeqPrint, slotSLA };
+
+private:
+    AppConfig *m_appcfg;
+    Slots m_current_slot = slotFFF;
+
+    struct FloatRange { float minval = 0.f, maxval = 100.f; };
+    struct Slot
+    {
+        Values      vals;
+        Values      defaults;
+        FloatRange  dobj_range, dbed_range;
+        std::string postfix;
+    };
+
+    // Settings and their defaults are stored separately for fff,
+    // sla and fff sequential mode
+    Slot m_settings_fff, m_settings_fff_seq, m_settings_sla;
+
+    template<class Self>
+    static auto & get_slot(Self *self, Slots slot) {
+        switch(slot) {
+        case slotFFF: return self->m_settings_fff;
+        case slotFFFSeqPrint: return self->m_settings_fff_seq;
+        case slotSLA: return self->m_settings_sla;
+        }
+
+        return self->m_settings_fff;
+    }
+
+    template<class Self> static auto &get_slot(Self *self)
+    {
+        return get_slot(self, self->m_current_slot);
+    }
+
+    template<class Self>
+    static auto& get_ref(Self *self) { return get_slot(self).vals; }
+
+public:
+    explicit ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg(AppConfig *appcfg);
+
+    float get_distance_from_objects() const override { return get_ref(this).d_obj; }
+    float get_distance_from_bed() const  override { return get_ref(this).d_bed; }
+    bool  is_rotation_enabled() const override { return get_ref(this).rotations; }
+
+    XLPivots get_xl_alignment() const override { return m_settings_fff.vals.xl_align; }
+    GeometryHandling get_geometry_handling() const override { return m_settings_fff.vals.geom_handling; }
+    ArrangeStrategy get_arrange_strategy() const override { return m_settings_fff.vals.arr_strategy; }
+
+    void distance_from_obj_range(float &min, float &max) const override;
+    void distance_from_bed_range(float &min, float &max) const override;
+
+    ArrangeSettingsDb& set_distance_from_objects(float v) override;
+    ArrangeSettingsDb& set_distance_from_bed(float v) override;
+    ArrangeSettingsDb& set_rotation_enabled(bool v) override;
+
+    ArrangeSettingsDb& set_xl_alignment(XLPivots v) override;
+    ArrangeSettingsDb& set_geometry_handling(GeometryHandling v) override;
+    ArrangeSettingsDb& set_arrange_strategy(ArrangeStrategy v) override;
+
+    Values get_defaults() const override { return get_slot(this).defaults; }
+
+    void set_active_slot(Slots slot) noexcept { m_current_slot = slot; }
+    void set_distance_from_obj_range(Slots slot, float min, float max)
+    {
+        get_slot(this, slot).dobj_range = FloatRange{min, max};
+    }
+
+    void set_distance_from_bed_range(Slots slot, float min, float max)
+    {
+        get_slot(this, slot).dbed_range = FloatRange{min, max};
+    }
+
+    Values &get_defaults(Slots slot) { return get_slot(this, slot).defaults; }
+};
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // ARRANGESETTINGSDB_APPCFG_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/ArrangeSettingsView.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGESETTINGSVIEW_HPP
+#define ARRANGESETTINGSVIEW_HPP
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+class ArrangeSettingsView
+{
+public:
+    enum GeometryHandling { ghConvex, ghBalanced, ghAdvanced, ghCount };
+    enum ArrangeStrategy { asAuto, asPullToCenter, asCount };
+    enum XLPivots {
+        xlpCenter,
+        xlpRearLeft,
+        xlpFrontLeft,
+        xlpFrontRight,
+        xlpRearRight,
+        xlpRandom,
+        xlpCount
+    };
+
+    virtual ~ArrangeSettingsView() = default;
+
+    virtual float get_distance_from_objects() const = 0;
+    virtual float get_distance_from_bed() const     = 0;
+    virtual bool  is_rotation_enabled() const       = 0;
+
+    virtual XLPivots         get_xl_alignment() const      = 0;
+    virtual GeometryHandling get_geometry_handling() const = 0;
+    virtual ArrangeStrategy  get_arrange_strategy() const  = 0;
+};
+
+class ArrangeSettingsDb: public ArrangeSettingsView
+{
+public:
+
+    virtual void distance_from_obj_range(float &min, float &max) const = 0;
+    virtual void distance_from_bed_range(float &min, float &max) const = 0;
+
+    virtual ArrangeSettingsDb& set_distance_from_objects(float v) = 0;
+    virtual ArrangeSettingsDb& set_distance_from_bed(float v) = 0;
+    virtual ArrangeSettingsDb& set_rotation_enabled(bool v) = 0;
+
+    virtual ArrangeSettingsDb& set_xl_alignment(XLPivots v) = 0;
+    virtual ArrangeSettingsDb& set_geometry_handling(GeometryHandling v) = 0;
+    virtual ArrangeSettingsDb& set_arrange_strategy(ArrangeStrategy v) = 0;
+
+    struct Values {
+        float d_obj = 6.f, d_bed = 0.f;
+        bool rotations = false;
+        XLPivots xl_align = XLPivots::xlpFrontLeft;
+        GeometryHandling geom_handling = GeometryHandling::ghConvex;
+        ArrangeStrategy  arr_strategy = ArrangeStrategy::asAuto;
+
+        Values() = default;
+        Values(const ArrangeSettingsView &sv)
+        {
+            d_bed = sv.get_distance_from_bed();
+            d_obj = sv.get_distance_from_objects();
+            arr_strategy = sv.get_arrange_strategy();
+            geom_handling = sv.get_geometry_handling();
+            rotations = sv.is_rotation_enabled();
+            xl_align = sv.get_xl_alignment();
+        }
+    };
+
+    virtual Values get_defaults() const { return {}; }
+
+    ArrangeSettingsDb& set_from(const ArrangeSettingsView &sv)
+    {
+        set_distance_from_bed(sv.get_distance_from_bed());
+        set_distance_from_objects(sv.get_distance_from_objects());
+        set_arrange_strategy(sv.get_arrange_strategy());
+        set_geometry_handling(sv.get_geometry_handling());
+        set_rotation_enabled(sv.is_rotation_enabled());
+        set_xl_alignment(sv.get_xl_alignment());
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+
+class ArrangeSettings: public Slic3r::arr2::ArrangeSettingsDb
+{
+    ArrangeSettingsDb::Values m_v = {};
+
+public:
+    explicit ArrangeSettings(
+        const ArrangeSettingsDb::Values &v = {})
+        : m_v{v}
+    {}
+
+    explicit ArrangeSettings(const ArrangeSettingsView &v)
+        : m_v{v}
+    {}
+
+    float get_distance_from_objects() const override { return m_v.d_obj; }
+    float get_distance_from_bed() const override { return m_v.d_bed; }
+    bool  is_rotation_enabled() const override { return m_v.rotations; }
+    XLPivots get_xl_alignment() const override { return m_v.xl_align; }
+    GeometryHandling get_geometry_handling() const override { return m_v.geom_handling; }
+    ArrangeStrategy get_arrange_strategy() const override { return m_v.arr_strategy; }
+
+    void distance_from_obj_range(float &min, float &max) const override { min = 0.f; max = 100.f; }
+    void distance_from_bed_range(float &min, float &max) const override { min = 0.f; max = 100.f; }
+
+    ArrangeSettings& set_distance_from_objects(float v) override { m_v.d_obj = v; return *this; }
+    ArrangeSettings& set_distance_from_bed(float v) override { m_v.d_bed = v; return *this; }
+    ArrangeSettings& set_rotation_enabled(bool v) override { m_v.rotations = v; return *this; }
+    ArrangeSettings& set_xl_alignment(XLPivots v) override { m_v.xl_align = v; return *this; }
+    ArrangeSettings& set_geometry_handling(GeometryHandling v) override { m_v.geom_handling = v; return *this; }
+    ArrangeSettings& set_arrange_strategy(ArrangeStrategy v) override { m_v.arr_strategy = v; return *this; }
+
+    auto & values() const { return m_v; }
+    auto & values() { return m_v; }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGESETTINGSVIEW_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeBase.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGEBASE_HPP
+#define ARRANGEBASE_HPP
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "ArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "PackingContext.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Point.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+namespace detail_is_const_it {
+
+template<class It, class En = void>
+struct IsConstIt_ { static constexpr bool value = false; };
+
+template<class It>
+using iterator_category_t = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::iterator_category;
+
+template<class It>
+using iterator_reference_t = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::reference;
+
+template<class It>
+struct IsConstIt_ <It, std::enable_if_t<std::is_class_v<iterator_category_t<It>>> >
+{
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        std::is_const_v<std::remove_reference_t<iterator_reference_t<It>>>;
+};
+
+} // namespace detail_is_const_it
+
+template<class It>
+static constexpr bool IsConstIterator = detail_is_const_it::IsConstIt_<It>::value;
+
+template<class It>
+constexpr bool is_const_iterator(const It &it) noexcept { return IsConstIterator<It>; }
+
+// The pack() function will use tag dispatching, based on the given strategy
+// object that is used as its first argument.
+
+// This tag is derived for a packing strategy as default, and will be used
+// to cast a compile error.
+struct UnimplementedPacking {};
+
+// PackStrategyTag_ needs to be specialized for any valid packing strategy class
+template<class PackStrategy> struct PackStrategyTag_ {
+    using Tag = UnimplementedPacking;
+};
+
+// Helper metafunc to derive packing strategy tag from a strategy object.
+template<class Strategy>
+using PackStrategyTag =
+    typename PackStrategyTag_<remove_cvref_t<Strategy>>::Tag;
+
+
+template<class PackStrategy, class En = void> struct PackStrategyTraits_ {
+    template<class ArrItem> using Context = DefaultPackingContext<ArrItem>;
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed>
+    static Context<ArrItem> create_context(PackStrategy &ps,
+                                           const Bed &bed,
+                                           int bed_index)
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+};
+
+template<class PS> using PackStrategyTraits = PackStrategyTraits_<StripCVRef<PS>>;
+
+template<class PS, class ArrItem>
+using PackStrategyContext =
+    typename PackStrategyTraits<PS>::template Context<StripCVRef<ArrItem>>;
+
+template<class ArrItem, class PackStrategy, class Bed>
+PackStrategyContext<PackStrategy, ArrItem> create_context(PackStrategy &&ps,
+                                                          const Bed &bed,
+                                                          int bed_index)
+{
+    return PackStrategyTraits<PackStrategy>::template create_context<
+        StripCVRef<ArrItem>>(ps, bed, bed_index);
+}
+
+// Function to pack one item into a bed.
+// strategy parameter holds clue to what packing strategy to use. This function
+//          needs to be overloaded for the strategy tag belonging to the given
+//          strategy.
+// 'bed' parameter is the type of bed into which the new item should be packed.
+//       See beds.hpp for valid bed classes.
+// 'item' parameter is the item to be packed. After succesful arrangement
+//        (see return value) the item will have it's translation and rotation
+//        set correctly. If the function returns false, the translation and
+//        rotation of the input item might be changed to arbitrary values.
+// 'fixed_items' paramter holds a range of ArrItem type objects that are already
+//               on the bed and need to be avoided by the newly packed item.
+// 'remaining_items' is a range of ArrItem type objects that are intended to be
+//                   packed in the future. This information can be leveradged by
+//                   the packing strategy to make more intelligent placement
+//                   decisions for the input item.
+template<class Strategy, class Bed, class ArrItem, class RemIt>
+bool pack(Strategy &&strategy,
+          const Bed &bed,
+          ArrItem &item,
+          const PackStrategyContext<Strategy, ArrItem> &context,
+          const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items)
+{
+    static_assert(IsConstIterator<RemIt>, "Remaining item iterator is not const!");
+
+    // Dispatch:
+    return pack(std::forward<Strategy>(strategy), bed, item, context,
+                remaining_items, PackStrategyTag<Strategy>{});
+}
+
+// Overload without fixed items:
+template<class Strategy, class Bed, class ArrItem>
+bool pack(Strategy &&strategy, const Bed &bed, ArrItem &item)
+{
+    std::vector<ArrItem> dummy;
+    auto context = create_context<ArrItem>(strategy, bed, PhysicalBedId);
+    return pack(std::forward<Strategy>(strategy), bed, item, context,
+                crange(dummy));
+}
+
+// Overload when strategy is unkown, yields compile error:
+template<class Strategy, class Bed, class ArrItem, class RemIt>
+bool pack(Strategy &&strategy,
+          const Bed &bed,
+          ArrItem &item,
+          const PackStrategyContext<Strategy, ArrItem> &context,
+          const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items,
+          const UnimplementedPacking &)
+{
+    static_assert(always_false<Strategy>::value,
+                  "Packing unimplemented for this placement strategy");
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Helper function to remove unpackable items from the input container.
+template<class PackStrategy, class Container, class Bed, class StopCond>
+void remove_unpackable_items(PackStrategy  &&ps,
+                             Container      &c,
+                             const Bed      &bed,
+                             const StopCond &stopcond)
+{
+    // Safety test: try to pack each item into an empty bed. If it fails
+    // then it should be removed from the list
+    auto it = c.begin();
+    while (it != c.end() && !stopcond()) {
+        StripCVRef<decltype(*it)> &itm = *it;
+        auto cpy{itm};
+
+        if (!pack(ps, bed, cpy)) {
+            set_bed_index(itm, Unarranged);
+            it = c.erase(it);
+        } else
+            it++;
+    }
+}
+
+// arrange() function will use tag dispatching based on the selection strategy
+// given as its first argument.
+
+// This tag is derived for a selection strategy as default, and will be used
+// to cast a compile error.
+struct UnimplementedSelection {};
+
+// SelStrategyTag_ needs to be specialized for any valid selection strategy class
+template<class SelStrategy> struct SelStrategyTag_ {
+    using Tag = UnimplementedSelection;
+};
+
+// Helper metafunc to derive the selection strategy tag from a strategy object.
+template<class Strategy>
+using SelStrategyTag = typename SelStrategyTag_<remove_cvref_t<Strategy>>::Tag;
+
+// Main function to start the arrangement. Takes a selection and a packing
+// strategy object as the first two parameters. An implementation
+// (function overload) must exist for this function that takes the coresponding
+// selection strategy tag belonging to the given selstrategy argument.
+//
+// items parameter is a range of arrange items to arrange.
+// fixed parameter is a range of arrange items that have fixed position and will
+//                 not move during the arrangement but need to be avoided by the
+//                 moving items.
+// bed parameter is the type of bed into which the items need to fit.
+template<class It,
+         class ConstIt,
+         class TBed,
+         class SelectionStrategy,
+         class PackStrategy>
+void arrange(SelectionStrategy &&selstrategy,
+             PackStrategy &&packingstrategy,
+             const Range<It> &items,
+             const Range<ConstIt> &fixed,
+             const TBed &bed)
+{
+    static_assert(IsConstIterator<ConstIt>, "Fixed item iterator is not const!");
+
+    // Dispatch:
+    arrange(std::forward<SelectionStrategy>(selstrategy),
+            std::forward<PackStrategy>(packingstrategy), items, fixed, bed,
+            SelStrategyTag<SelectionStrategy>{});
+}
+
+template<class It, class TBed, class SelectionStrategy, class PackStrategy>
+void arrange(SelectionStrategy &&selstrategy,
+             PackStrategy &&packingstrategy,
+             const Range<It> &items,
+             const TBed &bed)
+{
+    std::vector<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type> dummy;
+    arrange(std::forward<SelectionStrategy>(selstrategy),
+            std::forward<PackStrategy>(packingstrategy), items, crange(dummy),
+            bed);
+}
+
+// Overload for unimplemented selection strategy, yields compile error:
+template<class It,
+         class ConstIt,
+         class TBed,
+         class SelectionStrategy,
+         class PackStrategy>
+void arrange(SelectionStrategy &&selstrategy,
+             PackStrategy &&packingstrategy,
+             const Range<It> &items,
+             const Range<ConstIt> &fixed,
+             const TBed &bed,
+             const UnimplementedSelection &)
+{
+    static_assert(always_false<SelectionStrategy>::value,
+                  "Arrange unimplemented for this selection strategy");
+}
+
+template<class It>
+std::vector<int> get_bed_indices(const Range<It> &items)
+{
+    auto bed_indices = reserve_vector<int>(items.size());
+
+    for (auto &itm : items)
+        bed_indices.emplace_back(get_bed_index(itm));
+
+    std::sort(bed_indices.begin(), bed_indices.end());
+    auto endit = std::unique(bed_indices.begin(), bed_indices.end());
+
+    bed_indices.erase(endit, bed_indices.end());
+
+    return bed_indices;
+}
+
+template<class It, class CIt>
+std::vector<int> get_bed_indices(const Range<It> &items, const Range<CIt> &fixed)
+{
+    std::vector<int> ret;
+
+    auto iitems = get_bed_indices(items);
+    auto ifixed = get_bed_indices(fixed);
+    ret.reserve(std::max(iitems.size(), ifixed.size()));
+    std::set_union(iitems.begin(), iitems.end(),
+                   ifixed.begin(), ifixed.end(),
+                   std::back_inserter(ret));
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class It>
+size_t get_bed_count(const Range<It> &items)
+{
+    return get_bed_indices(items).size();
+}
+
+template<class It> int get_max_bed_index(const Range<It> &items)
+{
+    auto it = std::max_element(items.begin(),
+                               items.end(),
+                               [](auto &i1, auto &i2) {
+                                   return get_bed_index(i1) < get_bed_index(i2);
+                               });
+
+    int ret = Unarranged;
+    if (it != items.end())
+        ret = get_bed_index(*it);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+struct DefaultStopCondition {
+    constexpr bool operator()() const noexcept { return false; }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGEBASE_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeFirstFit.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGEFIRSTFIT_HPP
+#define ARRANGEFIRSTFIT_HPP
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <map>
+
+#include <libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeBase.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 { namespace firstfit {
+
+struct SelectionTag {};
+
+// Can be specialized by Items
+template<class ArrItem, class En = void>
+struct ItemArrangedVisitor {
+    template<class Bed, class PIt, class RIt>
+    static void on_arranged(ArrItem &itm,
+                            const Bed &bed,
+                            const Range<PIt> &packed_items,
+                            const Range<RIt> &remaining_items)
+    {}
+};
+
+// Use the the visitor baked into the ArrItem type by default
+struct DefaultOnArrangedFn {
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class PIt, class RIt>
+    void operator()(ArrItem &itm,
+                    const Bed &bed,
+                    const Range<PIt> &packed,
+                    const Range<RIt> &remaining)
+    {
+        ItemArrangedVisitor<StripCVRef<ArrItem>>::on_arranged(itm, bed, packed,
+                                                              remaining);
+    }
+};
+
+struct DefaultItemCompareFn {
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    bool operator() (const ArrItem &ia, const ArrItem &ib)
+    {
+        return get_priority(ia) > get_priority(ib);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class CompareFn  = DefaultItemCompareFn,
+         class OnArrangedFn = DefaultOnArrangedFn,
+         class StopCondition = DefaultStopCondition>
+struct SelectionStrategy
+{
+    CompareFn  cmpfn;
+    OnArrangedFn on_arranged_fn;
+    StopCondition cancel_fn;
+
+    SelectionStrategy(CompareFn cmp = {},
+             OnArrangedFn on_arranged = {},
+             StopCondition stopcond = {})
+        : cmpfn{cmp},
+          on_arranged_fn{std::move(on_arranged)},
+          cancel_fn{std::move(stopcond)}
+    {}
+};
+
+} // namespace firstfit
+
+template<class... Args> struct SelStrategyTag_<firstfit::SelectionStrategy<Args...>> {
+    using Tag = firstfit::SelectionTag;
+};
+
+template<class It,
+         class ConstIt,
+         class TBed,
+         class SelStrategy,
+         class PackStrategy>
+void arrange(
+    SelStrategy &&sel,
+    PackStrategy &&ps,
+    const Range<It> &items,
+    const Range<ConstIt> &fixed,
+    const TBed &bed,
+    const firstfit::SelectionTag &)
+{
+    using ArrItem = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
+    using ArrItemRef = std::reference_wrapper<ArrItem>;
+
+    auto sorted_items = reserve_vector<ArrItemRef>(items.size());
+
+    for (auto &itm : items) {
+        set_bed_index(itm, Unarranged);
+        sorted_items.emplace_back(itm);
+    }
+
+    using Context = PackStrategyContext<PackStrategy, ArrItem>;
+
+    std::map<int, Context> bed_contexts;
+    auto get_or_init_context = [&ps, &bed, &bed_contexts](int bedidx) -> Context& {
+        auto ctx_it = bed_contexts.find(bedidx);
+        if (ctx_it == bed_contexts.end()) {
+            auto res = bed_contexts.emplace(
+                bedidx, create_context<ArrItem>(ps, bed, bedidx));
+
+            assert(res.second);
+
+            ctx_it = res.first;
+        }
+
+        return ctx_it->second;
+    };
+
+    for (auto &itm : fixed) {
+        auto bedidx = get_bed_index(itm);
+        if (bedidx >= 0) {
+            Context &ctx = get_or_init_context(bedidx);
+            add_fixed_item(ctx, itm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (!std::is_null_pointer_v<decltype(sel.cmpfn)>) {
+        std::stable_sort(sorted_items.begin(), sorted_items.end(), sel.cmpfn);
+    }
+
+    auto is_cancelled = [&sel]() {
+        return sel.cancel_fn();
+    };
+
+    remove_unpackable_items(ps, sorted_items, bed, [&is_cancelled]() {
+        return is_cancelled();
+    });
+
+    auto it = sorted_items.begin();
+
+    using SConstIt = typename std::vector<ArrItemRef>::const_iterator;
+
+    while (it != sorted_items.end() && !is_cancelled()) {
+        bool was_packed = false;
+        int bedidx = 0;
+        while (!was_packed && !is_cancelled()) {
+            for (; !was_packed && !is_cancelled(); bedidx++) {
+                set_bed_index(*it, bedidx);
+
+                auto remaining = Range{std::next(static_cast<SConstIt>(it)),
+                                       sorted_items.cend()};
+
+                Context &ctx = get_or_init_context(bedidx);
+
+                was_packed = pack(ps, bed, *it, ctx, remaining);
+
+                if(was_packed) {
+                    add_packed_item(ctx, *it);
+
+                    auto packed_range = Range{sorted_items.cbegin(),
+                                              static_cast<SConstIt>(it)};
+
+                    sel.on_arranged_fn(*it, bed, packed_range, remaining);
+                } else {
+                    set_bed_index(*it, Unarranged);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        ++it;
+    }
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGEFIRSTFIT_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeItemTraits.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGE_ITEM_TRAITS_HPP
+#define ARRANGE_ITEM_TRAITS_HPP
+
+#include <libslic3r/Point.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// A logical bed representing an object not being arranged. Either the arrange
+// has not yet successfully run on this ArrangePolygon or it could not fit the
+// object due to overly large size or invalid geometry.
+const constexpr int Unarranged = -1;
+
+const constexpr int PhysicalBedId = 0;
+
+// Basic interface of an arrange item. This struct can be specialized for any
+// type that is arrangeable.
+template<class ArrItem, class En = void> struct ArrangeItemTraits_ {
+    static Vec2crd get_translation(const ArrItem &ap)
+    {
+        return ap.get_translation();
+    }
+
+    static double get_rotation(const ArrItem &ap)
+    {
+        return ap.get_rotation();
+    }
+
+    static int get_bed_index(const ArrItem &ap) { return ap.get_bed_index(); }
+
+    static int get_priority(const ArrItem &ap) { return ap.get_priority(); }
+
+    // Setters:
+
+    static void set_translation(ArrItem &ap, const Vec2crd &v)
+    {
+        ap.set_translation(v);
+    }
+
+    static void set_rotation(ArrItem &ap, double v) { ap.set_rotation(v); }
+
+    static void set_bed_index(ArrItem &ap, int v) { ap.set_bed_index(v); }
+};
+
+template<class T> using ArrangeItemTraits = ArrangeItemTraits_<StripCVRef<T>>;
+
+// Getters:
+
+template<class T> Vec2crd get_translation(const T &itm)
+{
+    return ArrangeItemTraits<T>::get_translation(itm);
+}
+
+template<class T> double get_rotation(const T &itm)
+{
+    return ArrangeItemTraits<T>::get_rotation(itm);
+}
+
+template<class T> int get_bed_index(const T &itm)
+{
+    return ArrangeItemTraits<T>::get_bed_index(itm);
+}
+
+template<class T> int get_priority(const T &itm)
+{
+    return ArrangeItemTraits<T>::get_priority(itm);
+}
+
+// Setters:
+
+template<class T> void set_translation(T &itm, const Vec2crd &v)
+{
+    ArrangeItemTraits<T>::set_translation(itm, v);
+}
+
+template<class T> void set_rotation(T &itm, double v)
+{
+    ArrangeItemTraits<T>::set_rotation(itm, v);
+}
+
+template<class T> void set_bed_index(T &itm, int v)
+{
+    ArrangeItemTraits<T>::set_bed_index(itm, v);
+}
+
+// Helper functions for arrange items
+template<class ArrItem> bool is_arranged(const ArrItem &ap)
+{
+    return get_bed_index(ap) > Unarranged;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> bool is_fixed(const ArrItem &ap)
+{
+    return get_bed_index(ap) >= PhysicalBedId;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> bool is_on_physical_bed(const ArrItem &ap)
+{
+    return get_bed_index(ap) == PhysicalBedId;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> void translate(ArrItem &ap, const Vec2crd &t)
+{
+    set_translation(ap, get_translation(ap) + t);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> void rotate(ArrItem &ap, double rads)
+{
+    set_rotation(ap, get_rotation(ap) + rads);
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGE_ITEM_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+
+#include "Beds.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+BoundingBox bounding_box(const InfiniteBed &bed)
+{
+    BoundingBox ret;
+    using C = coord_t;
+
+    // It is important for Mx and My to be strictly less than half of the
+    // range of type C. width(), height() and area() will not overflow this way.
+    C Mx = C((std::numeric_limits<C>::lowest() + 2 * bed.center.x()) / 4.01);
+    C My = C((std::numeric_limits<C>::lowest() + 2 * bed.center.y()) / 4.01);
+
+    ret.max = bed.center - Point{Mx, My};
+    ret.min = bed.center + Point{Mx, My};
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Polygon to_rectangle(const BoundingBox &bb)
+{
+    Polygon ret;
+    ret.points = {
+        bb.min,
+        Point{bb.max.x(), bb.min.y()},
+        bb.max,
+        Point{bb.min.x(), bb.max.y()}
+    };
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Polygon approximate_circle_with_polygon(const arr2::CircleBed &bed, int nedges)
+{
+    Polygon ret;
+
+    double angle_incr = (2 * M_PI) / nedges; // Angle increment for each edge
+    double angle = 0; // Starting angle
+
+    // Loop to generate vertices for each edge
+    for (int i = 0; i < nedges; i++) {
+        // Calculate coordinates of the vertices using trigonometry
+        auto x = bed.center().x() + static_cast<coord_t>(bed.radius() * std::cos(angle));
+        auto y = bed.center().y() + static_cast<coord_t>(bed.radius() * std::sin(angle));
+
+        // Add vertex to the vector
+        ret.points.emplace_back(x, y);
+
+        // Update the angle for the next iteration
+        angle += angle_incr;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+inline coord_t width(const BoundingBox &box)
+{
+    return box.max.x() - box.min.x();
+}
+inline coord_t height(const BoundingBox &box)
+{
+    return box.max.y() - box.min.y();
+}
+inline double poly_area(const Points &pts)
+{
+    return std::abs(Polygon::area(pts));
+}
+inline double distance_to(const Point &p1, const Point &p2)
+{
+    double dx = p2.x() - p1.x();
+    double dy = p2.y() - p1.y();
+    return std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+}
+
+static CircleBed to_circle(const Point &center, const Points &points)
+{
+    std::vector<double> vertex_distances;
+    double              avg_dist = 0;
+
+    for (const Point &pt : points) {
+        double distance = distance_to(center, pt);
+        vertex_distances.push_back(distance);
+        avg_dist += distance;
+    }
+
+    avg_dist /= vertex_distances.size();
+
+    CircleBed ret(center, avg_dist);
+    for (auto el : vertex_distances) {
+        if (std::abs(el - avg_dist) > 10 * SCALED_EPSILON) {
+            ret = {};
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class Fn> auto call_with_bed(const Points &bed, Fn &&fn)
+{
+    if (bed.empty())
+        return fn(InfiniteBed{});
+    else if (bed.size() == 1)
+        return fn(InfiniteBed{bed.front()});
+    else {
+        auto      bb    = BoundingBox(bed);
+        CircleBed circ  = to_circle(bb.center(), bed);
+        auto      parea = poly_area(bed);
+
+        if ((1.0 - parea / area(bb)) < 1e-3) {
+            return fn(RectangleBed{bb});
+        } else if (!std::isnan(circ.radius()) && (1.0 - parea / area(circ)) < 1e-2)
+            return fn(circ);
+        else
+            return fn(IrregularBed{{ExPolygon(bed)}});
+    }
+}
+
+ArrangeBed to_arrange_bed(const Points &bedpts)
+{
+    ArrangeBed ret;
+
+    call_with_bed(bedpts, [&](const auto &bed) { ret = bed; });
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+
+#ifndef BEDS_HPP
+#define BEDS_HPP
+
+#include <numeric>
+
+#include <libslic3r/Point.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/BoundingBox.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/ClipperUtils.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/variant.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// Bed types to be used with arrangement. Most generic bed is a simple polygon
+// with holes, but other special bed types are also valid, like a bed without
+// boundaries, or a special case of a rectangular or circular bed which leaves
+// a lot of room for optimizations.
+
+// Representing an unbounded bed.
+struct InfiniteBed {
+    Point center;
+    explicit InfiniteBed(const Point &p = {0, 0}): center{p} {}
+};
+
+BoundingBox bounding_box(const InfiniteBed &bed);
+
+inline InfiniteBed offset(const InfiniteBed &bed, coord_t) { return bed; }
+
+struct RectangleBed {
+    BoundingBox bb;
+
+    explicit RectangleBed(const BoundingBox &bedbb) : bb{bedbb} {}
+    explicit RectangleBed(coord_t w, coord_t h, Point c = {0, 0}):
+        bb{{c.x() - w / 2, c.y() - h / 2}, {c.x() + w / 2, c.y() + h / 2}}
+    {}
+
+    coord_t width() const { return bb.size().x(); }
+    coord_t height() const { return bb.size().y(); }
+};
+
+inline BoundingBox bounding_box(const RectangleBed &bed) { return bed.bb; }
+inline RectangleBed offset(RectangleBed bed, coord_t v)
+{
+    bed.bb.offset(v);
+    return bed;
+}
+
+Polygon to_rectangle(const BoundingBox &bb);
+
+inline Polygon to_rectangle(const RectangleBed &bed)
+{
+    return to_rectangle(bed.bb);
+}
+
+class CircleBed {
+    Point  m_center;
+    double m_radius;
+
+public:
+    CircleBed(): m_center(0, 0), m_radius(NaNd) {}
+    explicit CircleBed(const Point& c, double r)
+        : m_center(c)
+        , m_radius(r)
+    {}
+
+    double radius() const { return m_radius; }
+    const Point& center() const { return m_center; }
+};
+
+// Function to approximate a circle with a convex polygon
+Polygon approximate_circle_with_polygon(const CircleBed &bed, int nedges = 24);
+
+inline BoundingBox bounding_box(const CircleBed &bed)
+{
+    auto r = static_cast<coord_t>(std::round(bed.radius()));
+    Point R{r, r};
+
+    return {bed.center() - R, bed.center() + R};
+}
+inline CircleBed offset(const CircleBed &bed, coord_t v)
+{
+    return CircleBed{bed.center(), bed.radius() + v};
+}
+
+struct IrregularBed { ExPolygons poly; };
+inline BoundingBox bounding_box(const IrregularBed &bed)
+{
+    return get_extents(bed.poly);
+}
+
+inline IrregularBed offset(IrregularBed bed, coord_t v)
+{
+    bed.poly = offset_ex(bed.poly, v);
+    return bed;
+}
+
+using ArrangeBed =
+    boost::variant<InfiniteBed, RectangleBed, CircleBed, IrregularBed>;
+
+inline BoundingBox bounding_box(const ArrangeBed &bed)
+{
+    BoundingBox ret;
+    auto visitor = [&ret](const auto &b) { ret = bounding_box(b); };
+    boost::apply_visitor(visitor, bed);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+inline ArrangeBed offset(ArrangeBed bed, coord_t v)
+{
+    auto visitor = [v](auto &b) { b = offset(b, v); };
+    boost::apply_visitor(visitor, bed);
+
+    return bed;
+}
+
+inline double area(const BoundingBox &bb)
+{
+    auto bbsz = bb.size();
+    return double(bbsz.x()) * bbsz.y();
+}
+
+inline double area(const RectangleBed &bed)
+{
+    auto bbsz = bed.bb.size();
+    return double(bbsz.x()) * bbsz.y();
+}
+
+inline double area(const InfiniteBed &bed)
+{
+    return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+}
+
+inline double area(const IrregularBed &bed)
+{
+    return std::accumulate(bed.poly.begin(), bed.poly.end(), 0.,
+                           [](double s, auto &p) { return s + p.area(); });
+}
+
+inline double area(const CircleBed &bed)
+{
+    return bed.radius() * bed.radius() * PI;
+}
+
+inline double area(const ArrangeBed &bed)
+{
+    double ret = 0.;
+    auto visitor = [&ret](auto &b) { ret = area(b); };
+    boost::apply_visitor(visitor, bed);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+inline ExPolygons to_expolygons(const InfiniteBed &bed)
+{
+    return {ExPolygon{to_rectangle(RectangleBed{scaled(1000.), scaled(1000.)})}};
+}
+
+inline ExPolygons to_expolygons(const RectangleBed &bed)
+{
+    return {ExPolygon{to_rectangle(bed)}};
+}
+
+inline ExPolygons to_expolygons(const CircleBed &bed)
+{
+    return {ExPolygon{approximate_circle_with_polygon(bed)}};
+}
+
+inline ExPolygons to_expolygons(const IrregularBed &bed) { return bed.poly; }
+
+inline ExPolygons to_expolygons(const ArrangeBed &bed)
+{
+    ExPolygons ret;
+    auto visitor = [&ret](const auto &b) { ret = to_expolygons(b); };
+    boost::apply_visitor(visitor, bed);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+ArrangeBed to_arrange_bed(const Points &bedpts);
+
+} // namespace arr2
+
+inline BoundingBox &bounding_box(BoundingBox &bb) { return bb; }
+inline const BoundingBox &bounding_box(const BoundingBox &bb) { return bb; }
+inline BoundingBox bounding_box(const Polygon &p) { return get_extents(p); }
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // BEDS_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/DataStoreTraits.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+
+#ifndef DATASTORETRAITS_HPP
+#define DATASTORETRAITS_HPP
+
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "libslic3r/libslic3r.h"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// Some items can be containers of arbitrary data stored under string keys.
+template<class ArrItem, class En = void> struct DataStoreTraits_
+{
+    static constexpr bool Implemented = false;
+
+    template<class T> static const T *get(const ArrItem &, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Same as above just not const.
+    template<class T> static T *get(ArrItem &, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static bool has_key(const ArrItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem, class En = void> struct WritableDataStoreTraits_
+{
+    static constexpr bool Implemented = false;
+
+    template<class T> static void set(ArrItem &, const std::string &key, T &&data)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+template<class T> using DataStoreTraits = DataStoreTraits_<StripCVRef<T>>;
+template<class T> constexpr bool IsDataStore = DataStoreTraits<StripCVRef<T>>::Implemented;
+template<class T, class TT = T> using DataStoreOnly = std::enable_if_t<IsDataStore<T>, TT>;
+
+template<class T, class ArrItem>
+const T *get_data(const ArrItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+{
+    return DataStoreTraits<ArrItem>::template get<T>(itm, key);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+bool has_key(const ArrItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+{
+    return DataStoreTraits<ArrItem>::has_key(itm, key);
+}
+
+template<class T, class ArrItem>
+T *get_data(ArrItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+{
+    return DataStoreTraits<ArrItem>::template get<T>(itm, key);
+}
+
+template<class T> using WritableDataStoreTraits = WritableDataStoreTraits_<StripCVRef<T>>;
+template<class T> constexpr bool IsWritableDataStore = WritableDataStoreTraits<StripCVRef<T>>::Implemented;
+template<class T, class TT = T> using WritableDataStoreOnly = std::enable_if_t<IsWritableDataStore<T>, TT>;
+
+template<class T, class ArrItem>
+void set_data(ArrItem &itm, const std::string &key, T &&data)
+{
+    WritableDataStoreTraits<ArrItem>::template set(itm, key, std::forward<T>(data));
+}
+
+template<class T> constexpr bool IsReadWritableDataStore = IsDataStore<T> && IsWritableDataStore<T>;
+template<class T, class TT = T> using ReadWritableDataStoreOnly = std::enable_if_t<IsReadWritableDataStore<T>, TT>;
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // DATASTORETRAITS_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/CircularEdgeIterator.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+
+#ifndef CIRCULAR_EDGEITERATOR_HPP
+#define CIRCULAR_EDGEITERATOR_HPP
+
+#include <libslic3r/Polygon.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/Line.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+// Circular iterator over a polygon yielding individual edges as Line objects
+// if flip_lines is true, the orientation of each line is flipped (not the
+// direction of traversal)
+template<bool flip_lines = false>
+class CircularEdgeIterator_ {
+    const Polygon *m_poly = nullptr;
+    size_t m_i = 0;
+    size_t m_c = 0; // counting how many times the iterator has circled over
+
+public:
+
+    // i: vertex position of first line's starting vertex
+    // poly: target polygon
+    CircularEdgeIterator_(size_t i, const Polygon &poly)
+        : m_poly{&poly}
+        , m_i{!poly.empty() ? i % poly.size() : 0}
+        , m_c{!poly.empty() ? i / poly.size() : 0}
+    {}
+
+    explicit CircularEdgeIterator_ (const Polygon &poly)
+        : CircularEdgeIterator_(0, poly) {}
+
+    using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+    using difference_type   = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type        = Line;
+    using pointer           = Line*;
+    using reference         = Line&;
+
+    CircularEdgeIterator_ & operator++()
+    {
+        assert (m_poly);
+        ++m_i;
+        if (m_i == m_poly->size()) { // faster than modulo (?)
+            m_i = 0;
+            ++m_c;
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    CircularEdgeIterator_ operator++(int)
+    {
+        auto cpy = *this; ++(*this); return cpy;
+    }
+
+    Line operator*() const
+    {
+        size_t nx = m_i == m_poly->size() - 1 ? 0 : m_i + 1;
+        Line ret;
+        if constexpr (flip_lines)
+            ret = Line((*m_poly)[nx], (*m_poly)[m_i]);
+        else
+            ret = Line((*m_poly)[m_i], (*m_poly)[nx]);
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    Line operator->() const { return *(*this); }
+
+    bool operator==(const CircularEdgeIterator_& other) const
+    {
+        return m_i == other.m_i && m_c == other.m_c;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const CircularEdgeIterator_& other) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
+
+    CircularEdgeIterator_& operator +=(size_t dist)
+    {
+        m_i = (m_i + dist) % m_poly->size();
+        m_c = (m_i + (m_c * m_poly->size()) + dist) / m_poly->size();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    CircularEdgeIterator_ operator +(size_t dist)
+    {
+        auto cpy = *this;
+        cpy += dist;
+
+        return cpy;
+    }
+};
+
+using CircularEdgeIterator = CircularEdgeIterator_<>;
+using CircularReverseEdgeIterator = CircularEdgeIterator_<true>;
+
+inline Range<CircularEdgeIterator> line_range(const Polygon &poly)
+{
+    return Range{CircularEdgeIterator{0, poly}, CircularEdgeIterator{poly.size(), poly}};
+}
+
+inline Range<CircularReverseEdgeIterator> line_range_flp(const Polygon &poly)
+{
+    return Range{CircularReverseEdgeIterator{0, poly}, CircularReverseEdgeIterator{poly.size(), poly}};
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // CIRCULAR_EDGEITERATOR_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/EdgeCache.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+
+#include "EdgeCache.hpp"
+#include "CircularEdgeIterator.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+void EdgeCache::create_cache(const ExPolygon &sh)
+{
+    m_contour.distances.reserve(sh.contour.size());
+    m_holes.reserve(sh.holes.size());
+
+    m_contour.poly = &sh.contour;
+
+    fill_distances(sh.contour, m_contour.distances);
+
+    for (const Polygon &hole : sh.holes) {
+        auto &hc = m_holes.emplace_back();
+        hc.poly = &hole;
+        fill_distances(hole, hc.distances);
+    }
+}
+
+Vec2crd EdgeCache::coords(const ContourCache &cache, double distance) const
+{
+    assert(cache.poly);
+    return arr2::coords(*cache.poly, cache.distances, distance);
+}
+
+void EdgeCache::sample_contour(double accuracy, std::vector<ContourLocation> &samples)
+{
+    const auto N = m_contour.distances.size();
+    const auto S = stride(N, accuracy);
+
+    if (N == 0 || S == 0)
+        return;
+
+    samples.reserve(N / S + 1);
+    for(size_t i = 0; i < N; i += S) {
+        samples.emplace_back(
+            ContourLocation{0, m_contour.distances[i] / m_contour.distances.back()});
+    }
+
+    for (size_t hidx = 1; hidx <= m_holes.size(); ++hidx) {
+        auto& hc = m_holes[hidx - 1];
+
+        const auto NH = hc.distances.size();
+        const auto SH = stride(NH, accuracy);
+
+        if (NH == 0 || SH == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        samples.reserve(samples.size() + NH / SH + 1);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < NH; i += SH) {
+            samples.emplace_back(
+                ContourLocation{hidx, hc.distances[i] / hc.distances.back()});
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Vec2crd coords(const Polygon &poly, const std::vector<double> &distances, double distance)
+{
+    assert(poly.size() > 1 && distance >= .0 && distance <= 1.0);
+
+    // distance is from 0.0 to 1.0, we scale it up to the full length of
+    // the circumference
+    double d = distance * distances.back();
+
+    // Magic: we find the right edge in log time
+    auto it = std::lower_bound(distances.begin(), distances.end(), d);
+
+    assert(it != distances.end());
+
+    auto idx  = it - distances.begin(); // get the index of the edge
+    auto &pts = poly.points;
+    auto edge = idx == long(pts.size() - 1) ? Line(pts.back(), pts.front()) :
+                                              Line(pts[idx], pts[idx + 1]);
+
+    // Get the remaining distance on the target edge
+    auto ed = d - (idx > 0 ? *std::prev(it) : 0 );
+
+    double t = ed / edge.length();
+    Vec2d n {double(edge.b.x()) - edge.a.x(), double(edge.b.y()) - edge.a.y()};
+    Vec2crd ret = (edge.a.cast<double>() + t * n).cast<coord_t>();
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void fill_distances(const Polygon &poly, std::vector<double> &distances)
+{
+    distances.reserve(poly.size());
+
+    double dist = 0.;
+    auto lrange = line_range(poly);
+    for (const Line &l : lrange) {
+        dist += l.length();
+        distances.emplace_back(dist);
+    }
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/EdgeCache.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+#ifndef EDGECACHE_HPP
+#define EDGECACHE_HPP
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// Position on the circumference of an ExPolygon.
+// countour_id:  0th is contour, 1..N are holes
+// dist: position given as a floating point number within <0., 1.>
+struct ContourLocation { size_t contour_id; double dist; };
+
+void fill_distances(const Polygon &poly, std::vector<double> &distances);
+
+Vec2crd coords(const Polygon &poly, const std::vector<double>& distances, double distance);
+
+// A class for getting a point on the circumference of the polygon (in log time)
+//
+// This is a transformation of the provided polygon to be able to pinpoint
+// locations on the circumference. The optimizer will pass a floating point
+// value e.g. within <0,1> and we have to transform this value quickly into a
+// coordinate on the circumference. By definition 0 should yield the first
+// vertex and 1.0 would be the last (which should coincide with first).
+//
+// We also have to make this work for the holes of the captured polygon.
+class EdgeCache {
+    struct ContourCache {
+        const Polygon *poly;
+        std::vector<double> distances;
+    } m_contour;
+
+    std::vector<ContourCache> m_holes;
+
+    void create_cache(const ExPolygon& sh);
+
+    Vec2crd coords(const ContourCache& cache, double distance) const;
+
+public:
+
+    explicit EdgeCache(const ExPolygon *sh)
+    {
+        create_cache(*sh);
+    }
+
+    // Given coeff for accuracy <0., 1.>, return the number of vertices to skip
+    // when fetching corners.
+    static inline size_t stride(const size_t N, double accuracy)
+    {
+        size_t n = std::max(size_t{1}, N);
+        return static_cast<coord_t>(
+            std::round(N / std::pow(n, std::pow(accuracy, 1./3.)))
+            );
+    }
+
+    void sample_contour(double accuracy, std::vector<ContourLocation> &samples);
+
+    Vec2crd coords(const ContourLocation &loc) const
+    {
+        assert(loc.contour_id <= m_holes.size());
+
+        return loc.contour_id > 0 ?
+                   coords(m_holes[loc.contour_id - 1], loc.dist) :
+                   coords(m_contour, loc.dist);
+    }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // EDGECACHE_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/CompactifyKernel.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+
+#ifndef COMPACTIFYKERNEL_HPP
+#define COMPACTIFYKERNEL_HPP
+
+#include <numeric>
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp"
+
+#include <libslic3r/Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/ClipperUtils.hpp>
+
+#include "KernelUtils.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+struct CompactifyKernel {
+    ExPolygons merged_pile;
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    double placement_fitness(const ArrItem &itm, const Vec2crd &transl) const
+    {
+        auto pile = merged_pile;
+
+        ExPolygons itm_tr = to_expolygons(envelope_outline(itm));
+        for (auto &p : itm_tr)
+            p.translate(transl);
+
+        append(pile, std::move(itm_tr));
+
+        pile = union_ex(pile);
+
+        Polygon chull = Geometry::convex_hull(pile);
+
+        return -(chull.area());
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class Context, class RemIt>
+    bool on_start_packing(ArrItem &itm,
+                          const Bed &bed,
+                          const Context &packing_context,
+                          const Range<RemIt> & /*remaining_items*/)
+    {
+        bool ret = find_initial_position(itm, bounding_box(bed).center(), bed,
+                                         packing_context);
+
+        merged_pile.clear();
+        for (const auto &gitm : all_items_range(packing_context)) {
+            append(merged_pile, to_expolygons(fixed_outline(gitm)));
+        }
+        merged_pile = union_ex(merged_pile);
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    bool on_item_packed(ArrItem &itm) { return true; }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // COMPACTIFYKERNEL_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/GravityKernel.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+
+#ifndef GRAVITYKERNEL_HPP
+#define GRAVITYKERNEL_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp"
+
+#include "KernelUtils.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+struct GravityKernel {
+    std::optional<Vec2crd> sink;
+    std::optional<Vec2crd> item_sink;
+    Vec2d active_sink;
+
+    GravityKernel(Vec2crd gravity_center) : sink{gravity_center} {}
+    GravityKernel() = default;
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    double placement_fitness(const ArrItem &itm, const Vec2crd &transl) const
+    {
+        Vec2d center = unscaled(envelope_centroid(itm));
+
+        center += unscaled(transl);
+
+        return - (center - active_sink).squaredNorm();
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class Ctx, class RemIt>
+    bool on_start_packing(ArrItem &itm,
+                          const Bed &bed,
+                          const Ctx &packing_context,
+                          const Range<RemIt> & /*remaining_items*/)
+    {
+        bool ret = false;
+
+        item_sink = get_gravity_sink(itm);
+
+        if (!sink) {
+            sink = bounding_box(bed).center();
+        }
+
+        if (item_sink)
+            active_sink = unscaled(*item_sink);
+        else
+            active_sink = unscaled(*sink);
+
+        ret = find_initial_position(itm, scaled(active_sink), bed, packing_context);
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem> bool on_item_packed(ArrItem &itm) { return true; }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // GRAVITYKERNEL_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/KernelTraits.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+
+#ifndef KERNELTRAITS_HPP
+#define KERNELTRAITS_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// An arrangement kernel that specifies the object function to the arrangement
+// optimizer and additional callback functions to be able to track the state
+// of the arranged pile during arrangement.
+template<class Kernel, class En = void> struct KernelTraits_
+{
+    // Has to return a score value marking the quality of the arrangement. The
+    // higher this value is, the better a particular placement of the item is.
+    // parameter transl is the translation needed for the item to be moved to
+    // the candidate position.
+    // To discard the item, return NaN as score for every translation.
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    static double placement_fitness(const Kernel  &k,
+                                    const ArrItem &itm,
+                                    const Vec2crd &transl)
+    {
+        return k.placement_fitness(itm, transl);
+    }
+
+    // Called whenever a new item is about to be processed by the optimizer.
+    // The current state of the arrangement can be saved by the kernel: the
+    // already placed items and the remaining items that need to fit into a
+    // particular bed.
+    // Returns true if the item is can be packed immediately, false if it
+    // should be processed further. This way, a kernel have the power to
+    // choose an initial position for the item that is not on the NFP.
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class Ctx, class RemIt>
+    static bool on_start_packing(Kernel &k,
+                                 ArrItem &itm,
+                                 const Bed &bed,
+                                 const Ctx &packing_context,
+                                 const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items)
+    {
+        return k.on_start_packing(itm, bed, packing_context, remaining_items);
+    }
+
+    // Called when an item has been succesfully packed. itm should have the
+    // final translation and rotation already set.
+    // Can return false to discard the item after the optimization.
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    static bool on_item_packed(Kernel &k, ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return k.on_item_packed(itm);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class K> using KernelTraits = KernelTraits_<StripCVRef<K>>;
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // KERNELTRAITS_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/KernelUtils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGEKERNELUTILS_HPP
+#define ARRANGEKERNELUTILS_HPP
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/DataStoreTraits.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+template<class Itm, class Bed, class Context>
+bool find_initial_position(Itm &itm,
+                           const Vec2crd &sink,
+                           const Bed &bed,
+                           const Context &packing_context)
+{
+    bool ret = false;
+
+    if constexpr (std::is_convertible_v<Bed, RectangleBed> ||
+                  std::is_convertible_v<Bed, InfiniteBed> ||
+                  std::is_convertible_v<Bed, CircleBed>)
+    {
+        if (all_items_range(packing_context).empty()) {
+            auto rotations = allowed_rotations(itm);
+            auto chull     = envelope_convex_hull(itm);
+
+            for (double rot : rotations) {
+                auto chullcpy = chull;
+                chullcpy.rotate(rot);
+                auto bbitm = bounding_box(chullcpy);
+
+                Vec2crd cb = sink;
+                Vec2crd ci = bbitm.center();
+
+                Vec2crd d = cb - ci;
+                bbitm.translate(d);
+
+                if (bounding_box(bed).contains(bbitm)) {
+                    rotate(itm, rot);
+                    translate(itm, d);
+                    ret = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> std::optional<Vec2crd> get_gravity_sink(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    constexpr const char * SinkKey = "sink";
+
+    std::optional<Vec2crd> ret;
+
+    auto ptr = get_data<Vec2crd>(itm, SinkKey);
+
+    if (ptr)
+        ret = *ptr;
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> bool is_wipe_tower(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    constexpr const char * Key = "is_wipe_tower";
+
+    return has_key(itm, Key);
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGEKERNELUTILS_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/RectangleOverfitKernelWrapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+
+#ifndef RECTANGLEOVERFITKERNELWRAPPER_HPP
+#define RECTANGLEOVERFITKERNELWRAPPER_HPP
+
+#include "KernelTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// This is a kernel wrapper that will apply a penality to the object function
+// if the result cannot fit into the given rectangular bounds. This can be used
+// to arrange into rectangular boundaries without calculating the IFP of the
+// rectangle bed. Note that after the arrangement, what is garanteed is that
+// the resulting pile will fit into the rectangular boundaries, but it will not
+// be within the given rectangle. The items need to be moved afterwards manually.
+// Use RectangeOverfitPackingStrategy to automate this post process step.
+template<class Kernel>
+struct RectangleOverfitKernelWrapper {
+    Kernel &k;
+    BoundingBox binbb;
+    BoundingBox pilebb;
+
+    RectangleOverfitKernelWrapper(Kernel &kern, const BoundingBox &limits)
+        : k{kern}
+          , binbb{limits}
+    {}
+
+    double overfit(const BoundingBox &itmbb) const
+    {
+        auto fullbb = pilebb;
+        fullbb.merge(itmbb);
+        auto fullbbsz = fullbb.size();
+        auto binbbsz  = binbb.size();
+
+        auto wdiff = fullbbsz.x() - binbbsz.x() - SCALED_EPSILON;
+        auto hdiff = fullbbsz.y() - binbbsz.y() - SCALED_EPSILON;
+        double miss = .0;
+        if (wdiff > 0)
+            miss += double(wdiff);
+        if (hdiff > 0)
+            miss += double(hdiff);
+
+        miss = miss > 0? miss : 0;
+
+        return miss;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    double placement_fitness(const ArrItem &item, const Vec2crd &transl) const
+    {
+        double score = KernelTraits<Kernel>::placement_fitness(k, item, transl);
+
+        auto itmbb = envelope_bounding_box(item);
+        itmbb.translate(transl);
+        double miss = overfit(itmbb);
+        score -= miss * miss;
+
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class Ctx, class RemIt>
+    bool on_start_packing(ArrItem &itm,
+                          const Bed &bed,
+                          const Ctx &packing_context,
+                          const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items)
+    {
+        pilebb = BoundingBox{};
+
+        for (auto &fitm : all_items_range(packing_context))
+            pilebb.merge(fixed_bounding_box(fitm));
+
+        return KernelTraits<Kernel>::on_start_packing(k, itm, RectangleBed{binbb},
+                                                      packing_context,
+                                                      remaining_items);
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    bool on_item_packed(ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        bool ret = KernelTraits<Kernel>::on_item_packed(k, itm);
+
+        double miss = overfit(envelope_bounding_box(itm));
+
+        if (miss > 0.)
+            ret = false;
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // RECTANGLEOVERFITKERNELWRAPPER_H

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/SVGDebugOutputKernelWrapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+
+#ifndef SVGDEBUGOUTPUTKERNELWRAPPER_HPP
+#define SVGDEBUGOUTPUTKERNELWRAPPER_HPP
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "KernelTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/PackingContext.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp"
+
+#include <libslic3r/SVG.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+template<class Kernel>
+struct SVGDebugOutputKernelWrapper {
+    Kernel &k;
+    std::unique_ptr<Slic3r::SVG> svg;
+    BoundingBox drawbounds;
+
+    template<class... Args>
+    SVGDebugOutputKernelWrapper(const BoundingBox &bounds, Kernel &kern)
+        : k{kern}, drawbounds{bounds}
+    {}
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class Context, class RemIt>
+    bool on_start_packing(ArrItem &itm,
+                          const Bed &bed,
+                          const Context &packing_context,
+                          const Range<RemIt> &rem)
+    {
+        using namespace Slic3r;
+
+        bool ret = KernelTraits<Kernel>::on_start_packing(k, itm, bed,
+                                                          packing_context,
+                                                          rem);
+
+        if (arr2::get_bed_index(itm) < 0)
+            return ret;
+
+        svg.reset();
+        auto bounds = drawbounds;
+        auto fixed = all_items_range(packing_context);
+        svg = std::make_unique<SVG>(std::string("arrange_bed") +
+                                        std::to_string(
+                                            arr2::get_bed_index(itm)) +
+                                        "_" + std::to_string(fixed.size()) +
+                                        ".svg",
+                                    bounds, 0, false);
+
+        svg->draw(ExPolygon{arr2::to_rectangle(drawbounds)}, "blue", .2f);
+
+        auto nfp = calculate_nfp(itm, packing_context, bed);
+        svg->draw_outline(nfp);
+        svg->draw(nfp, "green", 0.2f);
+
+        for (const auto &fixeditm : fixed) {
+            ExPolygons fixeditm_outline = to_expolygons(fixed_outline(fixeditm));
+            svg->draw_outline(fixeditm_outline);
+            svg->draw(fixeditm_outline, "yellow", 0.5f);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    double placement_fitness(const ArrItem &item, const Vec2crd &transl) const
+    {
+        return KernelTraits<Kernel>::placement_fitness(k, item, transl);
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    bool on_item_packed(ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        using namespace Slic3r;
+        using namespace Slic3r::arr2;
+
+        bool ret = KernelTraits<Kernel>::on_item_packed(k, itm);
+
+        if (svg) {
+            ExPolygons itm_outline = to_expolygons(fixed_outline(itm));
+
+            svg->draw_outline(itm_outline);
+            svg->draw(itm_outline, "grey");
+
+            svg->Close();
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // SVGDEBUGOUTPUTKERNELWRAPPER_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/TMArrangeKernel.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+
+#ifndef TMARRANGEKERNEL_HPP
+#define TMARRANGEKERNEL_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp"
+
+#include "KernelUtils.hpp"
+
+#include <boost/geometry/index/rtree.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/BoostAdapter.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// Summon the spatial indexing facilities from boost
+namespace bgi = boost::geometry::index;
+using SpatElement = std::pair<BoundingBox, unsigned>;
+using SpatIndex = bgi::rtree<SpatElement, bgi::rstar<16, 4> >;
+
+class TMArrangeKernel {
+    SpatIndex   m_rtree;        // spatial index for the normal (bigger) objects
+    SpatIndex   m_smallsrtree;  // spatial index for only the smaller items
+    BoundingBox m_pilebb;
+    double      m_bin_area = NaNd;
+    double      m_norm;
+    size_t      m_rem_cnt = 0;
+    size_t      m_item_cnt = 0;
+
+
+    struct ItemStats { double area = 0.; BoundingBox bb; };
+    std::vector<ItemStats> m_itemstats;
+
+    // A coefficient used in separating bigger items and smaller items.
+    static constexpr double BigItemTreshold = 0.02;
+
+    template<class T> ArithmeticOnly<T, double> norm(T val) const
+    {
+        return double(val) / m_norm;
+    }
+
+    // Treat big items (compared to the print bed) differently
+    bool is_big(double a) const { return a / m_bin_area > BigItemTreshold; }
+
+protected:
+    std::optional<Point> sink;
+    std::optional<Point> item_sink;
+    Point                active_sink;
+
+    const BoundingBox & pilebb() const { return m_pilebb; }
+
+public:
+    TMArrangeKernel() = default;
+    TMArrangeKernel(Vec2crd gravity_center, size_t itm_cnt, double bedarea = NaNd)
+        : sink{gravity_center}
+        , m_bin_area(bedarea)
+        , m_item_cnt{itm_cnt}
+    {}
+
+    TMArrangeKernel(size_t itm_cnt, double bedarea = NaNd)
+        : m_bin_area(bedarea), m_item_cnt{itm_cnt}
+    {}
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    double placement_fitness(const ArrItem &item, const Vec2crd &transl) const
+    {
+        // Candidate item bounding box
+        auto ibb = envelope_bounding_box(item);
+        ibb.translate(transl);
+        auto itmcntr = envelope_centroid(item);
+        itmcntr += transl;
+
+        // Calculate the full bounding box of the pile with the candidate item
+        auto fullbb = m_pilebb;
+        fullbb.merge(ibb);
+
+        // The bounding box of the big items (they will accumulate in the center
+        // of the pile
+        BoundingBox bigbb;
+        if(m_rtree.empty()) {
+            bigbb = fullbb;
+        }
+        else {
+            auto boostbb = m_rtree.bounds();
+            boost::geometry::convert(boostbb, bigbb);
+        }
+
+        // Will hold the resulting score
+        double score = 0;
+
+        // Density is the pack density: how big is the arranged pile
+        double density = 0;
+
+        // Distinction of cases for the arrangement scene
+        enum e_cases {
+            // This branch is for big items in a mixed (big and small) scene
+            // OR for all items in a small-only scene.
+            BIG_ITEM,
+
+            // This branch is for the last big item in a mixed scene
+            LAST_BIG_ITEM,
+
+            // For small items in a mixed scene.
+            SMALL_ITEM,
+
+            WIPE_TOWER,
+        } compute_case;
+
+        bool is_wt = is_wipe_tower(item);
+        bool bigitems = is_big(envelope_area(item)) || m_rtree.empty();
+        if (is_wt)
+            compute_case = WIPE_TOWER;
+        else if (bigitems && m_rem_cnt > 0)
+            compute_case = BIG_ITEM;
+        else if (bigitems && m_rem_cnt == 0)
+            compute_case = LAST_BIG_ITEM;
+        else
+            compute_case = SMALL_ITEM;
+
+        switch (compute_case) {
+        case WIPE_TOWER: {
+            score = (unscaled(itmcntr) - unscaled(active_sink)).squaredNorm();
+            break;
+        }
+        case BIG_ITEM: {
+            const Point& minc = ibb.min; // bottom left corner
+            const Point& maxc = ibb.max; // top right corner
+
+            // top left and bottom right corners
+            Point top_left{minc.x(), maxc.y()};
+            Point bottom_right{maxc.x(), minc.y()};
+
+            // Now the distance of the gravity center will be calculated to the
+            // five anchor points and the smallest will be chosen.
+            std::array<double, 5> dists;
+            auto cc = fullbb.center(); // The gravity center
+            dists[0] = (minc - cc).cast<double>().norm();
+            dists[1] = (maxc - cc).cast<double>().norm();
+            dists[2] = (itmcntr - cc).template cast<double>().norm();
+            dists[3] = (top_left - cc).cast<double>().norm();
+            dists[4] = (bottom_right - cc).cast<double>().norm();
+
+            // The smalles distance from the arranged pile center:
+            double dist = norm(*(std::min_element(dists.begin(), dists.end())));
+            double bindist = norm((ibb.center() - active_sink).template cast<double>().norm());
+            dist = 0.8 * dist + 0.2 * bindist;
+
+            // Prepare a variable for the alignment score.
+            // This will indicate: how well is the candidate item
+            // aligned with its neighbors. We will check the alignment
+            // with all neighbors and return the score for the best
+            // alignment. So it is enough for the candidate to be
+            // aligned with only one item.
+            auto alignment_score = 1.0;
+
+            auto query = bgi::intersects(ibb);
+            auto& index = is_big(envelope_area(item)) ? m_rtree : m_smallsrtree;
+
+            // Query the spatial index for the neighbors
+            std::vector<SpatElement> result;
+            result.reserve(index.size());
+
+            index.query(query, std::back_inserter(result));
+
+            // now get the score for the best alignment
+            for(auto& e : result) {
+                auto idx = e.second;
+                const ItemStats& p = m_itemstats[idx];
+                auto parea = p.area;
+                if(std::abs(1.0 - parea / fixed_area(item)) < 1e-6) {
+                    auto bb = p.bb;
+                    bb.merge(ibb);
+                    auto bbarea = area(bb);
+                    auto ascore = 1.0 - (fixed_area(item) + parea) / bbarea;
+
+                    if(ascore < alignment_score)
+                        alignment_score = ascore;
+                }
+            }
+
+            auto fullbbsz = fullbb.size();
+            density = std::sqrt(norm(fullbbsz.x()) * norm(fullbbsz.y()));
+            double R = double(m_rem_cnt) / (m_item_cnt);
+
+            // The final mix of the score is the balance between the
+            // distance from the full pile center, the pack density and
+            // the alignment with the neighbors
+            if (result.empty())
+                score = 0.50 * dist + 0.50 * density;
+            else
+                // Let the density matter more when fewer objects remain
+                score = 0.50 * dist + (1.0 - R) * 0.20 * density +
+                        0.30 * alignment_score;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case LAST_BIG_ITEM: {
+            score = norm((itmcntr - m_pilebb.center()).template cast<double>().norm());
+            break;
+        }
+        case SMALL_ITEM: {
+            // Here there are the small items that should be placed around the
+            // already processed bigger items.
+            // No need to play around with the anchor points, the center will be
+            // just fine for small items
+            score = norm((itmcntr - bigbb.center()).template cast<double>().norm());
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+
+        return -score;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class Context, class RemIt>
+    bool on_start_packing(ArrItem &itm,
+                          const Bed &bed,
+                          const Context &packing_context,
+                          const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items)
+    {
+        item_sink = get_gravity_sink(itm);
+
+        if (!sink) {
+            sink = bounding_box(bed).center();
+        }
+
+        if (item_sink)
+            active_sink = *item_sink;
+        else
+            active_sink = *sink;
+
+        auto fixed = all_items_range(packing_context);
+
+        bool ret = find_initial_position(itm, active_sink, bed, packing_context);
+
+        m_rem_cnt = remaining_items.size();
+
+        if (m_item_cnt == 0)
+            m_item_cnt = m_rem_cnt + fixed.size() + 1;
+
+        if (std::isnan(m_bin_area))
+            m_bin_area = area(bed);
+
+        m_norm = std::sqrt(m_bin_area);
+
+        m_itemstats.clear();
+        m_itemstats.reserve(fixed.size());
+        m_rtree.clear();
+        m_smallsrtree.clear();
+        m_pilebb = {};
+        unsigned idx = 0;
+        for (auto &fixitem : fixed) {
+            auto fixitmbb = fixed_bounding_box(fixitem);
+            m_itemstats.emplace_back(ItemStats{fixed_area(fixitem), fixitmbb});
+            m_pilebb.merge(fixitmbb);
+
+            if(is_big(fixed_area(fixitem)))
+                m_rtree.insert({fixitmbb, idx});
+
+            m_smallsrtree.insert({fixitmbb, idx});
+            idx++;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    bool on_item_packed(ArrItem &itm) { return true; }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // TMARRANGEKERNEL_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFP.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+
+#ifndef NFP_CPP
+#define NFP_CPP
+
+#include "NFP.hpp"
+#include "CircularEdgeIterator.hpp"
+
+#include "NFPConcave_Tesselate.hpp"
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
+namespace Slic3r { using LargeInt = __int128; }
+#else
+#include <boost/multiprecision/integer.hpp>
+namespace Slic3r { using LargeInt = boost::multiprecision::int128_t; }
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/rational.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+static bool line_cmp(const Line& e1, const Line& e2)
+{
+    using Ratio = boost::rational<LargeInt>;
+
+    const Vec<2, int64_t> ax(1, 0); // Unit vector for the X axis
+
+    Vec<2, int64_t> p1 = (e1.b - e1.a).cast<int64_t>();
+    Vec<2, int64_t> p2 = (e2.b - e2.a).cast<int64_t>();
+
+    // Quadrant mapping array. The quadrant of a vector can be determined
+    // from the dot product of the vector and its perpendicular pair
+    // with the unit vector X axis. The products will carry the values
+    // lcos = dot(p, ax) = l * cos(phi) and
+    // lsin = -dotperp(p, ax) = l * sin(phi) where
+    // l is the length of vector p. From the signs of these values we can
+    // construct an index which has the sign of lcos as MSB and the
+    // sign of lsin as LSB. This index can be used to retrieve the actual
+    // quadrant where vector p resides using the following map:
+    // (+ is 0, - is 1)
+    // cos | sin | decimal | quadrant
+    //  +  |  +  |    0    |    0
+    //  +  |  -  |    1    |    3
+    //  -  |  +  |    2    |    1
+    //  -  |  -  |    3    |    2
+    std::array<int, 4> quadrants {0, 3, 1, 2 };
+
+    std::array<int, 2> q {0, 0}; // Quadrant indices for p1 and p2
+
+    using TDots = std::array<int64_t, 2>;
+    TDots lcos { p1.dot(ax), p2.dot(ax) };
+    TDots lsin { -dotperp(p1, ax), -dotperp(p2, ax) };
+
+    // Construct the quadrant indices for p1 and p2
+    for(size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (lcos[i] == 0)
+            q[i] = lsin[i] > 0 ? 1 : 3;
+        else if (lsin[i] == 0)
+            q[i] = lcos[i] > 0 ? 0 : 2;
+        else
+            q[i] = quadrants[((lcos[i] < 0) << 1) + (lsin[i] < 0)];
+    }
+
+    if (q[0] == q[1]) { // only bother if p1 and p2 are in the same quadrant
+        auto lsq1 = p1.squaredNorm();     // squared magnitudes, avoid sqrt
+        auto lsq2 = p2.squaredNorm();     // squared magnitudes, avoid sqrt
+
+        // We will actually compare l^2 * cos^2(phi) which saturates the
+        // cos function. But with the quadrant info we can get the sign back
+        int sign = q[0] == 1 || q[0] == 2 ? -1 : 1;
+
+        // If Ratio is an actual rational type, there is no precision loss
+        auto pcos1 = Ratio(lcos[0]) / lsq1 * sign * lcos[0];
+        auto pcos2 = Ratio(lcos[1]) / lsq2 * sign * lcos[1];
+
+        return q[0] < 2 ? pcos1 > pcos2 : pcos1 < pcos2;
+    }
+
+    // If in different quadrants, compare the quadrant indices only.
+    return q[0] < q[1];
+}
+
+static inline bool vsort(const Vec2crd& v1, const Vec2crd& v2)
+{
+    return v1.y() == v2.y() ? v1.x() < v2.x() : v1.y() < v2.y();
+}
+
+ExPolygons ifp_convex(const arr2::RectangleBed &obed, const Polygon &convexpoly)
+{
+    ExPolygon ret;
+
+    auto sbox = bounding_box(convexpoly);
+    auto sboxsize = sbox.size();
+    coord_t sheight = sboxsize.y();
+    coord_t swidth  = sboxsize.x();
+    Point   sliding_top = reference_vertex(convexpoly);
+    auto    leftOffset   = sliding_top.x() - sbox.min.x();
+    auto    rightOffset  = sliding_top.x() - sbox.max.x();
+    coord_t topOffset    = 0;
+    auto    bottomOffset = sheight;
+
+    auto bedbb = obed.bb;
+//    bedbb.offset(1);
+    auto bedsz = bedbb.size();
+    auto boxWidth  = bedsz.x();
+    auto boxHeight = bedsz.y();
+
+    auto bedMinx = bedbb.min.x();
+    auto bedMiny = bedbb.min.y();
+    auto bedMaxx = bedbb.max.x();
+    auto bedMaxy = bedbb.max.y();
+
+    Polygon innerNfp{ Point{bedMinx + leftOffset, bedMaxy + topOffset},
+                      Point{bedMaxx + rightOffset, bedMaxy + topOffset},
+                      Point{bedMaxx + rightOffset, bedMiny + bottomOffset},
+                      Point{bedMinx + leftOffset, bedMiny + bottomOffset},
+                      Point{bedMinx + leftOffset, bedMaxy + topOffset} };
+
+    if (sheight <= boxHeight && swidth <= boxWidth)
+        ret.contour = std::move(innerNfp);
+
+    return {ret};
+}
+
+Polygon ifp_convex_convex(const Polygon &fixed, const Polygon &movable)
+{
+    auto subnfps = reserve_polygons(fixed.size());
+
+    // For each edge of the bed polygon, determine the nfp of convexpoly and
+    // the zero area polygon formed by the edge. The union of all these sub-nfps
+    // will contain a hole that is the actual ifp.
+    auto lrange = line_range(fixed);
+    for (const Line &l : lrange) { // Older mac compilers generate warnging if line_range is called in-place
+        Polygon fixed = {l.a, l.b};
+        subnfps.emplace_back(nfp_convex_convex_legacy(fixed, movable));
+    }
+
+    // Do the union and then keep only the holes (should be only one or zero, if
+    // the convexpoly cannot fit into the bed)
+    Polygons ifp = union_(subnfps);
+    Polygon ret;
+
+    // find the first hole
+    auto it = std::find_if(ifp.begin(), ifp.end(), [](const Polygon &subifp){
+        return subifp.is_clockwise();
+    });
+
+    if (it != ifp.end()) {
+        ret = std::move(*it);
+        std::reverse(ret.begin(), ret.end());
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+ExPolygons ifp_convex(const arr2::CircleBed &bed, const Polygon &convexpoly)
+{
+    Polygon circle = approximate_circle_with_polygon(bed);
+
+    return {ExPolygon{ifp_convex_convex(circle, convexpoly)}};
+}
+
+ExPolygons ifp_convex(const arr2::IrregularBed &bed, const Polygon &convexpoly)
+{
+    auto bb = get_extents(bed.poly);
+    bb.offset(scaled(1.));
+
+    Polygon rect = arr2::to_rectangle(bb);
+
+    ExPolygons blueprint = diff_ex(rect, bed.poly);
+    Polygons ifp;
+    for (const ExPolygon &part : blueprint) {
+        Polygons triangles = Slic3r::convex_decomposition_tess(part);
+        for (const Polygon &tr : triangles) {
+            Polygon subifp = nfp_convex_convex_legacy(tr, convexpoly);
+            ifp.emplace_back(std::move(subifp));
+        }
+    }
+
+    ifp = union_(ifp);
+
+    Polygons ret;
+
+    std::copy_if(ifp.begin(), ifp.end(), std::back_inserter(ret),
+                 [](const Polygon &p) { return p.is_clockwise(); });
+
+    for (Polygon &p : ret)
+        std::reverse(p.begin(), p.end());
+
+    return to_expolygons(ret);
+}
+
+Vec2crd reference_vertex(const Polygon &poly)
+{
+    Vec2crd ret{std::numeric_limits<coord_t>::min(),
+                std::numeric_limits<coord_t>::min()};
+
+    auto it = std::max_element(poly.points.begin(), poly.points.end(), vsort);
+    if (it != poly.points.end())
+        ret = std::max(ret, static_cast<const Vec2crd &>(*it), vsort);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Vec2crd reference_vertex(const ExPolygon &expoly)
+{
+    return reference_vertex(expoly.contour);
+}
+
+Vec2crd reference_vertex(const Polygons &outline)
+{
+    Vec2crd ret{std::numeric_limits<coord_t>::min(),
+                std::numeric_limits<coord_t>::min()};
+
+    for (const Polygon &poly : outline)
+        ret = std::max(ret, reference_vertex(poly), vsort);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Vec2crd reference_vertex(const ExPolygons &outline)
+{
+    Vec2crd ret{std::numeric_limits<coord_t>::min(),
+                std::numeric_limits<coord_t>::min()};
+
+    for (const ExPolygon &expoly : outline)
+        ret = std::max(ret, reference_vertex(expoly), vsort);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Vec2crd min_vertex(const Polygon &poly)
+{
+    Vec2crd ret{std::numeric_limits<coord_t>::max(),
+                std::numeric_limits<coord_t>::max()};
+
+    auto it = std::min_element(poly.points.begin(), poly.points.end(), vsort);
+    if (it != poly.points.end())
+        ret = std::min(ret, static_cast<const Vec2crd&>(*it), vsort);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+// Find the vertex corresponding to the edge with minimum angle to X axis.
+// Only usable with CircularEdgeIterator<> template.
+template<class It> It find_min_anglex_edge(It from)
+{
+    bool found = false;
+    auto it = from;
+    while (!found ) {
+        found = !line_cmp(*it, *std::next(it));
+        ++it;
+    }
+
+    return it;
+}
+
+// Only usable if both fixed and movable polygon is convex. In that case,
+// their edges are already sorted by angle to X axis, only the starting
+// (lowest X axis) edge needs to be found first.
+void nfp_convex_convex(const Polygon &fixed, const Polygon &movable, Polygon &poly)
+{
+    if (fixed.empty() || movable.empty())
+        return;
+
+    // Clear poly and adjust its capacity. Nothing happens if poly is
+    // already sufficiently large and and empty.
+    poly.clear();
+    poly.points.reserve(fixed.size() + movable.size());
+
+    // Find starting positions on the fixed and moving polygons
+    auto it_fx = find_min_anglex_edge(CircularEdgeIterator{fixed});
+    auto it_mv = find_min_anglex_edge(CircularReverseEdgeIterator{movable});
+
+    // End positions are at the same vertex after completing one full circle
+    auto end_fx = it_fx + fixed.size();
+    auto end_mv = it_mv + movable.size();
+
+    // Pos zero is just fine as starting point:
+    poly.points.emplace_back(0, 0);
+
+    // Output iterator adapter for std::merge
+    struct OutItAdaptor {
+        using value_type [[maybe_unused]] = Line;
+        using difference_type [[maybe_unused]] = std::ptrdiff_t;
+        using pointer [[maybe_unused]] = Line*;
+        using reference [[maybe_unused]] = Line& ;
+        using iterator_category [[maybe_unused]] = std::output_iterator_tag;
+
+        Polygon *outpoly;
+        OutItAdaptor(Polygon &out) : outpoly{&out} {}
+
+        OutItAdaptor &operator *() { return *this; }
+        void operator=(const Line &l)
+        {
+            // Yielding l.b, offsetted so that l.a touches the last vertex in
+            // in outpoly
+            outpoly->points.emplace_back(l.b + outpoly->back() - l.a);
+        }
+
+        OutItAdaptor& operator++() { return *this; };
+    };
+
+    // Use std algo to merge the edges from the two polygons
+    std::merge(it_fx, end_fx, it_mv, end_mv, OutItAdaptor{poly}, line_cmp);
+}
+
+Polygon nfp_convex_convex(const Polygon &fixed, const Polygon &movable)
+{
+    Polygon ret;
+    nfp_convex_convex(fixed, movable, ret);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void buildPolygon(const std::vector<Line>& edgelist,
+                         Polygon& rpoly,
+                         Point& top_nfp)
+{
+    auto& rsh = rpoly.points;
+
+    rsh.reserve(2 * edgelist.size());
+
+    // Add the two vertices from the first edge into the final polygon.
+    rsh.emplace_back(edgelist.front().a);
+    rsh.emplace_back(edgelist.front().b);
+
+    // Sorting function for the nfp reference vertex search
+
+    // the reference (rightmost top) vertex so far
+    top_nfp = *std::max_element(std::cbegin(rsh), std::cend(rsh), vsort);
+
+    auto tmp = std::next(std::begin(rsh));
+
+    // Construct final nfp by placing each edge to the end of the previous
+    for(auto eit = std::next(edgelist.begin()); eit != edgelist.end(); ++eit) {
+        auto d = *tmp - eit->a;
+        Vec2crd p = eit->b + d;
+
+        rsh.emplace_back(p);
+
+        // Set the new reference vertex
+        if (vsort(top_nfp, p))
+            top_nfp = p;
+
+        tmp = std::next(tmp);
+    }
+}
+
+Polygon nfp_convex_convex_legacy(const Polygon &fixed, const Polygon &movable)
+{
+    assert (!fixed.empty());
+    assert (!movable.empty());
+
+    Polygon rsh;   // Final nfp placeholder
+    Point   max_nfp;
+    std::vector<Line> edgelist;
+
+    auto cap = fixed.points.size() + movable.points.size();
+
+    // Reserve the needed memory
+    edgelist.reserve(cap);
+    rsh.points.reserve(cap);
+
+    auto add_edge = [&edgelist](const Point &v1, const Point &v2) {
+        Line e{v1, v2};
+        if ((e.b - e.a).cast<int64_t>().squaredNorm() > 0)
+            edgelist.emplace_back(e);
+    };
+
+    Point max_fixed = fixed.points.front();
+    { // place all edges from fixed into edgelist
+        auto first = std::cbegin(fixed);
+        auto next = std::next(first);
+
+        while(next != std::cend(fixed)) {
+            add_edge(*(first), *(next));
+            max_fixed = std::max(max_fixed, *first, vsort);
+
+            ++first; ++next;
+        }
+
+        add_edge(*std::crbegin(fixed), *std::cbegin(fixed));
+        max_fixed = std::max(max_fixed, *std::crbegin(fixed), vsort);
+    }
+
+    Point max_movable = movable.points.front();
+    Point min_movable = movable.points.front();
+    { // place all edges from movable into edgelist
+        auto first = std::cbegin(movable);
+        auto next = std::next(first);
+
+        while(next != std::cend(movable)) {
+            add_edge(*(next), *(first));
+            min_movable = std::min(min_movable, *first, vsort);
+            max_movable = std::max(max_movable, *first, vsort);
+
+            ++first; ++next;
+        }
+
+        add_edge(*std::cbegin(movable), *std::crbegin(movable));
+        min_movable = std::min(min_movable, *std::crbegin(movable), vsort);
+        max_movable = std::max(max_movable, *std::crbegin(movable), vsort);
+    }
+
+    std::sort(edgelist.begin(), edgelist.end(), line_cmp);
+
+    buildPolygon(edgelist, rsh, max_nfp);
+
+    auto dtouch = max_fixed - min_movable;
+    auto top_other = max_movable + dtouch;
+    auto dnfp = top_other - max_nfp;
+    rsh.translate(dnfp);
+
+    return rsh;
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // NFP_CPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFP.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+#ifndef NFP_HPP
+#define NFP_HPP
+
+#include <libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+template<class Unit = int64_t, class T>
+Unit dotperp(const Vec<2, T> &a, const Vec<2, T> &b)
+{
+    return Unit(a.x()) * Unit(b.y()) - Unit(a.y()) * Unit(b.x());
+}
+
+// Convex-Convex nfp in linear time (fixed.size() + movable.size()),
+// no memory allocations (if out param is used).
+// FIXME: Currently broken for very sharp triangles.
+Polygon nfp_convex_convex(const Polygon &fixed, const Polygon &movable);
+void nfp_convex_convex(const Polygon &fixed, const Polygon &movable, Polygon &out);
+Polygon nfp_convex_convex_legacy(const Polygon &fixed, const Polygon &movable);
+
+Polygon ifp_convex_convex(const Polygon &fixed, const Polygon &movable);
+
+ExPolygons ifp_convex(const arr2::RectangleBed &bed, const Polygon &convexpoly);
+ExPolygons ifp_convex(const arr2::CircleBed &bed, const Polygon &convexpoly);
+ExPolygons ifp_convex(const arr2::IrregularBed &bed, const Polygon &convexpoly);
+inline ExPolygons ifp_convex(const arr2::InfiniteBed &bed, const Polygon &convexpoly)
+{
+    return {};
+}
+
+inline ExPolygons ifp_convex(const arr2::ArrangeBed &bed, const Polygon &convexpoly)
+{
+    ExPolygons ret;
+    auto visitor = [&ret, &convexpoly](const auto &b) { ret = ifp_convex(b, convexpoly); };
+    boost::apply_visitor(visitor, bed);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Vec2crd reference_vertex(const Polygon &outline);
+Vec2crd reference_vertex(const ExPolygon &outline);
+Vec2crd reference_vertex(const Polygons &outline);
+Vec2crd reference_vertex(const ExPolygons &outline);
+
+Vec2crd min_vertex(const Polygon &outline);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // NFP_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+
+#ifndef NFPARRANGEITEMTRAITS_HPP
+#define NFPARRANGEITEMTRAITS_HPP
+
+#include <numeric>
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeBase.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/BoundingBox.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// Additional methods that an ArrangeItem object has to implement in order
+// to be usable with PackStrategyNFP.
+template<class ArrItem, class En = void> struct NFPArrangeItemTraits_
+{
+    template<class Context, class Bed, class StopCond = DefaultStopCondition>
+    static ExPolygons calculate_nfp(const ArrItem &item,
+                                    const Context &packing_context,
+                                    const Bed &bed,
+                                    StopCond stop_condition = {})
+    {
+        static_assert(always_false<ArrItem>::value,
+                      "NFP unimplemented for this item type.");
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    static Vec2crd reference_vertex(const ArrItem &item)
+    {
+        return item.reference_vertex();
+    }
+
+    static BoundingBox envelope_bounding_box(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope_bounding_box();
+    }
+
+    static BoundingBox fixed_bounding_box(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.fixed_bounding_box();
+    }
+
+    static const Polygons & envelope_outline(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope_outline();
+    }
+
+    static const Polygons & fixed_outline(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.fixed_outline();
+    }
+
+    static const Polygon & envelope_convex_hull(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope_convex_hull();
+    }
+
+    static const Polygon & fixed_convex_hull(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.fixed_convex_hull();
+    }
+
+    static double envelope_area(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope_area();
+    }
+
+    static double fixed_area(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.fixed_area();
+    }
+
+    static auto allowed_rotations(const ArrItem &)
+    {
+        return std::array{0.};
+    }
+
+    static Vec2crd fixed_centroid(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return fixed_bounding_box(itm).center();
+    }
+
+    static Vec2crd envelope_centroid(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        return envelope_bounding_box(itm).center();
+    }
+};
+
+template<class T>
+using NFPArrangeItemTraits = NFPArrangeItemTraits_<StripCVRef<T>>;
+
+template<class ArrItem,
+         class Context,
+         class Bed,
+         class StopCond = DefaultStopCondition>
+ExPolygons calculate_nfp(const ArrItem &itm,
+                         const Context &context,
+                         const Bed &bed,
+                         StopCond stopcond = {})
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::calculate_nfp(itm, context, bed,
+                                                        std::move(stopcond));
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> Vec2crd reference_vertex(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::reference_vertex(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> BoundingBox envelope_bounding_box(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::envelope_bounding_box(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> BoundingBox fixed_bounding_box(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::fixed_bounding_box(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> decltype(auto) envelope_convex_hull(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::envelope_convex_hull(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> decltype(auto) fixed_convex_hull(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::fixed_convex_hull(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> decltype(auto) envelope_outline(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::envelope_outline(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> decltype(auto) fixed_outline(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::fixed_outline(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> double envelope_area(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::envelope_area(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> double fixed_area(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::fixed_area(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> Vec2crd fixed_centroid(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::fixed_centroid(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> Vec2crd envelope_centroid(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::envelope_centroid(itm);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+auto allowed_rotations(const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    return NFPArrangeItemTraits<ArrItem>::allowed_rotations(itm);
+}
+
+template<class It>
+BoundingBox bounding_box(const Range<It> &itms) noexcept
+{
+    auto pilebb =
+        std::accumulate(itms.begin(), itms.end(), BoundingBox{},
+                        [](BoundingBox bb, const auto &itm) {
+                            bb.merge(fixed_bounding_box(itm));
+                            return bb;
+                        });
+
+    return pilebb;
+}
+
+template<class It>
+BoundingBox bounding_box_on_bedidx(const Range<It> &itms, int bed_index) noexcept
+{
+    auto pilebb =
+        std::accumulate(itms.begin(), itms.end(), BoundingBox{},
+                        [bed_index](BoundingBox bb, const auto &itm) {
+                            if (bed_index == get_bed_index(itm))
+                                bb.merge(fixed_bounding_box(itm));
+
+                            return bb;
+                        });
+
+    return pilebb;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGEITEMTRAITSNFP_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_CGAL.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+
+#include "NFP.hpp"
+#include "NFPConcave_CGAL.hpp"
+
+#include <CGAL/Exact_predicates_inexact_constructions_kernel.h>
+#include <CGAL/partition_2.h>
+#include <CGAL/Partition_traits_2.h>
+#include <CGAL/property_map.h>
+#include <CGAL/Polygon_vertical_decomposition_2.h>
+
+#include "libslic3r/ClipperUtils.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+using K = CGAL::Exact_predicates_inexact_constructions_kernel;
+using Partition_traits_2 = CGAL::Partition_traits_2<K, CGAL::Pointer_property_map<K::Point_2>::type >;
+using Point_2 = Partition_traits_2::Point_2;
+using Polygon_2 = Partition_traits_2::Polygon_2;  // a polygon of indices
+
+ExPolygons nfp_concave_concave_cgal(const ExPolygon &fixed, const ExPolygon &movable)
+{
+    Polygons fixed_decomp = convex_decomposition_cgal(fixed);
+    Polygons movable_decomp = convex_decomposition_cgal(movable);
+
+    auto refs_mv = reserve_vector<Vec2crd>(movable_decomp.size());
+
+    for (const Polygon &p : movable_decomp)
+        refs_mv.emplace_back(reference_vertex(p));
+
+    auto nfps = reserve_polygons(fixed_decomp.size() *movable_decomp.size());
+
+    Vec2crd ref_whole = reference_vertex(movable);
+    for (const Polygon &fixed_part : fixed_decomp) {
+        size_t mvi = 0;
+        for (const Polygon &movable_part : movable_decomp) {
+            Polygon subnfp = nfp_convex_convex(fixed_part, movable_part);
+            const Vec2crd &ref_mp = refs_mv[mvi];
+            auto d = ref_whole - ref_mp;
+            subnfp.translate(d);
+            nfps.emplace_back(subnfp);
+            mvi++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return union_ex(nfps);
+}
+
+// TODO: holes
+Polygons convex_decomposition_cgal(const ExPolygon &expoly)
+{
+    CGAL::Polygon_vertical_decomposition_2<K> decomp;
+
+    CGAL::Polygon_2<K> contour;
+    for (auto &p : expoly.contour.points)
+        contour.push_back({unscaled(p.x()), unscaled(p.y())});
+
+    CGAL::Polygon_with_holes_2<K> cgalpoly{contour};
+    for (const Polygon &h : expoly.holes) {
+        CGAL::Polygon_2<K> hole;
+        for (auto &p : h.points)
+            hole.push_back({unscaled(p.x()), unscaled(p.y())});
+
+        cgalpoly.add_hole(hole);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<CGAL::Polygon_2<K>> out;
+    decomp(cgalpoly, std::back_inserter(out));
+
+    Polygons ret;
+    for (auto &pwh : out) {
+        Polygon poly;
+        for (auto &p : pwh)
+            poly.points.emplace_back(scaled(p.x()), scaled(p.y()));
+        ret.emplace_back(std::move(poly));
+    }
+
+    return ret; //convex_decomposition_cgal(expoly.contour);
+}
+
+Polygons convex_decomposition_cgal(const Polygon &poly)
+{
+    auto pts = reserve_vector<K::Point_2>(poly.size());
+
+    for (const Point &p : poly.points)
+        pts.emplace_back(unscaled(p.x()), unscaled(p.y()));
+
+    Partition_traits_2 traits(CGAL::make_property_map(pts));
+
+    Polygon_2 polyidx;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pts.size(); ++i)
+        polyidx.push_back(i);
+
+    std::vector<Polygon_2> outp;
+
+    CGAL::optimal_convex_partition_2(polyidx.vertices_begin(),
+                                     polyidx.vertices_end(),
+                                     std::back_inserter(outp),
+                                     traits);
+
+    Polygons ret;
+    for (const Polygon_2& poly : outp){
+        Polygon r;
+        for(Point_2 p : poly.container())
+            r.points.emplace_back(scaled(pts[p].x()), scaled(pts[p].y()));
+
+        ret.emplace_back(std::move(r));
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_CGAL.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+#ifndef NFPCONCAVE_CGAL_HPP
+#define NFPCONCAVE_CGAL_HPP
+
+#include <libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+Polygons convex_decomposition_cgal(const Polygon &expoly);
+Polygons convex_decomposition_cgal(const ExPolygon &expoly);
+ExPolygons nfp_concave_concave_cgal(const ExPolygon &fixed, const ExPolygon &movable);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // NFPCONCAVE_CGAL_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_Tesselate.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+
+#include "NFPConcave_Tesselate.hpp"
+
+#include <libslic3r/ClipperUtils.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/Tesselate.hpp>
+
+#include "NFP.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+Polygons convex_decomposition_tess(const Polygon &expoly)
+{
+    return convex_decomposition_tess(ExPolygon{expoly});
+}
+
+Polygons convex_decomposition_tess(const ExPolygon &expoly)
+{
+    std::vector<Vec2d> tr = Slic3r::triangulate_expolygon_2d(expoly);
+
+    auto ret = Slic3r::reserve_polygons(tr.size() / 3);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < tr.size(); i += 3) {
+        ret.emplace_back(
+            Polygon{scaled(tr[i]), scaled(tr[i + 1]), scaled(tr[i + 2])});
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Polygons convex_decomposition_tess(const ExPolygons &expolys)
+{
+    constexpr size_t AvgTriangleCountGuess = 50;
+
+    auto ret = reserve_polygons(AvgTriangleCountGuess * expolys.size());
+    for (const ExPolygon &expoly : expolys) {
+        Polygons convparts = convex_decomposition_tess(expoly);
+        std::move(convparts.begin(), convparts.end(), std::back_inserter(ret));
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+ExPolygons nfp_concave_concave_tess(const ExPolygon &fixed,
+                                    const ExPolygon &movable)
+{
+    Polygons fixed_decomp = convex_decomposition_tess(fixed);
+    Polygons movable_decomp = convex_decomposition_tess(movable);
+
+    auto refs_mv = reserve_vector<Vec2crd>(movable_decomp.size());
+
+    for (const Polygon &p : movable_decomp)
+        refs_mv.emplace_back(reference_vertex(p));
+
+    auto nfps = reserve_polygons(fixed_decomp.size() * movable_decomp.size());
+
+    Vec2crd ref_whole = reference_vertex(movable);
+    for (const Polygon &fixed_part : fixed_decomp) {
+        size_t mvi = 0;
+        for (const Polygon &movable_part : movable_decomp) {
+            Polygon subnfp = nfp_convex_convex(fixed_part, movable_part);
+            const Vec2crd &ref_mp = refs_mv[mvi];
+            auto d = ref_whole - ref_mp;
+            subnfp.translate(d);
+            nfps.emplace_back(subnfp);
+            mvi++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return union_ex(nfps);
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_Tesselate.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+#ifndef NFPCONCAVE_TESSELATE_HPP
+#define NFPCONCAVE_TESSELATE_HPP
+
+#include <libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+Polygons convex_decomposition_tess(const Polygon &expoly);
+Polygons convex_decomposition_tess(const ExPolygon &expoly);
+Polygons convex_decomposition_tess(const ExPolygons &expolys);
+ExPolygons nfp_concave_concave_tess(const ExPolygon &fixed, const ExPolygon &movable);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // NFPCONCAVE_TESSELATE_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/PackStrategyNFP.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+
+#ifndef PACKSTRATEGYNFP_HPP
+#define PACKSTRATEGYNFP_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeBase.hpp"
+
+#include "EdgeCache.hpp"
+#include "Kernels/KernelTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Optimize/NLoptOptimizer.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Execution/ExecutionSeq.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+struct NFPPackingTag{};
+
+struct DummyArrangeKernel
+{
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    double placement_fitness(const ArrItem &itm, const Vec2crd &dest_pos) const
+    {
+        return NaNd;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class Context, class RemIt>
+    bool on_start_packing(ArrItem            &itm,
+                          const Bed          &bed,
+                          const Context      &packing_context,
+                          const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem> bool on_item_packed(ArrItem &itm) { return true; }
+};
+
+template<class Strategy> using OptAlg = typename Strategy::OptAlg;
+
+template<class ArrangeKernel = DummyArrangeKernel,
+         class ExecPolicy = ExecutionSeq,
+         class OptMethod = opt::AlgNLoptSubplex,
+         class StopCond  = DefaultStopCondition>
+struct PackStrategyNFP {
+    using OptAlg = OptMethod;
+
+    ArrangeKernel kernel;
+    ExecPolicy ep;
+    double accuracy = 1.;
+    opt::Optimizer<OptMethod> solver;
+    StopCond stop_condition;
+
+    PackStrategyNFP(opt::Optimizer<OptMethod> slv,
+                    ArrangeKernel k = {},
+                    ExecPolicy execpolicy = {},
+                    double accur = 1.,
+                    StopCond stop_cond = {})
+        : kernel{std::move(k)},
+          ep{std::move(execpolicy)},
+          accuracy{accur},
+          solver{std::move(slv)},
+          stop_condition{std::move(stop_cond)}
+    {}
+
+    PackStrategyNFP(ArrangeKernel k = {},
+                    ExecPolicy execpolicy = {},
+                    double accur = 1.,
+                    StopCond stop_cond = {})
+        : PackStrategyNFP{opt::Optimizer<OptMethod>{}, std::move(k),
+                          std::move(execpolicy), accur, std::move(stop_cond)}
+    {
+        // Defaults for AlgNLoptSubplex
+        auto iters = static_cast<unsigned>(std::floor(1000 * accuracy));
+        auto optparams =
+            opt::StopCriteria{}.max_iterations(iters).rel_score_diff(
+                1e-20) /*.abs_score_diff(1e-20)*/;
+
+        solver.set_criteria(optparams);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class...Args>
+struct PackStrategyTag_<PackStrategyNFP<Args...>>
+{
+    using Tag = NFPPackingTag;
+};
+
+
+template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class PStrategy>
+double pick_best_spot_on_nfp_verts_only(ArrItem            &item,
+                                        const ExPolygons   &nfp,
+                                        const Bed          &bed,
+                                        const PStrategy    &strategy)
+{
+    using KernelT = KernelTraits<decltype(strategy.kernel)>;
+
+    auto    score   = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    Vec2crd orig_tr = get_translation(item);
+    Vec2crd translation{0, 0};
+
+    auto eval_fitness = [&score, &strategy, &item, &translation,
+                         &orig_tr](const Vec2crd &p) {
+        set_translation(item, orig_tr);
+        Vec2crd ref_v = reference_vertex(item);
+        Vec2crd tr    = p - ref_v;
+        double fitness = KernelT::placement_fitness(strategy.kernel, item, tr);
+        if (fitness > score) {
+            score       = fitness;
+            translation = tr;
+        }
+    };
+
+    for (const ExPolygon &expoly : nfp) {
+        for (const Point &p : expoly.contour) {
+            eval_fitness(p);
+        }
+
+        for (const Polygon &h : expoly.holes)
+            for (const Point &p : h.points)
+                eval_fitness(p);
+    }
+
+    set_translation(item, orig_tr + translation);
+
+    return score;
+}
+
+struct CornerResult
+{
+    size_t         contour_id;
+    opt::Result<1> oresult;
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem, class Bed, class... Args>
+double pick_best_spot_on_nfp(ArrItem                        &item,
+                             const ExPolygons               &nfp,
+                             const Bed                      &bed,
+                             const PackStrategyNFP<Args...> &strategy)
+{
+    auto &ex_policy = strategy.ep;
+    using KernelT = KernelTraits<decltype(strategy.kernel)>;
+
+    auto score = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    Vec2crd orig_tr = get_translation(item);
+    Vec2crd translation{0, 0};
+    Vec2crd ref_v = reference_vertex(item);
+
+    auto edge_caches = reserve_vector<EdgeCache>(nfp.size());
+    auto sample_sets = reserve_vector<std::vector<ContourLocation>>(
+        nfp.size());
+
+    for (const ExPolygon &expoly : nfp) {
+        edge_caches.emplace_back(EdgeCache{&expoly});
+        edge_caches.back().sample_contour(strategy.accuracy,
+                                          sample_sets.emplace_back());
+    }
+
+    auto nthreads = execution::max_concurrency(ex_policy);
+
+    std::vector<CornerResult> gresults(edge_caches.size());
+
+    auto resultcmp = [](auto &a, auto &b) {
+        return a.oresult.score < b.oresult.score;
+    };
+
+    execution::for_each(
+        ex_policy, size_t(0), edge_caches.size(),
+        [&](size_t edge_cache_idx) {
+            auto &ec_contour = edge_caches[edge_cache_idx];
+            auto &corners = sample_sets[edge_cache_idx];
+            std::vector<CornerResult> results(corners.size());
+
+            auto cornerfn = [&](size_t i) {
+                ContourLocation cr = corners[i];
+                auto objfn = [&](opt::Input<1> &in) {
+                    Vec2crd p = ec_contour.coords(ContourLocation{cr.contour_id, in[0]});
+                    Vec2crd tr = p - ref_v;
+
+                    return KernelT::placement_fitness(strategy.kernel, item, tr);
+                };
+
+                // Assuming that solver is a lightweight object
+                auto solver = strategy.solver;
+                solver.to_max();
+                auto oresult = solver.optimize(objfn,
+                                               opt::initvals({cr.dist}),
+                                               opt::bounds({{0., 1.}}));
+
+                results[i] = CornerResult{cr.contour_id, oresult};
+            };
+
+            execution::for_each(ex_policy, size_t(0), results.size(),
+                                cornerfn, nthreads);
+
+            auto it = std::max_element(results.begin(), results.end(),
+                                       resultcmp);
+
+            if (it != results.end())
+                gresults[edge_cache_idx] = *it;
+        },
+        nthreads);
+
+    auto it = std::max_element(gresults.begin(), gresults.end(), resultcmp);
+    if (it != gresults.end()) {
+        score = it->oresult.score;
+        size_t path_id = std::distance(gresults.begin(), it);
+        size_t contour_id = it->contour_id;
+        double dist = it->oresult.optimum[0];
+
+        Vec2crd pos = edge_caches[path_id].coords(ContourLocation{contour_id, dist});
+        Vec2crd tr = pos - ref_v;
+
+        set_translation(item, orig_tr + tr);
+    }
+
+    return score;
+}
+
+template<class Strategy, class ArrItem, class Bed, class RemIt>
+bool pack(Strategy &strategy,
+          const Bed &bed,
+          ArrItem &item,
+          const PackStrategyContext<Strategy, ArrItem> &packing_context,
+          const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items,
+          const NFPPackingTag &)
+{
+    using KernelT = KernelTraits<decltype(strategy.kernel)>;
+
+    // The kernel might pack the item immediately
+    bool packed = KernelT::on_start_packing(strategy.kernel, item, bed,
+                                            packing_context, remaining_items);
+
+    double  orig_rot    = get_rotation(item);
+    double  final_rot   = 0.;
+    double  final_score = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    Vec2crd orig_tr     = get_translation(item);
+    Vec2crd final_tr    = orig_tr;
+
+    bool cancelled = strategy.stop_condition();
+    const auto & rotations = allowed_rotations(item);
+
+    // Check all rotations but only if item is not already packed
+    for (auto rot_it = rotations.begin();
+         !cancelled && !packed && rot_it != rotations.end(); ++rot_it) {
+
+        double rot = *rot_it;
+
+        set_rotation(item, orig_rot + rot);
+        set_translation(item, orig_tr);
+
+        auto nfp = calculate_nfp(item, packing_context, bed,
+                                 strategy.stop_condition);
+        double score = NaNd;
+        if (!nfp.empty()) {
+            score = pick_best_spot_on_nfp(item, nfp, bed, strategy);
+
+            cancelled = strategy.stop_condition();
+            if (score > final_score) {
+                final_score = score;
+                final_rot   = rot;
+                final_tr    = get_translation(item);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If the score is not valid, and the item is not already packed, or
+    // the packing was cancelled asynchronously by stop condition, then
+    // discard the packing
+    bool is_score_valid = !std::isnan(final_score) && !std::isinf(final_score);
+    packed = !cancelled && (packed || is_score_valid);
+
+    if (packed) {
+        set_translation(item, final_tr);
+        set_rotation(item, orig_rot + final_rot);
+
+        // Finally, consult the kernel if the packing is sane
+        packed = KernelT::on_item_packed(strategy.kernel, item);
+    }
+
+    return packed;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // PACKSTRATEGYNFP_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+
+#ifndef RECTANGLEOVERFITPACKINGSTRATEGY_HPP
+#define RECTANGLEOVERFITPACKINGSTRATEGY_HPP
+
+#include "Kernels/RectangleOverfitKernelWrapper.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/PackStrategyNFP.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+using PostAlignmentFn = std::function<Vec2crd(const BoundingBox &bedbb,
+                                              const BoundingBox &pilebb)>;
+
+struct CenterAlignmentFn {
+    Vec2crd operator() (const BoundingBox &bedbb,
+                        const BoundingBox &pilebb)
+    {
+        return bedbb.center() - pilebb.center();
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+struct RectangleOverfitPackingContext : public DefaultPackingContext<ArrItem>
+{
+    BoundingBox limits;
+    int bed_index;
+    PostAlignmentFn post_alignment_fn;
+
+    explicit RectangleOverfitPackingContext(const BoundingBox limits,
+                     int bedidx,
+                     PostAlignmentFn alignfn = CenterAlignmentFn{})
+        : limits{limits}, bed_index{bedidx}, post_alignment_fn{alignfn}
+    {}
+
+    void align_pile()
+    {
+        // Here, the post alignment can be safely done. No throwing
+        // functions are called!
+        if (fixed_items_range(*this).empty()) {
+            auto itms = packed_items_range(*this);
+            auto pilebb = bounding_box(itms);
+
+            for (auto &itm : itms) {
+                translate(itm, post_alignment_fn(limits, pilebb));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~RectangleOverfitPackingContext() { align_pile(); }
+};
+
+// With rectange bed, and no fixed items, an infinite bed with
+// RectangleOverfitKernelWrapper can produce better results than a pure
+// RectangleBed with inner-fit polygon calculation.
+template<class ...Args>
+struct RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy {
+    PackStrategyNFP<Args...> base_strategy;
+
+    PostAlignmentFn post_alignment_fn = CenterAlignmentFn{};
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    using Context = RectangleOverfitPackingContext<ArrItem>;
+
+    RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy(PackStrategyNFP<Args...> s,
+                                    PostAlignmentFn post_align_fn)
+        : base_strategy{std::move(s)}, post_alignment_fn{post_align_fn}
+    {}
+
+    RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy(PackStrategyNFP<Args...> s)
+        : base_strategy{std::move(s)}
+    {}
+};
+
+struct RectangleOverfitPackingStrategyTag {};
+
+template<class... Args>
+struct PackStrategyTag_<RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy<Args...>> {
+    using Tag = RectangleOverfitPackingStrategyTag;
+};
+
+template<class... Args>
+struct PackStrategyTraits_<RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy<Args...>> {
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    using Context = typename RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy<
+        Args...>::template Context<StripCVRef<ArrItem>>;
+
+    template<class ArrItem, class Bed>
+    static Context<ArrItem> create_context(
+        RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy<Args...> &ps,
+        const Bed &bed,
+        int bed_index)
+    {
+        return Context<ArrItem>{bounding_box(bed), bed_index,
+                                ps.post_alignment_fn};
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+struct PackingContextTraits_<RectangleOverfitPackingContext<ArrItem>>
+    : public PackingContextTraits_<DefaultPackingContext<ArrItem>>
+{
+    static void add_packed_item(RectangleOverfitPackingContext<ArrItem> &ctx, ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        ctx.add_packed_item(itm);
+
+        // to prevent coords going out of range
+        ctx.align_pile();
+    }
+};
+
+template<class Strategy, class ArrItem, class Bed, class RemIt>
+bool pack(Strategy &strategy,
+          const Bed &bed,
+          ArrItem &item,
+          const PackStrategyContext<Strategy, ArrItem> &packing_context,
+          const Range<RemIt> &remaining_items,
+          const RectangleOverfitPackingStrategyTag &)
+{
+    bool ret = false;
+
+    if (fixed_items_range(packing_context).empty()) {
+        auto &base = strategy.base_strategy;
+        PackStrategyNFP modded_strategy{
+            base.solver,
+            RectangleOverfitKernelWrapper{base.kernel, packing_context.limits},
+            base.ep, base.accuracy};
+
+        ret = pack(modded_strategy,
+                   InfiniteBed{packing_context.limits.center()}, item,
+                   packing_context, remaining_items, NFPPackingTag{});
+    } else {
+        ret = pack(strategy.base_strategy, bed, item, packing_context,
+                   remaining_items, NFPPackingTag{});
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // RECTANGLEOVERFITPACKINGSTRATEGY_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Core/PackingContext.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+
+#ifndef PACKINGCONTEXT_HPP
+#define PACKINGCONTEXT_HPP
+
+#include "ArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+template<class Ctx, class En = void>
+struct PackingContextTraits_ {
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    static void add_fixed_item(Ctx &ctx, const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        ctx.add_fixed_item(itm);
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    static void add_packed_item(Ctx &ctx, ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        ctx.add_packed_item(itm);
+    }
+
+    // returns a range of all packed items in the context ctx
+    static auto all_items_range(const Ctx &ctx)
+    {
+        return ctx.all_items_range();
+    }
+
+    static auto fixed_items_range(const Ctx &ctx)
+    {
+        return ctx.fixed_items_range();
+    }
+
+    static auto packed_items_range(const Ctx &ctx)
+    {
+        return ctx.packed_items_range();
+    }
+
+    static auto packed_items_range(Ctx &ctx)
+    {
+        return ctx.packed_items_range();
+    }
+};
+
+template<class Ctx, class ArrItem>
+void add_fixed_item(Ctx &ctx, const ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    PackingContextTraits_<StripCVRef<Ctx>>::add_fixed_item(ctx, itm);
+}
+
+template<class Ctx, class ArrItem>
+void add_packed_item(Ctx &ctx, ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    PackingContextTraits_<StripCVRef<Ctx>>::add_packed_item(ctx, itm);
+}
+
+template<class Ctx>
+auto all_items_range(const Ctx &ctx)
+{
+    return PackingContextTraits_<StripCVRef<Ctx>>::all_items_range(ctx);
+}
+
+template<class Ctx>
+auto fixed_items_range(const Ctx &ctx)
+{
+    return PackingContextTraits_<StripCVRef<Ctx>>::fixed_items_range(ctx);
+}
+
+template<class Ctx>
+auto packed_items_range(Ctx &&ctx)
+{
+    return PackingContextTraits_<StripCVRef<Ctx>>::packed_items_range(ctx);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+class DefaultPackingContext {
+    using ArrItemRaw = StripCVRef<ArrItem>;
+    std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const ArrItemRaw>> m_fixed;
+    std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<ArrItemRaw>> m_packed;
+    std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const ArrItemRaw>> m_items;
+
+public:
+    DefaultPackingContext() = default;
+
+    template<class It>
+    explicit DefaultPackingContext(const Range<It> &fixed_items)
+    {
+        std::copy(fixed_items.begin(), fixed_items.end(), std::back_inserter(m_fixed));
+        std::copy(fixed_items.begin(), fixed_items.end(), std::back_inserter(m_items));
+    }
+
+    auto all_items_range() const noexcept { return crange(m_items); }
+    auto fixed_items_range() const noexcept { return crange(m_fixed); }
+    auto packed_items_range() const noexcept { return crange(m_packed); }
+    auto packed_items_range() noexcept { return range(m_packed); }
+
+    void add_fixed_item(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        m_fixed.emplace_back(itm);
+        m_items.emplace_back(itm);
+    }
+
+    void add_packed_item(ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        m_packed.emplace_back(itm);
+        m_items.emplace_back(itm);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class It>
+auto default_context(const Range<It> &items)
+{
+    using ArrItem = StripCVRef<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type>;
+    return DefaultPackingContext<ArrItem>{items};
+}
+
+template<class Cont, class ArrItem = typename Cont::value_type>
+auto default_context(const Cont &container)
+{
+    return DefaultPackingContext<ArrItem>{crange(container)};
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // PACKINGCONTEXT_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Items/ArbitraryDataStore.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+
+#ifndef ARBITRARYDATASTORE_HPP
+#define ARBITRARYDATASTORE_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <any>
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/DataStoreTraits.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// An associative container able to store and retrieve any data type.
+// Based on std::any
+class ArbitraryDataStore {
+    std::map<std::string, std::any> m_data;
+
+public:
+    template<class T> void add(const std::string &key, T &&data)
+    {
+        m_data[key] = std::any{std::forward<T>(data)};
+    }
+
+    void add(const std::string &key, std::any &&data)
+    {
+        m_data[key] = std::move(data);
+    }
+
+    // Return nullptr if the key does not exist or the stored data has a
+    // type other then T. Otherwise returns a pointer to the stored data.
+    template<class T> const T *get(const std::string &key) const
+    {
+        auto it = m_data.find(key);
+        return it != m_data.end() ? std::any_cast<T>(&(it->second)) :
+                                    nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Same as above just not const.
+    template<class T> T *get(const std::string &key)
+    {
+        auto it = m_data.find(key);
+        return it != m_data.end() ? std::any_cast<T>(&(it->second)) : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool has_key(const std::string &key) const
+    {
+        auto it = m_data.find(key);
+        return it != m_data.end();
+    }
+};
+
+// Some items can be containers of arbitrary data stored under string keys.
+template<> struct DataStoreTraits_<ArbitraryDataStore>
+{
+    static constexpr bool Implemented = true;
+
+    template<class T>
+    static const T *get(const ArbitraryDataStore &s, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return s.get<T>(key);
+    }
+
+    // Same as above just not const.
+    template<class T>
+    static T *get(ArbitraryDataStore &s, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return s.get<T>(key);
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    static bool has_key(ArbitraryDataStore &s, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return s.has_key(key);
+    }
+};
+
+template<> struct WritableDataStoreTraits_<ArbitraryDataStore>
+{
+    static constexpr bool Implemented = true;
+
+    template<class T>
+    static void set(ArbitraryDataStore &store,
+                    const std::string &key,
+                    T &&data)
+    {
+        store.add(key, std::forward<T>(data));
+    }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARBITRARYDATASTORE_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Items/ArrangeItem.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+
+#include "ArrangeItem.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_Tesselate.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/ArrangeImpl.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/ArrangeTaskImpl.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/FillBedTaskImpl.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTaskImpl.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+const Polygons &DecomposedShape::transformed_outline() const
+{
+    constexpr auto sc = scaled<double>(1.) * scaled<double>(1.);
+
+    if (!m_transformed_outline_valid) {
+        m_transformed_outline = contours();
+        for (Polygon &poly : m_transformed_outline) {
+            poly.rotate(rotation());
+            poly.translate(translation());
+        }
+
+        m_area = std::accumulate(m_transformed_outline.begin(),
+                                 m_transformed_outline.end(), 0.,
+                                 [sc](double s, const auto &p) {
+                                     return s + p.area() / sc;
+                                 });
+
+        m_convex_hull = Geometry::convex_hull(m_transformed_outline);
+        m_bounding_box = get_extents(m_convex_hull);
+
+        m_transformed_outline_valid = true;
+    }
+
+    return m_transformed_outline;
+}
+
+const Polygon &DecomposedShape::convex_hull() const
+{
+    if (!m_transformed_outline_valid)
+        transformed_outline();
+
+    return m_convex_hull;
+}
+
+const BoundingBox &DecomposedShape::bounding_box() const
+{
+    if (!m_transformed_outline_valid)
+        transformed_outline();
+
+    return m_bounding_box;
+}
+
+const Vec2crd &DecomposedShape::reference_vertex() const
+{
+    if (!m_reference_vertex_valid) {
+        m_reference_vertex = Slic3r::reference_vertex(transformed_outline());
+        m_refs.clear();
+        m_mins.clear();
+        m_refs.reserve(m_transformed_outline.size());
+        m_mins.reserve(m_transformed_outline.size());
+        for (auto &poly : m_transformed_outline) {
+            m_refs.emplace_back(Slic3r::reference_vertex(poly));
+            m_mins.emplace_back(Slic3r::min_vertex(poly));
+        }
+        m_reference_vertex_valid = true;
+    }
+
+    return m_reference_vertex;
+}
+
+const Vec2crd &DecomposedShape::reference_vertex(size_t i) const
+{
+    if (!m_reference_vertex_valid) {
+        reference_vertex();
+    }
+
+    return m_refs[i];
+}
+
+const Vec2crd &DecomposedShape::min_vertex(size_t idx) const
+{
+    if (!m_reference_vertex_valid) {
+        reference_vertex();
+    }
+
+    return m_mins[idx];
+}
+
+Vec2crd DecomposedShape::centroid() const
+{
+    constexpr double area_sc = scaled<double>(1.) * scaled(1.);
+
+    if (!m_centroid_valid) {
+        double total_area = 0.0;
+        Vec2d cntr = Vec2d::Zero();
+
+        for (const Polygon& poly : transformed_outline()) {
+            double parea = poly.area() / area_sc;
+            Vec2d pcntr = unscaled(poly.centroid());
+            total_area += parea;
+            cntr += pcntr * parea;
+        }
+
+        cntr /= total_area;
+        m_centroid = scaled(cntr);
+        m_centroid_valid = true;
+    }
+
+    return m_centroid;
+}
+
+DecomposedShape decompose(const ExPolygons &shape)
+{
+    return DecomposedShape{convex_decomposition_tess(shape)};
+}
+
+DecomposedShape decompose(const Polygon &shape)
+{
+    Polygons convex_shapes;
+
+    bool is_convex = polygon_is_convex(shape);
+    if (is_convex) {
+        convex_shapes.emplace_back(shape);
+    } else {
+        convex_shapes = convex_decomposition_tess(shape);
+    }
+
+    return DecomposedShape{std::move(convex_shapes)};
+}
+
+ArrangeItem::ArrangeItem(const ExPolygons &shape)
+    : m_shape{decompose(shape)}, m_envelope{&m_shape}
+{}
+
+ArrangeItem::ArrangeItem(Polygon shape)
+    : m_shape{decompose(shape)}, m_envelope{&m_shape}
+{}
+
+ArrangeItem::ArrangeItem(const ArrangeItem &other)
+{
+    this->operator= (other);
+}
+
+ArrangeItem::ArrangeItem(ArrangeItem &&other) noexcept
+{
+    this->operator=(std::move(other));
+}
+
+ArrangeItem &ArrangeItem::operator=(const ArrangeItem &other)
+{
+    m_shape = other.m_shape;
+    m_datastore = other.m_datastore;
+    m_bed_idx = other.m_bed_idx;
+    m_priority = other.m_priority;
+
+    if (other.m_envelope.get() == &other.m_shape)
+        m_envelope = &m_shape;
+    else
+        m_envelope = std::make_unique<DecomposedShape>(other.envelope());
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+void ArrangeItem::set_shape(DecomposedShape shape)
+{
+    m_shape = std::move(shape);
+    m_envelope = &m_shape;
+}
+
+void ArrangeItem::set_envelope(DecomposedShape envelope)
+{
+    m_envelope = std::make_unique<DecomposedShape>(std::move(envelope));
+
+    // Initial synch of transformations of envelope and shape.
+    // They need to be in synch all the time
+    m_envelope->translation(m_shape.translation());
+    m_envelope->rotation(m_shape.rotation());
+}
+
+ArrangeItem &ArrangeItem::operator=(ArrangeItem &&other) noexcept
+{
+    m_shape = std::move(other.m_shape);
+    m_datastore = std::move(other.m_datastore);
+    m_bed_idx = other.m_bed_idx;
+    m_priority = other.m_priority;
+
+    if (other.m_envelope.get() == &other.m_shape)
+        m_envelope = &m_shape;
+    else
+        m_envelope = std::move(other.m_envelope);
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template struct ImbueableItemTraits_<ArrangeItem>;
+template class  ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrangeItem>;
+template struct ArrangeTask<ArrangeItem>;
+template struct FillBedTask<ArrangeItem>;
+template struct MultiplySelectionTask<ArrangeItem>;
+template class  Arranger<ArrangeItem>;
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Items/ArrangeItem.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGEITEM_HPP
+#define ARRANGEITEM_HPP
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <boost/variant.hpp>
+
+#include "libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/BoundingBox.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/AnyPtr.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/PackingContext.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFP.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Items/MutableItemTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Arrange.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/ArrangeTask.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/FillBedTask.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTask.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Items/ArbitraryDataStore.hpp"
+
+#include <libslic3r/ClipperUtils.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+inline bool check_polygons_are_convex(const Polygons &pp) {
+    return std::all_of(pp.begin(), pp.end(), [](const Polygon &p) {
+        return polygon_is_convex(p);
+    });
+}
+
+// A class that stores a set of polygons that are garanteed to be all convex.
+// They collectively represent a decomposition of a more complex shape into
+// its convex part. Note that this class only stores the result of the decomp,
+// does not do the job itself. In debug mode, an explicit check is done for
+// each component to be convex.
+//
+// Additionally class stores a translation vector and a rotation angle for the
+// stored polygon, plus additional privitives that are all cached cached after
+// appying a the transformations. The caching is not thread safe!
+class DecomposedShape
+{
+    Polygons m_shape;
+
+    Vec2crd m_translation{0, 0}; // The translation of the poly
+    double  m_rotation{0.0};     // The rotation of the poly in radians
+
+    mutable Polygons m_transformed_outline;
+    mutable bool     m_transformed_outline_valid = false;
+
+    mutable Point              m_reference_vertex;
+    mutable std::vector<Point> m_refs;
+    mutable std::vector<Point> m_mins;
+    mutable bool               m_reference_vertex_valid = false;
+
+    mutable Point m_centroid;
+    mutable bool  m_centroid_valid = false;
+
+    mutable Polygon m_convex_hull;
+    mutable BoundingBox m_bounding_box;
+    mutable double  m_area = 0;
+
+public:
+    DecomposedShape() = default;
+
+    explicit DecomposedShape(Polygon sh)
+    {
+        m_shape.emplace_back(std::move(sh));
+        assert(check_polygons_are_convex(m_shape));
+    }
+
+    explicit DecomposedShape(std::initializer_list<Point> pts)
+        : DecomposedShape(Polygon{pts})
+    {}
+
+    explicit DecomposedShape(Polygons sh) : m_shape{std::move(sh)}
+    {
+        assert(check_polygons_are_convex(m_shape));
+    }
+
+    const Polygons &contours() const { return m_shape; }
+
+    const Vec2crd &translation() const { return m_translation; }
+    double         rotation() const { return m_rotation; }
+
+    void translation(const Vec2crd &v)
+    {
+        m_translation               = v;
+        m_transformed_outline_valid = false;
+        m_reference_vertex_valid    = false;
+        m_centroid_valid            = false;
+    }
+
+    void rotation(double v)
+    {
+        m_rotation                  = v;
+        m_transformed_outline_valid = false;
+        m_reference_vertex_valid    = false;
+        m_centroid_valid            = false;
+    }
+
+    const Polygons &transformed_outline() const;
+    const Polygon  &convex_hull() const;
+    const BoundingBox &bounding_box() const;
+
+    // The cached reference vertex in the context of NFP creation. Always
+    // refers to the leftmost upper vertex.
+    const Vec2crd  &reference_vertex() const;
+    const Vec2crd  &reference_vertex(size_t idx) const;
+
+    // Also for NFP calculations, the rightmost lowest vertex of the shape.
+    const Vec2crd  &min_vertex(size_t idx) const;
+
+    double area_unscaled() const
+    {
+        // update cache
+        transformed_outline();
+
+        return m_area;
+    }
+
+    Vec2crd centroid() const;
+};
+
+DecomposedShape decompose(const ExPolygons &polys);
+DecomposedShape decompose(const Polygon &p);
+
+class ArrangeItem
+{
+private:
+    DecomposedShape m_shape;            // Shape of item when it's not moving
+    AnyPtr<DecomposedShape> m_envelope; // Possibly different shape when packed
+
+    ArbitraryDataStore m_datastore;
+
+    int m_bed_idx{Unarranged}; // To which logical bed does this item belong
+    int m_priority{0};         // For sorting
+
+public:
+    ArrangeItem() = default;
+
+    explicit ArrangeItem(DecomposedShape shape)
+        : m_shape(std::move(shape)), m_envelope{&m_shape}
+    {}
+
+    explicit ArrangeItem(DecomposedShape shape, DecomposedShape envelope)
+        : m_shape(std::move(shape))
+        , m_envelope{std::make_unique<DecomposedShape>(std::move(envelope))}
+    {}
+
+    explicit ArrangeItem(const ExPolygons &shape);
+    explicit ArrangeItem(Polygon shape);
+    explicit ArrangeItem(std::initializer_list<Point> pts)
+        : ArrangeItem(Polygon{pts})
+    {}
+
+    ArrangeItem(const ArrangeItem &);
+    ArrangeItem(ArrangeItem &&) noexcept;
+    ArrangeItem & operator=(const ArrangeItem &);
+    ArrangeItem & operator=(ArrangeItem &&) noexcept;
+
+    int bed_idx() const { return m_bed_idx; }
+    int priority() const { return m_priority; }
+
+    void bed_idx(int v) { m_bed_idx = v; }
+    void priority(int v) { m_priority = v; }
+
+    const ArbitraryDataStore &datastore() const { return m_datastore; }
+    ArbitraryDataStore &datastore() { return m_datastore; }
+
+    const DecomposedShape & shape() const { return m_shape; }
+    void set_shape(DecomposedShape shape);
+
+    const DecomposedShape & envelope() const { return *m_envelope; }
+    void set_envelope(DecomposedShape envelope);
+
+    const Vec2crd &translation() const { return m_shape.translation(); }
+    double         rotation() const { return m_shape.rotation(); }
+
+    void translation(const Vec2crd &v)
+    {
+        m_shape.translation(v);
+        m_envelope->translation(v);
+    }
+
+    void rotation(double v)
+    {
+        m_shape.rotation(v);
+        m_envelope->rotation(v);
+    }
+
+    void update_caches() const
+    {
+        m_shape.reference_vertex();
+        m_envelope->reference_vertex();
+        m_shape.centroid();
+        m_envelope->centroid();
+    }
+};
+
+template<> struct ArrangeItemTraits_<ArrangeItem>
+{
+    static const Vec2crd &get_translation(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.translation();
+    }
+
+    static double get_rotation(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.rotation();
+    }
+
+    static int get_bed_index(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.bed_idx();
+    }
+
+    static int get_priority(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.priority();
+    }
+
+    // Setters:
+
+    static void set_translation(ArrangeItem &itm, const Vec2crd &v)
+    {
+        itm.translation(v);
+    }
+
+    static void set_rotation(ArrangeItem &itm, double v)
+    {
+        itm.rotation(v);
+    }
+
+    static void set_bed_index(ArrangeItem &itm, int v)
+    {
+        itm.bed_idx(v);
+    }
+};
+
+// Some items can be containers of arbitrary data stored under string keys.
+template<> struct DataStoreTraits_<ArrangeItem>
+{
+    static constexpr bool Implemented = true;
+
+    template<class T>
+    static const T *get(const ArrangeItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return itm.datastore().get<T>(key);
+    }
+
+    // Same as above just not const.
+    template<class T>
+    static T *get(ArrangeItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return itm.datastore().get<T>(key);
+    }
+
+    static bool has_key(const ArrangeItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return itm.datastore().has_key(key);
+    }
+};
+
+template<> struct WritableDataStoreTraits_<ArrangeItem>
+{
+    static constexpr bool Implemented = true;
+
+    template<class T>
+    static void set(ArrangeItem &itm,
+                    const std::string &key,
+                    T &&data)
+    {
+        itm.datastore().add(key, std::forward<T>(data));
+    }
+};
+
+template<class FixedIt, class StopCond = DefaultStopCondition>
+static Polygons calculate_nfp_unnormalized(const ArrangeItem    &item,
+                                           const Range<FixedIt> &fixed_items,
+                                           StopCond &&stop_cond = {})
+{
+    size_t cap = 0;
+
+    for (const ArrangeItem &fixitem : fixed_items) {
+        const Polygons &outlines = fixitem.shape().transformed_outline();
+        cap += outlines.size();
+    }
+
+    const Polygons &item_outlines = item.envelope().transformed_outline();
+
+    auto nfps = reserve_polygons(cap * item_outlines.size());
+
+    Vec2crd ref_whole = item.envelope().reference_vertex();
+    Polygon subnfp;
+
+    for (const ArrangeItem &fixed : fixed_items) {
+        // fixed_polys should already be a set of strictly convex polygons,
+        // as ArrangeItem stores convex-decomposed polygons
+        const Polygons & fixed_polys = fixed.shape().transformed_outline();
+
+        for (const Polygon &fixed_poly : fixed_polys) {
+            Point max_fixed = Slic3r::reference_vertex(fixed_poly);
+            for (size_t mi = 0; mi < item_outlines.size(); ++mi) {
+                const Polygon &movable = item_outlines[mi];
+                const Vec2crd &mref = item.envelope().reference_vertex(mi);
+                subnfp = nfp_convex_convex_legacy(fixed_poly, movable);
+
+                Vec2crd min_movable = item.envelope().min_vertex(mi);
+
+                Vec2crd dtouch = max_fixed - min_movable;
+                Vec2crd top_other = mref + dtouch;
+                Vec2crd max_nfp = Slic3r::reference_vertex(subnfp);
+                auto dnfp = top_other - max_nfp;
+
+                auto d = ref_whole - mref + dnfp;
+                subnfp.translate(d);
+                nfps.emplace_back(subnfp);
+            }
+
+            if (stop_cond())
+                break;
+
+            nfps = union_(nfps);
+        }
+
+        if (stop_cond()) {
+            nfps.clear();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return nfps;
+}
+
+template<> struct NFPArrangeItemTraits_<ArrangeItem> {
+    template<class Context, class Bed, class StopCond>
+    static ExPolygons calculate_nfp(const ArrangeItem &item,
+                                    const Context &packing_context,
+                                    const Bed &bed,
+                                    StopCond &&stopcond)
+    {
+        auto static_items = all_items_range(packing_context);
+        Polygons nfps = arr2::calculate_nfp_unnormalized(item, static_items, stopcond);
+
+        ExPolygons nfp_ex;
+
+        if (!stopcond()) {
+            if constexpr (!std::is_convertible_v<Bed, InfiniteBed>) {
+                ExPolygons ifpbed = ifp_convex(bed, item.envelope().convex_hull());
+                nfp_ex = diff_ex(ifpbed, nfps);
+            } else {
+                nfp_ex = union_ex(nfps);
+            }
+        }
+
+        item.update_caches();
+
+        return nfp_ex;
+    }
+
+    static const Vec2crd& reference_vertex(const ArrangeItem &item)
+    {
+        return item.envelope().reference_vertex();
+    }
+
+    static BoundingBox envelope_bounding_box(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope().bounding_box();
+    }
+
+    static BoundingBox fixed_bounding_box(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.shape().bounding_box();
+    }
+
+    static double envelope_area(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope().area_unscaled() * scaled<double>(1.) *
+               scaled<double>(1.);
+    }
+
+    static double fixed_area(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.shape().area_unscaled() * scaled<double>(1.) *
+               scaled<double>(1.);
+    }
+
+    static const Polygons & envelope_outline(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope().transformed_outline();
+    }
+
+    static const Polygons & fixed_outline(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.shape().transformed_outline();
+    }
+
+    static const Polygon & envelope_convex_hull(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope().convex_hull();
+    }
+
+    static const Polygon & fixed_convex_hull(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.shape().convex_hull();
+    }
+
+    static const std::vector<double>& allowed_rotations(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        static const std::vector<double> ret_zero = {0.};
+
+        const std::vector<double> * ret_ptr = &ret_zero;
+
+        auto rots = get_data<std::vector<double>>(itm, "rotations");
+        if (rots) {
+            ret_ptr = rots;
+        }
+
+        return *ret_ptr;
+    }
+
+    static Vec2crd fixed_centroid(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.shape().centroid();
+    }
+
+    static Vec2crd envelope_centroid(const ArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.envelope().centroid();
+    }
+};
+
+template<> struct IsMutableItem_<ArrangeItem>: public std::true_type {};
+
+template<>
+struct MutableItemTraits_<ArrangeItem> {
+
+    static void set_priority(ArrangeItem &itm, int p) { itm.priority(p); }
+    static void set_convex_shape(ArrangeItem &itm, const Polygon &shape)
+    {
+        itm.set_shape(DecomposedShape{shape});
+    }
+    static void set_shape(ArrangeItem &itm, const ExPolygons &shape)
+    {
+        itm.set_shape(decompose(shape));
+    }
+    static void set_convex_envelope(ArrangeItem &itm, const Polygon &envelope)
+    {
+        itm.set_envelope(DecomposedShape{envelope});
+    }
+    static void set_envelope(ArrangeItem &itm, const ExPolygons &envelope)
+    {
+        itm.set_envelope(decompose(envelope));
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    static void set_arbitrary_data(ArrangeItem &itm, const std::string &key, T &&data)
+    {
+        set_data(itm, key, std::forward<T>(data));
+    }
+
+    static void set_allowed_rotations(ArrangeItem &itm, const std::vector<double> &rotations)
+    {
+        set_data(itm, "rotations", rotations);
+    }
+};
+
+extern template struct ImbueableItemTraits_<ArrangeItem>;
+extern template class  ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrangeItem>;
+extern template struct ArrangeTask<ArrangeItem>;
+extern template struct FillBedTask<ArrangeItem>;
+extern template struct MultiplySelectionTask<ArrangeItem>;
+extern template class  Arranger<ArrangeItem>;
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // ARRANGEITEM_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Items/MutableItemTraits.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+
+#ifndef MutableItemTraits_HPP
+#define MutableItemTraits_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/DataStoreTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+template<class Itm> struct IsMutableItem_ : public std::false_type
+{};
+
+// Using this interface to set up any arrange item. Provides default
+// implementation but it needs to be explicitly switched on with
+// IsMutableItem_ or completely reimplement a specialization.
+template<class Itm, class En = void> struct MutableItemTraits_
+{
+    static_assert(IsMutableItem_<Itm>::value, "Not a Writable item type!");
+
+    static void set_priority(Itm &itm, int p) { itm.set_priority(p); }
+
+    static void set_convex_shape(Itm &itm, const Polygon &shape)
+    {
+        itm.set_convex_shape(shape);
+    }
+
+    static void set_shape(Itm &itm, const ExPolygons &shape)
+    {
+        itm.set_shape(shape);
+    }
+
+    static void set_convex_envelope(Itm &itm, const Polygon &envelope)
+    {
+        itm.set_convex_envelope(envelope);
+    }
+
+    static void set_envelope(Itm &itm, const ExPolygons &envelope)
+    {
+        itm.set_envelope(envelope);
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    static void set_arbitrary_data(Itm &itm, const std::string &key, T &&data)
+    {
+        if constexpr (IsWritableDataStore<Itm>)
+            set_data(itm, key, std::forward<T>(data));
+    }
+
+    static void set_allowed_rotations(Itm                       &itm,
+                                      const std::vector<double> &rotations)
+    {
+        itm.set_allowed_rotations(rotations);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class T>
+using MutableItemTraits = MutableItemTraits_<StripCVRef<T>>;
+
+template<class T> constexpr bool IsMutableItem = IsMutableItem_<T>::value;
+template<class T, class TT = T>
+using MutableItemOnly = std::enable_if_t<IsMutableItem<T>, TT>;
+
+template<class Itm> void set_priority(Itm &itm, int p)
+{
+    MutableItemTraits<Itm>::set_priority(itm, p);
+}
+
+template<class Itm> void set_convex_shape(Itm &itm, const Polygon &shape)
+{
+    MutableItemTraits<Itm>::set_convex_shape(itm, shape);
+}
+
+template<class Itm> void set_shape(Itm &itm, const ExPolygons &shape)
+{
+    MutableItemTraits<Itm>::set_shape(itm, shape);
+}
+
+template<class Itm>
+void set_convex_envelope(Itm &itm, const Polygon &envelope)
+{
+    MutableItemTraits<Itm>::set_convex_envelope(itm, envelope);
+}
+
+template<class Itm> void set_envelope(Itm &itm, const ExPolygons &envelope)
+{
+    MutableItemTraits<Itm>::set_envelope(itm, envelope);
+}
+
+template<class T, class Itm>
+void set_arbitrary_data(Itm &itm, const std::string &key, T &&data)
+{
+    MutableItemTraits<Itm>::set_arbitrary_data(itm, key, std::forward<T>(data));
+}
+
+template<class Itm>
+void set_allowed_rotations(Itm &itm, const std::vector<double> &rotations)
+{
+    MutableItemTraits<Itm>::set_allowed_rotations(itm, rotations);
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> int raise_priority(ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    int ret = get_priority(itm) + 1;
+    set_priority(itm, ret);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem> int reduce_priority(ArrItem &itm)
+{
+    int ret = get_priority(itm) - 1;
+    set_priority(itm, ret);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class It> int lowest_priority(const Range<It> &item_range)
+{
+    auto minp_it = std::min_element(item_range.begin(),
+                                    item_range.end(),
+                                    [](auto &itm1, auto &itm2) {
+                                        return get_priority(itm1) <
+                                               get_priority(itm2);
+                                    });
+
+    int min_priority = 0;
+    if (minp_it != item_range.end())
+        min_priority = get_priority(*minp_it);
+
+    return min_priority;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // MutableItemTraits_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Items/SimpleArrangeItem.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+#include "SimpleArrangeItem.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/ArrangeImpl.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/ArrangeTaskImpl.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/FillBedTaskImpl.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTaskImpl.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+Polygon SimpleArrangeItem::outline() const
+{
+    Polygon ret = shape();
+    ret.rotate(m_rotation);
+    ret.translate(m_translation);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template class  ArrangeableToItemConverter<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+template struct ArrangeTask<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+template struct FillBedTask<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+template struct MultiplySelectionTask<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+template class  Arranger<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Items/SimpleArrangeItem.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+
+#ifndef SIMPLEARRANGEITEM_HPP
+#define SIMPLEARRANGEITEM_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/PackingContext.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/NFP/NFP.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Arrange.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/ArrangeTask.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/FillBedTask.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTask.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Polygon.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp"
+
+#include "MutableItemTraits.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+class SimpleArrangeItem {
+    Polygon m_shape;
+
+    Vec2crd m_translation = Vec2crd::Zero();
+    double  m_rotation = 0.;
+    int     m_priority = 0;
+    int     m_bed_idx = Unarranged;
+
+    std::vector<double> m_allowed_rotations = {0.};
+    ObjectID m_obj_id;
+
+public:
+    explicit SimpleArrangeItem(Polygon chull = {}): m_shape{std::move(chull)} {}
+
+    void set_shape(Polygon chull) { m_shape = std::move(chull); }
+
+    const Vec2crd& get_translation() const noexcept { return m_translation; }
+    double get_rotation() const noexcept { return m_rotation; }
+    int get_priority() const noexcept { return m_priority; }
+    int get_bed_index() const noexcept { return m_bed_idx; }
+
+    void set_translation(const Vec2crd &v) { m_translation = v; }
+    void set_rotation(double v) noexcept { m_rotation = v; }
+    void set_priority(int v) noexcept { m_priority = v; }
+    void set_bed_index(int v) noexcept { m_bed_idx = v; }
+
+    const Polygon &shape() const { return m_shape; }
+    Polygon outline() const;
+
+    const auto &allowed_rotations() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_allowed_rotations;
+    }
+
+    void set_allowed_rotations(std::vector<double> rots)
+    {
+        m_allowed_rotations = std::move(rots);
+    }
+
+    void set_object_id(const ObjectID &id) noexcept { m_obj_id = id; }
+    const ObjectID & get_object_id() const noexcept { return m_obj_id; }
+};
+
+template<> struct NFPArrangeItemTraits_<SimpleArrangeItem>
+{
+    template<class Context, class Bed, class StopCond>
+    static ExPolygons calculate_nfp(const SimpleArrangeItem &item,
+                                    const Context &packing_context,
+                                    const Bed &bed,
+                                    StopCond &&stop_cond)
+    {
+        auto fixed_items = all_items_range(packing_context);
+        auto nfps = reserve_polygons(fixed_items.size());
+        for (const SimpleArrangeItem &fixed_part : fixed_items) {
+            Polygon subnfp = nfp_convex_convex_legacy(fixed_part.outline(),
+                                                      item.outline());
+            nfps.emplace_back(subnfp);
+
+
+            if (stop_cond()) {
+                nfps.clear();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ExPolygons nfp_ex;
+        if (!stop_cond()) {
+            if constexpr (!std::is_convertible_v<Bed, InfiniteBed>) {
+                ExPolygons ifpbed = ifp_convex(bed, item.outline());
+                nfp_ex = diff_ex(ifpbed, nfps);
+            } else {
+                nfp_ex = union_ex(nfps);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return nfp_ex;
+    }
+
+    static Vec2crd reference_vertex(const SimpleArrangeItem &item)
+    {
+        return Slic3r::reference_vertex(item.outline());
+    }
+
+    static BoundingBox envelope_bounding_box(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return get_extents(itm.outline());
+    }
+
+    static BoundingBox fixed_bounding_box(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return get_extents(itm.outline());
+    }
+
+    static Polygons envelope_outline(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return {itm.outline()};
+    }
+
+    static Polygons fixed_outline(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return {itm.outline()};
+    }
+
+    static Polygon envelope_convex_hull(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return Geometry::convex_hull(itm.outline());
+    }
+
+    static Polygon fixed_convex_hull(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return Geometry::convex_hull(itm.outline());
+    }
+
+    static double envelope_area(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.shape().area();
+    }
+
+    static double fixed_area(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        return itm.shape().area();
+    }
+
+    static const auto& allowed_rotations(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm) noexcept
+    {
+        return itm.allowed_rotations();
+    }
+
+    static Vec2crd fixed_centroid(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm) noexcept
+    {
+        return itm.outline().centroid();
+    }
+
+    static Vec2crd envelope_centroid(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm) noexcept
+    {
+        return itm.outline().centroid();
+    }
+};
+
+template<> struct IsMutableItem_<SimpleArrangeItem>: public std::true_type {};
+
+template<>
+struct MutableItemTraits_<SimpleArrangeItem> {
+
+    static void set_priority(SimpleArrangeItem &itm, int p) { itm.set_priority(p); }
+    static void set_convex_shape(SimpleArrangeItem &itm, const Polygon &shape)
+    {
+        itm.set_shape(shape);
+    }
+    static void set_shape(SimpleArrangeItem &itm, const ExPolygons &shape)
+    {
+        itm.set_shape(Geometry::convex_hull(shape));
+    }
+    static void set_convex_envelope(SimpleArrangeItem &itm, const Polygon &envelope)
+    {
+        itm.set_shape(envelope);
+    }
+    static void set_envelope(SimpleArrangeItem &itm, const ExPolygons &envelope)
+    {
+        itm.set_shape(Geometry::convex_hull(envelope));
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    static void set_data(SimpleArrangeItem &itm, const std::string &key, T &&data)
+    {}
+
+    static void set_allowed_rotations(SimpleArrangeItem &itm, const std::vector<double> &rotations)
+    {
+        itm.set_allowed_rotations(rotations);
+    }
+};
+
+template<> struct ImbueableItemTraits_<SimpleArrangeItem>
+{
+    static void imbue_id(SimpleArrangeItem &itm, const ObjectID &id)
+    {
+        itm.set_object_id(id);
+    }
+
+    static std::optional<ObjectID> retrieve_id(const SimpleArrangeItem &itm)
+    {
+        std::optional<ObjectID> ret;
+        if (itm.get_object_id().valid())
+            ret = itm.get_object_id();
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+extern template class  ArrangeableToItemConverter<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+extern template struct ArrangeTask<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+extern template struct FillBedTask<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+extern template struct MultiplySelectionTask<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+extern template class  Arranger<SimpleArrangeItem>;
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // SIMPLEARRANGEITEM_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Items/TrafoOnlyArrangeItem.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+
+#ifndef TRAFOONLYARRANGEITEM_HPP
+#define TRAFOONLYARRANGEITEM_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/ArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Items/ArbitraryDataStore.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Items/MutableItemTraits.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+class TrafoOnlyArrangeItem {
+    int m_bed_idx = Unarranged;
+    int m_priority = 0;
+    Vec2crd m_translation = Vec2crd::Zero();
+    double  m_rotation = 0.;
+
+    ArbitraryDataStore m_datastore;
+
+public:
+    TrafoOnlyArrangeItem() = default;
+
+    template<class ArrItm>
+    explicit TrafoOnlyArrangeItem(const ArrItm &other)
+        : m_bed_idx{arr2::get_bed_index(other)},
+          m_priority{arr2::get_priority(other)},
+          m_translation(arr2::get_translation(other)),
+          m_rotation{arr2::get_rotation(other)}
+    {}
+
+    const Vec2crd& get_translation() const noexcept { return m_translation; }
+    double get_rotation() const noexcept { return m_rotation; }
+    int get_bed_index() const noexcept { return m_bed_idx; }
+    int get_priority() const noexcept { return m_priority; }
+
+    const ArbitraryDataStore &datastore() const noexcept { return m_datastore; }
+    ArbitraryDataStore &datastore() { return m_datastore; }
+};
+
+template<> struct DataStoreTraits_<TrafoOnlyArrangeItem>
+{
+    static constexpr bool Implemented = true;
+
+    template<class T>
+    static const T *get(const TrafoOnlyArrangeItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return itm.datastore().get<T>(key);
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    static T *get(TrafoOnlyArrangeItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return itm.datastore().get<T>(key);
+    }
+
+    static bool has_key(const TrafoOnlyArrangeItem &itm, const std::string &key)
+    {
+        return itm.datastore().has_key(key);
+    }
+};
+
+template<> struct IsMutableItem_<TrafoOnlyArrangeItem>: public std::true_type {};
+
+template<> struct WritableDataStoreTraits_<TrafoOnlyArrangeItem>
+{
+    static constexpr bool Implemented = true;
+
+    template<class T>
+    static void set(TrafoOnlyArrangeItem &itm,
+                    const std::string &key,
+                    T &&data)
+    {
+        set_data(itm.datastore(), key, std::forward<T>(data));
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace arr2
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // TRAFOONLYARRANGEITEM_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Scene.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+
+#include "Scene.hpp"
+
+#include "Items/ArrangeItem.hpp"
+
+#include "Tasks/ArrangeTask.hpp"
+#include "Tasks/FillBedTask.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+std::vector<ObjectID> Scene::selected_ids() const
+{
+    auto items = reserve_vector<ObjectID>(model().arrangeable_count());
+
+    model().for_each_arrangeable([ &items](auto &arrbl) mutable {
+        if (arrbl.is_selected())
+            items.emplace_back(arrbl.id());
+    });
+
+    return items;
+}
+
+using DefaultArrangeItem = ArrangeItem;
+
+std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTaskBase> ArrangeTaskBase::create(Tasks task_type, const Scene &sc)
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTaskBase> ret;
+    switch(task_type) {
+    case Tasks::Arrange:
+        ret = ArrangeTask<ArrangeItem>::create(sc);
+        break;
+    case Tasks::FillBed:
+        ret = FillBedTask<ArrangeItem>::create(sc);
+        break;
+    default:
+        ;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+std::set<ObjectID> selected_geometry_ids(const Scene &sc)
+{
+    std::set<ObjectID> result;
+
+    std::vector<ObjectID> selected_ids = sc.selected_ids();
+    for (const ObjectID &id : selected_ids) {
+        sc.model().visit_arrangeable(id, [&result](const Arrangeable &arrbl) {
+            auto id = arrbl.geometry_id();
+            if (id.valid())
+                result.insert(arrbl.geometry_id());
+        });
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool arrange(Scene &scene, ArrangeTaskCtl &ctl)
+{
+    auto task = ArrangeTaskBase::create(Tasks::Arrange, scene);
+    auto result = task->process(ctl);
+    return result->apply_on(scene.model());
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Scene.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+
+#ifndef ARR2_SCENE_HPP
+#define ARR2_SCENE_HPP
+
+#include <any>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "libslic3r/ObjectID.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/AnyPtr.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/ArrangeSettingsView.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/SegmentedRectangleBed.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// This module contains all the necessary high level interfaces for
+// arrangement. No dependency on the rest of libslic3r is intoduced here. (No
+// Model, ModelObject, etc...) except for ObjectID.
+
+
+// An interface that allows to store arbitrary data (std::any) under a specific
+// key in an object implementing the interface. This is later used to pass
+// arbitrary parameters from any arrangeable object down to the arrangement core.
+class AnyWritable
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~AnyWritable() = default;
+
+    virtual void write(std::string_view key, std::any d) = 0;
+};
+
+// The interface that captures the objects which are actually moved around.
+// Implementations must provide means to extract the 2D outline that is used
+// by the arrangement core.
+class Arrangeable
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~Arrangeable() = default;
+
+    // ID is implementation specific, must uniquely identify an Arrangeable
+    // object.
+    virtual ObjectID id() const = 0;
+
+    // This is different than id(), and identifies an underlying group into
+    // which the Arrangeable belongs. Can be used to group arrangeables sharing
+    // the same outline.
+    virtual ObjectID   geometry_id() const    = 0;
+
+    // Outline extraction can be a demanding operation, so there is a separate
+    // method the extract the full outline of an object and the convex hull only
+    // It will depend on the arrangement config to choose which one is called.
+    // convex_outline might be considerably faster than calling full_outline()
+    // and then calculating the convex hull from that.
+    virtual ExPolygons full_outline() const   = 0;
+    virtual Polygon    convex_outline() const = 0;
+
+    // Envelope is the boundary that an arrangeble object might have which
+    // is used when the object is being placed or moved around. Once it is
+    // placed, the outline (convex or full) will be used to determine the
+    // boundaries instead of the envelope. This concept can be used to
+    // implement arranging objects with support structures that can overlap,
+    // but never touch the actual object. In this case, full envelope would
+    // return the silhouette of the object with supports (pad, brim, etc...) and
+    // outline would be the actual object boundary.
+    virtual ExPolygons full_envelope() const { return {}; }
+    virtual Polygon    convex_envelope() const { return {}; }
+
+    // Write the transformations determined by the arrangement into the object
+    virtual void transform(const Vec2d &transl, double rot) = 0;
+
+    // An arrangeable can be printable or unprintable, they should not be on
+    // the same bed. (See arrange tasks)
+    virtual bool is_printable() const { return true; }
+
+    // An arrangeable can be selected or not, this will determine if treated
+    // as static objects or movable ones.
+    virtual bool is_selected() const { return true; }
+
+    // Determines the order in which the objects are arranged. Higher priority
+    // objects are arranged first.
+    virtual int  priority() const { return 0; }
+
+    // Any implementation specific properties can be passed to the arrangement
+    // core by overriding this method. This implies that the specific Arranger
+    // will be able to interpret these properties. An example usage is to mark
+    // special objects (like a wipe tower)
+    virtual void imbue_data(AnyWritable &datastore) const {}
+
+    // for convinience to pass an AnyWritable created in the same expression
+    // as the method call
+    void imbue_data(AnyWritable &&datastore) const { imbue_data(datastore); }
+
+    // An Arrangeable might reside on a logical bed instead of the real one
+    // in case that the arrangement can not fit it onto the real bed. Handling
+    // of logical beds is also implementation specific and are specified with
+    // the next two methods:
+
+    // Returns the bed index on which the given Arrangeable is sitting.
+    virtual int get_bed_index() const = 0;
+
+    // Assign the Arrangeable to the given bed index. Note that this
+    // method can return false, indicating that the given bed is not available
+    // to be occupied.
+    virtual bool assign_bed(int bed_idx) = 0;
+};
+
+// Arrangeable objects are provided by an ArrangeableModel which is also able to
+// create new arrangeables given a prototype id to copy.
+class ArrangeableModel
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~ArrangeableModel() = default;
+
+    // Visit all arrangeable in this model and call the provided visitor
+    virtual void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) = 0;
+    virtual void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(const Arrangeable&)>) const = 0;
+
+    // Visit a specific arrangeable identified by it's id
+    virtual void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)>) const = 0;
+    virtual void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) = 0;
+
+    // Add a new arrangeable which is a copy of the one matching prototype_id
+    // Return the new object id or an invalid id if the new object was not
+    // created.
+    virtual ObjectID add_arrangeable(const ObjectID &prototype_id) = 0;
+
+    size_t arrangeable_count() const
+    {
+        size_t cnt = 0;
+        for_each_arrangeable([&cnt](auto &) { ++cnt; });
+
+        return cnt;
+    }
+};
+
+// The special bed type used by XL printers
+using XLBed = SegmentedRectangleBed<std::integral_constant<size_t, 4>,
+                                    std::integral_constant<size_t, 4>>;
+
+// ExtendedBed is a variant type holding all bed types supported by the
+// arrange core and the additional XLBed
+
+template<class... Args> struct ExtendedBed_
+{
+    using Type =
+        boost::variant<XLBed, /* insert other types if needed*/ Args...>;
+};
+
+template<class... Args> struct ExtendedBed_<boost::variant<Args...>>
+{
+    using Type = boost::variant<XLBed, Args...>;
+};
+
+using ExtendedBed = typename ExtendedBed_<ArrangeBed>::Type;
+
+template<class BedFn> void visit_bed(BedFn &&fn, const ExtendedBed &bed)
+{
+    boost::apply_visitor(fn, bed);
+}
+
+template<class BedFn> void visit_bed(BedFn &&fn, ExtendedBed &bed)
+{
+    boost::apply_visitor(fn, bed);
+}
+
+inline BoundingBox bounding_box(const ExtendedBed &bed)
+{
+    BoundingBox bedbb;
+    visit_bed([&bedbb](auto &rawbed) { bedbb = bounding_box(rawbed); }, bed);
+
+    return bedbb;
+}
+
+class Scene;
+
+// SceneBuilderBase is intended for Scene construction. A simple constructor
+// is not enough here to capture all the possible ways of constructing a Scene.
+// Subclasses of SceneBuilderBase can add more domain specific methods and
+// overloads. An rvalue object of this class is handed over to the Scene
+// constructor which can then establish itself using the provided builder.
+
+// A little CRTP is used to implement fluent interface returning Subclass
+// references.
+template<class Subclass>
+class SceneBuilderBase
+{
+protected:
+    AnyPtr<ArrangeableModel> m_arrangeable_model;
+
+    AnyPtr<const ArrangeSettingsView> m_settings;
+
+    ExtendedBed m_bed = arr2::InfiniteBed{};
+
+    coord_t m_brims_offs = 0;
+    coord_t m_skirt_offs = 0;
+
+public:
+
+    virtual ~SceneBuilderBase() = default;
+
+    SceneBuilderBase() = default;
+    SceneBuilderBase(const SceneBuilderBase &) = delete;
+    SceneBuilderBase& operator=(const SceneBuilderBase &) = delete;
+    SceneBuilderBase(SceneBuilderBase &&) = default;
+    SceneBuilderBase& operator=(SceneBuilderBase &&) = default;
+
+    // All setters return an rvalue reference so that at the end, the
+    // build_scene method can be called fluently
+
+    Subclass &&set_arrange_settings(AnyPtr<const ArrangeSettingsView> settings)
+    {
+        m_settings = std::move(settings);
+        return std::move(static_cast<Subclass&>(*this));
+    }
+
+    Subclass &&set_arrange_settings(const ArrangeSettingsView &settings)
+    {
+        m_settings = std::make_unique<ArrangeSettings>(settings);
+        return std::move(static_cast<Subclass&>(*this));
+    }
+
+    Subclass &&set_bed(const Points &pts)
+    {
+        m_bed = arr2::to_arrange_bed(pts);
+        return std::move(static_cast<Subclass&>(*this));
+    }
+
+    Subclass && set_bed(const arr2::ArrangeBed &bed)
+    {
+        m_bed = bed;
+        return std::move(static_cast<Subclass&>(*this));
+    }
+
+    Subclass &&set_bed(const XLBed &bed)
+    {
+        m_bed = bed;
+        return std::move(static_cast<Subclass&>(*this));
+    }
+
+    Subclass &&set_arrangeable_model(AnyPtr<ArrangeableModel> model)
+    {
+        m_arrangeable_model = std::move(model);
+        return std::move(static_cast<Subclass&>(*this));
+    }
+
+    // Can only be called on an rvalue instance (hence the && at the end),
+    // the method will potentially move its content into sc
+    virtual void build_scene(Scene &sc) &&;
+};
+
+class BasicSceneBuilder: public SceneBuilderBase<BasicSceneBuilder> {};
+
+// The Scene class captures all data needed to do an arrangement.
+class Scene
+{
+    template <class Sub> friend class SceneBuilderBase;
+
+    // These fields always need to be initialized to valid objects after
+    // construction of Scene which is ensured by the SceneBuilder
+    AnyPtr<ArrangeableModel>                m_amodel;
+    AnyPtr<const ArrangeSettingsView>       m_settings;
+    ExtendedBed m_bed;
+
+public:
+    // Can only be built from an rvalue SceneBuilder, as it's content will
+    // potentially be moved to the constructed ArrangeScene object
+    template<class Sub>
+    explicit Scene(SceneBuilderBase<Sub> &&bld)
+    {
+        std::move(bld).build_scene(*this);
+    }
+
+    const ArrangeableModel &model() const noexcept { return *m_amodel; }
+    ArrangeableModel       &model() noexcept { return *m_amodel; }
+
+    const ArrangeSettingsView &settings() const noexcept { return *m_settings; }
+
+    template<class BedFn> void visit_bed(BedFn &&fn) const
+    {
+        arr2::visit_bed(fn, m_bed);
+    }
+
+    const ExtendedBed & bed() const { return m_bed; }
+
+    std::vector<ObjectID> selected_ids() const;
+};
+
+std::set<ObjectID> selected_geometry_ids(const Scene &sc);
+
+class EmptyArrangeableModel: public ArrangeableModel
+{
+public:
+    void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) override {}
+    void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(const Arrangeable&)>) const override {}
+    void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)>) const override {}
+    void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) override {}
+    ObjectID add_arrangeable(const ObjectID &prototype_id) override { return {}; }
+};
+
+template<class Subclass>
+void SceneBuilderBase<Subclass>::build_scene(Scene &sc) &&
+{
+    if (!m_arrangeable_model)
+        m_arrangeable_model = std::make_unique<EmptyArrangeableModel>();
+
+    if (!m_settings)
+        m_settings = std::make_unique<arr2::ArrangeSettings>();
+
+    coord_t inset = std::max(scaled(m_settings->get_distance_from_bed()),
+                             m_skirt_offs + m_brims_offs);
+
+    coord_t md = scaled(m_settings->get_distance_from_objects());
+    md = md / 2 - inset;
+
+    visit_bed([md](auto &rawbed) { rawbed = offset(rawbed, md); }, m_bed);
+
+    sc.m_settings = std::move(m_settings);
+    sc.m_amodel = std::move(m_arrangeable_model);
+    sc.m_bed = std::move(m_bed);
+}
+
+// Arrange tasks produce an object implementing this interface. The arrange
+// result can be applied to an ArrangeableModel which may or may not succeed.
+// The ArrangeableModel could be in a different state (it's objects may have
+// changed or removed) than it was at the time of arranging.
+class ArrangeResult
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~ArrangeResult() = default;
+
+    virtual bool apply_on(ArrangeableModel &mdlwt) = 0;
+};
+
+enum class Tasks { Arrange, FillBed };
+
+class ArrangeTaskCtl
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~ArrangeTaskCtl() = default;
+
+    virtual void update_status(int st) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool was_canceled() const = 0;
+};
+
+class DummyCtl : public ArrangeTaskCtl
+{
+public:
+    void update_status(int) override {}
+    bool was_canceled() const override { return false; }
+};
+
+class ArrangeTaskBase
+{
+public:
+    using Ctl = ArrangeTaskCtl;
+
+    virtual ~ArrangeTaskBase() = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::unique_ptr<ArrangeResult> process(Ctl &ctl) = 0;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual int item_count_to_process() const = 0;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTaskBase> create(
+        Tasks task_type, const Scene &sc);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<ArrangeResult> process(Ctl &&ctl)
+    {
+        return process(ctl);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<ArrangeResult> process()
+    {
+        return process(DummyCtl{});
+    }
+};
+
+bool arrange(Scene &scene, ArrangeTaskCtl &ctl);
+inline bool arrange(Scene &scene, ArrangeTaskCtl &&ctl = DummyCtl{})
+{
+    return arrange(scene, ctl);
+}
+
+inline bool arrange(Scene &&scene, ArrangeTaskCtl &ctl)
+{
+    return arrange(scene, ctl);
+}
+
+inline bool arrange(Scene &&scene, ArrangeTaskCtl &&ctl = DummyCtl{})
+{
+    return arrange(scene, ctl);
+}
+
+template<class Builder, class Ctl = DummyCtl>
+bool arrange(SceneBuilderBase<Builder> &&builder, Ctl &&ctl = {})
+{
+    return arrange(Scene{std::move(builder)}, ctl);
+}
+
+} // namespace arr2
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // ARR2_SCENE_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/SceneBuilder.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,928 @@
+
+#ifndef SCENEBUILDER_CPP
+#define SCENEBUILDER_CPP
+
+#include "SceneBuilder.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Model.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Print.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/SLAPrint.hpp"
+
+#include "Core/ArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+#include "Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+coord_t get_skirt_inset(const Print &fffprint)
+{
+    float skirt_inset = 0.f;
+
+    if (fffprint.has_skirt()) {
+        float skirtflow = fffprint.objects().empty()
+                              ? 0
+                              : fffprint.skirt_flow().width();
+        skirt_inset = fffprint.config().skirts.value * skirtflow
+                      + fffprint.config().skirt_distance.value;
+    }
+
+    return scaled(skirt_inset);
+}
+
+coord_t brim_offset(const PrintObject &po)
+{
+    const BrimType brim_type       = po.config().brim_type.value;
+    const float    brim_separation = po.config().brim_separation.getFloat();
+    const float    brim_width      = po.config().brim_width.getFloat();
+    const bool     has_outer_brim  = brim_type == BrimType::btOuterOnly ||
+                                brim_type == BrimType::btOuterAndInner;
+
+    // How wide is the brim? (in scaled units)
+    return has_outer_brim ? scaled(brim_width + brim_separation) : 0;
+}
+
+size_t model_instance_count (const Model &m)
+{
+    return std::accumulate(m.objects.begin(),
+                           m.objects.end(),
+                           size_t(0),
+                           [](size_t s, const Slic3r::ModelObject *mo) {
+                               return s + mo->instances.size();
+                           });
+}
+
+void transform_instance(ModelInstance     &mi,
+                        const Vec2d       &transl_unscaled,
+                        double             rot,
+                        const Transform3d &physical_tr)
+{
+    auto trafo = mi.get_transformation().get_matrix();
+    auto tr = Transform3d::Identity();
+    tr.translate(to_3d(transl_unscaled, 0.));
+    trafo = physical_tr.inverse() * tr * Eigen::AngleAxisd(rot, Vec3d::UnitZ()) * physical_tr * trafo;
+
+    mi.set_transformation(Geometry::Transformation{trafo});
+
+    mi.invalidate_object_bounding_box();
+}
+
+BoundingBoxf3 instance_bounding_box(const ModelInstance &mi,
+                                    const Transform3d &tr,
+                                    bool dont_translate)
+{
+    BoundingBoxf3 bb;
+    const Transform3d inst_matrix
+        = dont_translate ? mi.get_transformation().get_matrix_no_offset()
+                         : mi.get_transformation().get_matrix();
+
+    for (ModelVolume *v : mi.get_object()->volumes) {
+        if (v->is_model_part()) {
+            bb.merge(v->mesh().transformed_bounding_box(tr * inst_matrix
+                                                        * v->get_matrix()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return bb;
+}
+
+BoundingBoxf3 instance_bounding_box(const ModelInstance &mi, bool dont_translate)
+{
+    return instance_bounding_box(mi, Transform3d::Identity(), dont_translate);
+}
+
+bool check_coord_bounds(const BoundingBoxf &bb)
+{
+    return std::abs(bb.min.x()) < UnscaledCoordLimit &&
+           std::abs(bb.min.y()) < UnscaledCoordLimit &&
+           std::abs(bb.max.x()) < UnscaledCoordLimit &&
+           std::abs(bb.max.y()) < UnscaledCoordLimit;
+}
+
+ExPolygons extract_full_outline(const ModelInstance &inst, const Transform3d &tr)
+{
+    ExPolygons outline;
+
+    if (check_coord_bounds(to_2d(instance_bounding_box(inst, tr)))) {
+        for (const ModelVolume *v : inst.get_object()->volumes) {
+            Polygons vol_outline;
+
+            vol_outline = project_mesh(v->mesh().its,
+                                       tr * inst.get_matrix() * v->get_matrix(),
+                                       [] {});
+            switch (v->type()) {
+            case ModelVolumeType::MODEL_PART:
+                outline = union_ex(outline, vol_outline);
+                break;
+            case ModelVolumeType::NEGATIVE_VOLUME:
+                outline = diff_ex(outline, vol_outline);
+                break;
+            default:;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return outline;
+}
+
+Polygon extract_convex_outline(const ModelInstance &inst, const Transform3d &tr)
+{
+    auto bb = to_2d(instance_bounding_box(inst, tr));
+    Polygon ret;
+
+    if (check_coord_bounds(bb)) {
+        ret = inst.get_object()->convex_hull_2d(tr * inst.get_matrix());
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+inline static bool is_infinite_bed(const ExtendedBed &ebed) noexcept
+{
+    bool ret = false;
+    visit_bed(
+        [&ret](auto &rawbed) {
+            ret = std::is_convertible_v<decltype(rawbed), InfiniteBed>;
+        },
+        ebed);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void SceneBuilder::set_brim_and_skirt()
+{
+    if (!m_fff_print)
+        return;
+
+    m_brims_offs = 0;
+
+    for (const PrintObject *po : m_fff_print->objects()) {
+        if (po) {
+            m_brims_offs = std::max(m_brims_offs, brim_offset(*po));
+        }
+    }
+
+    m_skirt_offs = get_skirt_inset(*m_fff_print);
+}
+
+void SceneBuilder::build_scene(Scene &sc) &&
+{
+    if (m_sla_print && !m_fff_print) {
+        m_arrangeable_model = std::make_unique<ArrangeableSLAPrint>(m_sla_print.get(), *this);
+    } else {
+        m_arrangeable_model = std::make_unique<ArrangeableSlicerModel>(*this);
+    }
+
+    if (m_fff_print && !m_sla_print) {
+        if (is_infinite_bed(m_bed)) {
+            set_bed(*m_fff_print);
+        } else {
+            set_brim_and_skirt();
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::move(*this).SceneBuilderBase<SceneBuilder>::build_scene(sc);
+}
+
+void SceneBuilder::build_arrangeable_slicer_model(ArrangeableSlicerModel &amodel)
+{
+    if (!m_model)
+        m_model = std::make_unique<Model>();
+
+    if (!m_selection)
+        m_selection = std::make_unique<FixedSelection>(*m_model);
+
+    if (!m_vbed_handler) {
+        m_vbed_handler = VirtualBedHandler::create(m_bed);
+    }
+
+    if (!m_wipetower_handler) {
+        m_wipetower_handler = std::make_unique<MissingWipeTowerHandler>();
+    }
+
+    if (m_fff_print && !m_xl_printer)
+        m_xl_printer = is_XL_printer(m_fff_print->config());
+
+    bool has_wipe_tower = false;
+    m_wipetower_handler->visit(
+        [&has_wipe_tower](const Arrangeable &arrbl) { has_wipe_tower = true; });
+
+    if (m_xl_printer && !has_wipe_tower) {
+        m_bed = XLBed{bounding_box(m_bed)};
+    }
+
+    amodel.m_vbed_handler = std::move(m_vbed_handler);
+    amodel.m_model = std::move(m_model);
+    amodel.m_selmask = std::move(m_selection);
+    amodel.m_wth = std::move(m_wipetower_handler);
+
+    amodel.m_wth->set_selection_predicate(
+        [&amodel] { return amodel.m_selmask->is_wipe_tower(); });
+}
+
+int XStriderVBedHandler::get_bed_index(const VBedPlaceable &obj) const
+{
+    int bedidx = 0;
+    auto stride_s = stride_scaled();
+    if (stride_s > 0) {
+        double bedx = unscaled(m_start);
+        auto instance_bb = obj.bounding_box();
+        auto reference_pos_x = (instance_bb.min.x() - bedx);
+        auto stride = unscaled(stride_s);
+
+        auto bedidx_d = std::floor(reference_pos_x / stride);
+
+        if (bedidx_d < std::numeric_limits<int>::min())
+            bedidx = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        else if (bedidx_d > std::numeric_limits<int>::max())
+            bedidx = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+        else
+            bedidx = static_cast<int>(bedidx_d);
+    }
+
+    return bedidx;
+}
+
+bool XStriderVBedHandler::assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &obj, int bed_index)
+{
+    bool ret = false;
+    auto stride_s = stride_scaled();
+    if (bed_index == 0 || (bed_index > 0 && stride_s > 0)) {
+        auto current_bed_index = get_bed_index(obj);
+        auto stride = unscaled(stride_s);
+        auto transl = Vec2d{(bed_index - current_bed_index) * stride, 0.};
+        obj.displace(transl, 0.);
+
+        ret = true;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Transform3d XStriderVBedHandler::get_physical_bed_trafo(int bed_index) const
+{
+    auto stride_s = stride_scaled();
+    auto tr = Transform3d::Identity();
+    tr.translate(Vec3d{-bed_index * unscaled(stride_s), 0., 0.});
+
+    return tr;
+}
+
+int YStriderVBedHandler::get_bed_index(const VBedPlaceable &obj) const
+{
+    int bedidx = 0;
+    auto stride_s = stride_scaled();
+    if (stride_s > 0) {
+        double ystart = unscaled(m_start);
+        auto instance_bb = obj.bounding_box();
+        auto reference_pos_y = (instance_bb.min.y() - ystart);
+        auto stride = unscaled(stride_s);
+
+        auto bedidx_d = std::floor(reference_pos_y / stride);
+
+        if (bedidx_d < std::numeric_limits<int>::min())
+            bedidx = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+        else if (bedidx_d > std::numeric_limits<int>::max())
+            bedidx = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+        else
+            bedidx = static_cast<int>(bedidx_d);
+    }
+
+    return bedidx;
+}
+
+bool YStriderVBedHandler::assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &obj, int bed_index)
+{
+    bool ret = false;
+    auto stride_s = stride_scaled();
+    if (bed_index == 0 || (bed_index > 0 && stride_s > 0)) {
+        auto current_bed_index = get_bed_index(obj);
+        auto stride = unscaled(stride_s);
+        auto transl = Vec2d{0., (bed_index - current_bed_index) * stride};
+        obj.displace(transl, 0.);
+
+        ret = true;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Transform3d YStriderVBedHandler::get_physical_bed_trafo(int bed_index) const
+{
+    auto stride_s = stride_scaled();
+    auto tr = Transform3d::Identity();
+    tr.translate(Vec3d{0., -bed_index * unscaled(stride_s), 0.});
+
+    return tr;
+}
+
+const int GridStriderVBedHandler::Cols =
+    2 * static_cast<int>(std::sqrt(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()) / 2);
+
+const int GridStriderVBedHandler::HalfCols = Cols / 2;
+const int GridStriderVBedHandler::Offset = HalfCols + Cols * HalfCols;
+
+Vec2i GridStriderVBedHandler::raw2grid(int bed_idx) const
+{
+    bed_idx += Offset;
+
+    Vec2i ret{bed_idx % Cols - HalfCols, bed_idx / Cols - HalfCols};
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int GridStriderVBedHandler::grid2raw(const Vec2i &crd) const
+{
+    // Overlapping virtual beds will happen if the crd values exceed limits
+    assert((crd.x() < HalfCols - 1 && crd.x() >= -HalfCols) &&
+           (crd.y() < HalfCols - 1 && crd.y() >= -HalfCols));
+
+    return (crd.x() + HalfCols) + Cols * (crd.y() + HalfCols) - Offset;
+}
+
+int GridStriderVBedHandler::get_bed_index(const VBedPlaceable &obj) const
+{
+    Vec2i crd = {m_xstrider.get_bed_index(obj), m_ystrider.get_bed_index(obj)};
+
+    return grid2raw(crd);
+}
+
+bool GridStriderVBedHandler::assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &inst, int bed_idx)
+{
+    Vec2i crd = raw2grid(bed_idx);
+
+    bool retx = m_xstrider.assign_bed(inst, crd.x());
+    bool rety = m_ystrider.assign_bed(inst, crd.y());
+
+    return retx && rety;
+}
+
+Transform3d GridStriderVBedHandler::get_physical_bed_trafo(int bed_idx) const
+{
+    Vec2i crd = raw2grid(bed_idx);
+
+    Transform3d ret = m_xstrider.get_physical_bed_trafo(crd.x()) *
+                      m_ystrider.get_physical_bed_trafo(crd.y());
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+FixedSelection::FixedSelection(const Model &m) : m_wp{true}
+{
+    m_seldata.resize(m.objects.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m.objects.size(); ++i) {
+        m_seldata[i].resize(m.objects[i]->instances.size(), true);
+    }
+}
+
+FixedSelection::FixedSelection(const SelectionMask &other)
+{
+    auto obj_sel = other.selected_objects();
+    m_seldata.reserve(obj_sel.size());
+    for (int oidx = 0; oidx < static_cast<int>(obj_sel.size()); ++oidx)
+        m_seldata.emplace_back(other.selected_instances(oidx));
+}
+
+std::vector<bool> FixedSelection::selected_objects() const
+{
+    auto ret = Slic3r::reserve_vector<bool>(m_seldata.size());
+    std::transform(m_seldata.begin(),
+                   m_seldata.end(),
+                   std::back_inserter(ret),
+                   [](auto &a) {
+                       return std::any_of(a.begin(), a.end(), [](bool b) {
+                           return b;
+                       });
+                   });
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static std::vector<size_t> find_true_indices(const std::vector<bool> &v)
+{
+    auto ret = reserve_vector<size_t>(v.size());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+        if (v[i])
+            ret.emplace_back(i);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> selected_object_indices(const SelectionMask &sm)
+{
+    auto sel = sm.selected_objects();
+    return find_true_indices(sel);
+}
+
+std::vector<size_t> selected_instance_indices(int obj_idx, const SelectionMask &sm)
+{
+    auto sel = sm.selected_instances(obj_idx);
+    return find_true_indices(sel);
+}
+
+SceneBuilder::SceneBuilder() = default;
+SceneBuilder::~SceneBuilder() = default;
+SceneBuilder::SceneBuilder(SceneBuilder &&) = default;
+SceneBuilder& SceneBuilder::operator=(SceneBuilder&&) = default;
+
+SceneBuilder &&SceneBuilder::set_model(AnyPtr<Model> mdl)
+{
+    m_model = std::move(mdl);
+    return std::move(*this);
+}
+
+SceneBuilder &&SceneBuilder::set_model(Model &mdl)
+{
+    m_model = &mdl;
+    return std::move(*this);
+}
+
+SceneBuilder &&SceneBuilder::set_fff_print(AnyPtr<const Print> mdl_print)
+{
+    m_fff_print = std::move(mdl_print);
+    return std::move(*this);
+}
+
+SceneBuilder &&SceneBuilder::set_sla_print(AnyPtr<const SLAPrint> mdl_print)
+{
+    m_sla_print = std::move(mdl_print);
+
+    return std::move(*this);
+}
+
+SceneBuilder &&SceneBuilder::set_bed(const DynamicPrintConfig &cfg)
+{
+    Points bedpts = get_bed_shape(cfg);
+
+    if (is_XL_printer(cfg)) {
+        m_xl_printer = true;
+    }
+
+    m_bed = arr2::to_arrange_bed(bedpts);
+
+    return std::move(*this);
+}
+
+SceneBuilder &&SceneBuilder::set_bed(const Print &print)
+{
+    Points bedpts = get_bed_shape(print.config());
+
+    if (is_XL_printer(print.config())) {
+        m_bed = XLBed{get_extents(bedpts)};
+    } else {
+        m_bed = arr2::to_arrange_bed(bedpts);
+    }
+
+    set_brim_and_skirt();
+
+    return std::move(*this);
+}
+
+SceneBuilder &&SceneBuilder::set_sla_print(const SLAPrint *slaprint)
+{
+    m_sla_print = slaprint;
+    return std::move(*this);
+}
+
+int ArrangeableWipeTowerBase::get_bed_index() const { return PhysicalBedId; }
+
+bool ArrangeableWipeTowerBase::assign_bed(int bed_idx)
+{
+    return bed_idx == PhysicalBedId;
+}
+
+bool PhysicalOnlyVBedHandler::assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &inst, int bed_idx)
+{
+    return bed_idx == PhysicalBedId;
+}
+
+ArrangeableSlicerModel::ArrangeableSlicerModel(SceneBuilder &builder)
+{
+    builder.build_arrangeable_slicer_model(*this);
+}
+
+ArrangeableSlicerModel::~ArrangeableSlicerModel() = default;
+
+void ArrangeableSlicerModel::for_each_arrangeable(
+    std::function<void(Arrangeable &)> fn)
+{
+    for_each_arrangeable_(*this, fn);
+
+    m_wth->visit(fn);
+}
+
+void ArrangeableSlicerModel::for_each_arrangeable(
+    std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)> fn) const
+{
+    for_each_arrangeable_(*this, fn);
+
+    m_wth->visit(fn);
+}
+
+ObjectID ArrangeableSlicerModel::add_arrangeable(const ObjectID &prototype_id)
+{
+    ObjectID ret;
+
+    auto [inst, pos] = find_instance_by_id(*m_model, prototype_id);
+    if (inst) {
+        auto new_inst = inst->get_object()->add_instance(*inst);
+        if (new_inst) {
+            ret = new_inst->id();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class Self, class Fn>
+void ArrangeableSlicerModel::for_each_arrangeable_(Self &&self, Fn &&fn)
+{
+    InstPos pos;
+    for (auto *obj : self.m_model->objects) {
+        for (auto *inst : obj->instances) {
+            ArrangeableModelInstance ainst{inst, self.m_vbed_handler.get(), self.m_selmask.get(), pos};
+            fn(ainst);
+            ++pos.inst_idx;
+        }
+        pos.inst_idx = 0;
+        ++pos.obj_idx;
+    }
+}
+
+template<class Self, class Fn>
+void ArrangeableSlicerModel::visit_arrangeable_(Self &&self, const ObjectID &id, Fn &&fn)
+{
+    if (id == self.m_model->wipe_tower.id()) {
+        self.m_wth->visit(fn);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto [inst, pos] = find_instance_by_id(*self.m_model, id);
+
+    if (inst) {
+        ArrangeableModelInstance ainst{inst, self.m_vbed_handler.get(), self.m_selmask.get(), pos};
+        fn(ainst);
+    }
+}
+
+void ArrangeableSlicerModel::visit_arrangeable(
+    const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)> fn) const
+{
+    visit_arrangeable_(*this, id, fn);
+}
+
+void ArrangeableSlicerModel::visit_arrangeable(
+    const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(Arrangeable &)> fn)
+{
+    visit_arrangeable_(*this, id, fn);
+}
+
+template<class Self, class Fn>
+void ArrangeableSLAPrint::for_each_arrangeable_(Self &&self, Fn &&fn)
+{
+    InstPos pos;
+    for (auto *obj : self.m_model->objects) {
+        for (auto *inst : obj->instances) {
+            ArrangeableModelInstance ainst{inst, self.m_vbed_handler.get(),
+                                           self.m_selmask.get(), pos};
+
+            auto obj_id = inst->get_object()->id();
+            const SLAPrintObject *po =
+                self.m_slaprint->get_print_object_by_model_object_id(obj_id);
+
+            if (po) {
+                auto &vbh = self.m_vbed_handler;
+                auto phtr = vbh->get_physical_bed_trafo(vbh->get_bed_index(VBedPlaceableMI{*inst}));
+                ArrangeableSLAPrintObject ainst_po{po, &ainst, phtr * inst->get_matrix()};
+                fn(ainst_po);
+            } else {
+                fn(ainst);
+            }
+
+            ++pos.inst_idx;
+        }
+        pos.inst_idx = 0;
+        ++pos.obj_idx;
+    }
+}
+
+void ArrangeableSLAPrint::for_each_arrangeable(
+    std::function<void(Arrangeable &)> fn)
+{
+    for_each_arrangeable_(*this, fn);
+
+    m_wth->visit(fn);
+}
+
+void ArrangeableSLAPrint::for_each_arrangeable(
+    std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)> fn) const
+{
+    for_each_arrangeable_(*this, fn);
+
+    m_wth->visit(fn);
+}
+
+template<class Self, class Fn>
+void ArrangeableSLAPrint::visit_arrangeable_(Self &&self, const ObjectID &id, Fn &&fn)
+{
+    auto [inst, pos] = find_instance_by_id(*self.m_model, id);
+
+    if (inst) {
+        ArrangeableModelInstance ainst{inst, self.m_vbed_handler.get(),
+                                       self.m_selmask.get(), pos};
+
+        auto obj_id = inst->get_object()->id();
+        const SLAPrintObject *po =
+            self.m_slaprint->get_print_object_by_model_object_id(obj_id);
+
+        if (po) {
+            auto &vbh = self.m_vbed_handler;
+            auto phtr = vbh->get_physical_bed_trafo(vbh->get_bed_index(VBedPlaceableMI{*inst}));
+            ArrangeableSLAPrintObject ainst_po{po, &ainst, phtr * inst->get_matrix()};
+            fn(ainst_po);
+        } else {
+            fn(ainst);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ArrangeableSLAPrint::visit_arrangeable(
+    const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)> fn) const
+{
+    visit_arrangeable_(*this, id, fn);
+}
+
+void ArrangeableSLAPrint::visit_arrangeable(
+    const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(Arrangeable &)> fn)
+{
+    visit_arrangeable_(*this, id, fn);
+}
+
+template<class InstPtr, class VBedHPtr>
+ExPolygons ArrangeableModelInstance<InstPtr, VBedHPtr>::full_outline() const
+{
+    int bedidx = m_vbedh->get_bed_index(*this);
+    auto tr = m_vbedh->get_physical_bed_trafo(bedidx);
+
+    return extract_full_outline(*m_mi, tr);
+}
+
+template<class InstPtr, class VBedHPtr>
+Polygon ArrangeableModelInstance<InstPtr, VBedHPtr>::convex_outline() const
+{
+    int bedidx = m_vbedh->get_bed_index(*this);
+    auto tr = m_vbedh->get_physical_bed_trafo(bedidx);
+
+    return extract_convex_outline(*m_mi, tr);
+}
+
+template<class InstPtr, class VBedHPtr>
+bool ArrangeableModelInstance<InstPtr, VBedHPtr>::is_selected() const
+{
+    bool ret = false;
+
+    if (m_selmask) {
+        auto sel = m_selmask->selected_instances(m_pos_within_model.obj_idx);
+        if (m_pos_within_model.inst_idx < sel.size() &&
+            sel[m_pos_within_model.inst_idx])
+            ret = true;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class InstPtr, class VBedHPtr>
+void ArrangeableModelInstance<InstPtr, VBedHPtr>::transform(const Vec2d &transl, double rot)
+{
+    if constexpr (!std::is_const_v<InstPtr> && !std::is_const_v<VBedHPtr>) {
+        int bedidx = m_vbedh->get_bed_index(*this);
+        auto physical_trafo = m_vbedh->get_physical_bed_trafo(bedidx);
+
+        transform_instance(*m_mi, transl, rot, physical_trafo);
+    }
+}
+
+template<class InstPtr, class VBedHPtr>
+bool ArrangeableModelInstance<InstPtr, VBedHPtr>::assign_bed(int bed_idx)
+{
+    bool ret = false;
+
+    if constexpr (!std::is_const_v<InstPtr> && !std::is_const_v<VBedHPtr>)
+        ret = m_vbedh->assign_bed(*this, bed_idx);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template class ArrangeableModelInstance<ModelInstance, VirtualBedHandler>;
+template class ArrangeableModelInstance<const ModelInstance, const VirtualBedHandler>;
+
+ExPolygons ArrangeableSLAPrintObject::full_outline() const
+{
+    ExPolygons ret;
+
+    auto laststep = m_po->last_completed_step();
+    if (laststep < slaposCount && laststep > slaposSupportTree) {
+        Polygons polys;
+        auto omesh = m_po->get_mesh_to_print();
+        auto &smesh = m_po->support_mesh();
+
+        Transform3d trafo_instance = m_inst_trafo * m_po->trafo().inverse();
+
+        if (omesh) {
+            Polygons ptmp = project_mesh(*omesh, trafo_instance, [] {});
+            std::move(ptmp.begin(), ptmp.end(), std::back_inserter(polys));
+        }
+
+        Polygons ptmp = project_mesh(smesh.its, trafo_instance, [] {});
+        std::move(ptmp.begin(), ptmp.end(), std::back_inserter(polys));
+        ret = union_ex(polys);
+    } else {
+        ret = m_arrbl->full_outline();
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+ExPolygons ArrangeableSLAPrintObject::full_envelope() const
+{
+    ExPolygons ret = full_outline();
+
+    auto laststep = m_po->last_completed_step();
+    if (laststep < slaposCount && laststep > slaposSupportTree) {
+        auto &pmesh = m_po->pad_mesh();
+        if (!pmesh.empty()) {
+
+            Transform3d trafo_instance = m_inst_trafo * m_po->trafo().inverse();
+
+            Polygons ptmp = project_mesh(pmesh.its, trafo_instance, [] {});
+            ret = union_ex(ret, ptmp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+Polygon ArrangeableSLAPrintObject::convex_outline() const
+{
+    Polygons polys;
+
+    polys.emplace_back(m_arrbl->convex_outline());
+
+    auto laststep = m_po->last_completed_step();
+    if (laststep < slaposCount && laststep > slaposSupportTree) {
+        auto omesh = m_po->get_mesh_to_print();
+        auto &smesh = m_po->support_mesh();
+
+        Transform3f trafo_instance = m_inst_trafo.cast<float>();
+        trafo_instance = trafo_instance * m_po->trafo().cast<float>().inverse();
+
+        Polygons polys;
+        polys.reserve(3);
+        auto zlvl = -m_po->get_elevation();
+
+        if (omesh) {
+            polys.emplace_back(
+                its_convex_hull_2d_above(*omesh, trafo_instance, zlvl));
+        }
+
+        polys.emplace_back(
+            its_convex_hull_2d_above(smesh.its, trafo_instance, zlvl));
+    }
+
+    return Geometry::convex_hull(polys);
+}
+
+Polygon ArrangeableSLAPrintObject::convex_envelope() const
+{
+    Polygons polys;
+
+    polys.emplace_back(convex_outline());
+
+    auto laststep = m_po->last_completed_step();
+    if (laststep < slaposCount && laststep > slaposSupportTree) {
+        auto &pmesh = m_po->pad_mesh();
+        if (!pmesh.empty()) {
+
+            Transform3f trafo_instance = m_inst_trafo.cast<float>();
+            trafo_instance = trafo_instance * m_po->trafo().cast<float>().inverse();
+            auto zlvl = -m_po->get_elevation();
+
+            polys.emplace_back(
+                its_convex_hull_2d_above(pmesh.its, trafo_instance, zlvl));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Geometry::convex_hull(polys);
+}
+
+DuplicableModel::DuplicableModel(AnyPtr<Model> mdl, AnyPtr<VirtualBedHandler> vbh, const BoundingBox &bedbb)
+    : m_model{std::move(mdl)}, m_vbh{std::move(vbh)}, m_duplicates(1), m_bedbb{bedbb}
+{
+}
+
+DuplicableModel::~DuplicableModel() = default;
+
+ObjectID DuplicableModel::add_arrangeable(const ObjectID &prototype_id)
+{
+    ObjectID ret;
+    if (prototype_id.valid()) {
+        size_t idx = prototype_id.id - 1;
+        if (idx < m_duplicates.size()) {
+            ModelDuplicate md = m_duplicates[idx];
+            md.id = m_duplicates.size();
+            ret = md.id.id + 1;
+            m_duplicates.emplace_back(std::move(md));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void DuplicableModel::apply_duplicates()
+{
+    for (ModelObject *o : m_model->objects) {
+        // make a copy of the pointers in order to avoid recursion
+        // when appending their copies
+        ModelInstancePtrs instances = o->instances;
+        o->instances.clear();
+        for (const ModelInstance *i : instances) {
+            for (const ModelDuplicate &md : m_duplicates) {
+                ModelInstance *instance = o->add_instance(*i);
+                arr2::transform_instance(*instance, md.tr, md.rot);
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto *i : instances)
+            delete i;
+
+        instances.clear();
+
+        o->invalidate_bounding_box();
+    }
+}
+
+template<class Mdl, class Dup, class VBH>
+ObjectID ArrangeableFullModel<Mdl, Dup, VBH>::geometry_id() const { return m_mdl->id(); }
+
+template<class Mdl, class Dup, class VBH>
+ExPolygons ArrangeableFullModel<Mdl, Dup, VBH>::full_outline() const
+{
+    auto ret = reserve_vector<ExPolygon>(arr2::model_instance_count(*m_mdl));
+
+    auto transl = Transform3d::Identity();
+    transl.translate(to_3d(m_dup->tr, 0.));
+    Transform3d trafo = transl* Eigen::AngleAxisd(m_dup->rot, Vec3d::UnitZ());
+
+    for (auto *mo : m_mdl->objects) {
+        for (auto *mi : mo->instances) {
+            auto expolys = arr2::extract_full_outline(*mi, trafo);
+            std::move(expolys.begin(), expolys.end(), std::back_inserter(ret));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class Mdl, class Dup, class VBH>
+Polygon ArrangeableFullModel<Mdl, Dup, VBH>::convex_outline() const
+{
+    auto ret = reserve_polygons(arr2::model_instance_count(*m_mdl));
+
+    auto transl = Transform3d::Identity();
+    transl.translate(to_3d(m_dup->tr, 0.));
+    Transform3d trafo = transl* Eigen::AngleAxisd(m_dup->rot, Vec3d::UnitZ());
+
+    for (auto *mo : m_mdl->objects) {
+        for (auto *mi : mo->instances) {
+            ret.emplace_back(arr2::extract_convex_outline(*mi, trafo));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Geometry::convex_hull(ret);
+}
+
+template class ArrangeableFullModel<Model, ModelDuplicate, VirtualBedHandler>;
+template class ArrangeableFullModel<const Model, const ModelDuplicate, const VirtualBedHandler>;
+
+std::unique_ptr<VirtualBedHandler> VirtualBedHandler::create(const ExtendedBed &bed)
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<VirtualBedHandler> ret;
+    if (is_infinite_bed(bed)) {
+        ret = std::make_unique<PhysicalOnlyVBedHandler>();
+    } else {
+        // The gap between logical beds expressed in ratio of
+        // the current bed width.
+        constexpr double LogicalBedGap = 1. / 10.;
+
+        BoundingBox bedbb;
+        visit_bed([&bedbb](auto &rawbed) { bedbb = bounding_box(rawbed); }, bed);
+
+        auto bedwidth = bedbb.size().x();
+        coord_t xgap = LogicalBedGap * bedwidth;
+        ret = std::make_unique<GridStriderVBedHandler>(bedbb, xgap);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // SCENEBUILDER_CPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/SceneBuilder.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+
+#ifndef SCENEBUILDER_HPP
+#define SCENEBUILDER_HPP
+
+#include "Scene.hpp"
+
+#include "Core/ArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+class Model;
+class ModelInstance;
+class ModelWipeTower;
+class Print;
+class SLAPrint;
+class SLAPrintObject;
+class PrintObject;
+class DynamicPrintConfig;
+
+namespace arr2 {
+
+using SelectionPredicate = std::function<bool()>;
+
+class WipeTowerHandler
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~WipeTowerHandler() = default;
+
+    virtual void visit(std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) = 0;
+    virtual void visit(std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)>) const = 0;
+    virtual void set_selection_predicate(SelectionPredicate pred) = 0;
+};
+
+class VBedPlaceable {
+public:
+    virtual ~VBedPlaceable() = default;
+
+    virtual BoundingBoxf bounding_box() const = 0;
+    virtual void displace(const Vec2d &transl, double rot) = 0;
+};
+
+// An interface to handle virtual beds for ModelInstances. A ModelInstance
+// may be assigned to a logical bed identified by an integer index value (zero
+// is the actual physical bed). The ModelInstance may still be outside of it's
+// bed, regardless of being assigned to it. The handler object should provide
+// means to read the assigned bed index of a ModelInstance, to assign a
+// different bed index and to provide a trafo that maps it to the physical bed
+// given a logical bed index. The reason is that the arrangement expects items
+// to be in the coordinate system of the physical bed.
+class VirtualBedHandler
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~VirtualBedHandler() = default;
+
+    // Returns the bed index on which the given ModelInstance is sitting.
+    virtual int get_bed_index(const VBedPlaceable &obj) const = 0;
+
+    // The returned trafo can be used to move the outline of the ModelInstance
+    // to the coordinate system of the physical bed, should that differ from
+    // the coordinate space of a logical bed.
+    virtual Transform3d get_physical_bed_trafo(int bed_index) const = 0;
+
+    // Assign the ModelInstance to the given bed index. Note that this
+    // method can return false, indicating that the given bed is not available
+    // to be occupied (e.g. the handler has a limited amount of logical bed)
+    virtual bool assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &obj, int bed_idx) = 0;
+
+    bool assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &&obj, int bed_idx)
+    {
+        return assign_bed(obj, bed_idx);
+    }
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<VirtualBedHandler> create(const ExtendedBed &bed);
+};
+
+class SelectionMask
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~SelectionMask() = default;
+
+    virtual std::vector<bool> selected_objects() const = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<bool> selected_instances(int obj_id) const = 0;
+    virtual bool is_wipe_tower() const = 0;
+};
+
+class FixedSelection : public Slic3r::arr2::SelectionMask
+{
+    std::vector<std::vector<bool>> m_seldata;
+    bool                           m_wp = false;
+
+public:
+    FixedSelection() = default;
+
+    explicit FixedSelection(std::initializer_list<std::vector<bool>> seld,
+                            bool wp = false)
+        : m_seldata{std::move(seld)}, m_wp{wp}
+    {}
+
+    explicit FixedSelection(const Model &m);
+
+    explicit FixedSelection(const SelectionMask &other);
+
+    std::vector<bool> selected_objects() const override;
+
+    std::vector<bool> selected_instances(int obj_id) const override
+    {
+        return obj_id < int(m_seldata.size()) ? m_seldata[obj_id] :
+                                                std::vector<bool>{};
+    }
+
+    bool is_wipe_tower() const override { return m_wp; }
+};
+
+struct ArrangeableWipeTowerBase: public Arrangeable
+{
+    ObjectID oid;
+
+    Polygon poly;
+    SelectionPredicate selection_pred;
+
+    ArrangeableWipeTowerBase(
+        const ObjectID &objid,
+        Polygon shape,
+        SelectionPredicate selection_predicate = [] { return false; })
+        : oid{objid},
+          poly{std::move(shape)},
+          selection_pred{std::move(selection_predicate)}
+    {}
+
+    ObjectID id() const override { return oid; }
+    ObjectID geometry_id() const override { return {}; }
+
+    ExPolygons full_outline() const override
+    {
+        auto cpy = poly;
+        return {ExPolygon{std::move(cpy)}};
+    }
+
+    Polygon convex_outline() const override
+    {
+        return poly;
+    }
+
+    bool is_selected() const override
+    {
+        return selection_pred();
+    }
+
+    int get_bed_index() const override;
+    bool assign_bed(int /*bed_idx*/) override;
+
+    int priority() const override { return 1; }
+
+    void transform(const Vec2d &transl, double rot) override {}
+
+    void imbue_data(AnyWritable &datastore) const override
+    {
+        datastore.write("is_wipe_tower", {});
+    }
+};
+
+class SceneBuilder;
+
+struct InstPos { size_t obj_idx = 0, inst_idx = 0; };
+
+class ArrangeableSlicerModel: public ArrangeableModel
+{
+protected:
+    AnyPtr<Model> m_model;
+    AnyPtr<WipeTowerHandler> m_wth;
+    AnyPtr<VirtualBedHandler> m_vbed_handler;
+    AnyPtr<const SelectionMask> m_selmask;
+
+private:
+    friend class SceneBuilder;
+
+    template<class Self, class Fn>
+    static void for_each_arrangeable_(Self &&self, Fn &&fn);
+
+    template<class Self, class Fn>
+    static void visit_arrangeable_(Self &&self, const ObjectID &id, Fn &&fn);
+
+public:
+    explicit ArrangeableSlicerModel(SceneBuilder &builder);
+    ~ArrangeableSlicerModel();
+
+    void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) override;
+    void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(const Arrangeable&)>) const override;
+
+    void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)>) const override;
+    void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) override;
+
+    ObjectID add_arrangeable(const ObjectID &prototype_id) override;
+
+    Model & get_model() { return *m_model; }
+    const Model &get_model() const { return *m_model; }
+};
+
+class SceneBuilder: public SceneBuilderBase<SceneBuilder>
+{
+protected:
+    AnyPtr<Model> m_model;
+    AnyPtr<WipeTowerHandler> m_wipetower_handler;
+    AnyPtr<VirtualBedHandler> m_vbed_handler;
+    AnyPtr<const SelectionMask> m_selection;
+
+    AnyPtr<const SLAPrint> m_sla_print;
+    AnyPtr<const Print>    m_fff_print;
+    bool m_xl_printer = false;
+
+    void set_brim_and_skirt();
+
+public:
+    SceneBuilder();
+    ~SceneBuilder();
+    SceneBuilder(SceneBuilder&&);
+    SceneBuilder& operator=(SceneBuilder&&);
+
+    SceneBuilder && set_model(AnyPtr<Model> mdl);
+
+    SceneBuilder && set_model(Model &mdl);
+
+    SceneBuilder && set_fff_print(AnyPtr<const Print> fffprint);
+    SceneBuilder && set_sla_print(AnyPtr<const SLAPrint> mdl_print);
+
+    using SceneBuilderBase<SceneBuilder>::set_bed;
+
+    SceneBuilder &&set_bed(const DynamicPrintConfig &cfg);
+    SceneBuilder &&set_bed(const Print &print);
+
+    SceneBuilder && set_wipe_tower_handler(WipeTowerHandler &wth)
+    {
+        m_wipetower_handler = &wth;
+        return std::move(*this);
+    }
+
+    SceneBuilder && set_wipe_tower_handler(AnyPtr<WipeTowerHandler> wth)
+    {
+        m_wipetower_handler = std::move(wth);
+        return std::move(*this);
+    }
+
+    SceneBuilder && set_virtual_bed_handler(AnyPtr<VirtualBedHandler> vbedh)
+    {
+        m_vbed_handler = std::move(vbedh);
+        return std::move(*this);
+    }
+
+    SceneBuilder && set_sla_print(const SLAPrint *slaprint);
+
+    SceneBuilder && set_selection(AnyPtr<const SelectionMask> sel)
+    {
+        m_selection = std::move(sel);
+        return std::move(*this);
+    }
+
+    // Can only be called on an rvalue instance (hence the && at the end),
+    // the method will potentially move its content into sc
+    void build_scene(Scene &sc) && override;
+
+    void build_arrangeable_slicer_model(ArrangeableSlicerModel &amodel);
+};
+
+struct MissingWipeTowerHandler : public WipeTowerHandler
+{
+    void visit(std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) override {}
+    void visit(std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)>) const override {}
+    void set_selection_predicate(std::function<bool()>) override {}
+};
+
+// Only a physical bed, non-zero bed index values are discarded.
+class PhysicalOnlyVBedHandler final : public VirtualBedHandler
+{
+public:
+    using VirtualBedHandler::assign_bed;
+
+    int get_bed_index(const VBedPlaceable &obj) const override { return 0; }
+
+    Transform3d get_physical_bed_trafo(int bed_index) const override
+    {
+        return Transform3d::Identity();
+    }
+
+    bool assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &inst, int bed_idx) override;
+};
+
+// A virtual bed handler implementation, that defines logical beds to be created
+// on the right side of the physical bed along the X axis in a row
+class XStriderVBedHandler final : public VirtualBedHandler
+{
+    coord_t m_stride_scaled;
+    coord_t m_start;
+
+public:
+    explicit XStriderVBedHandler(const BoundingBox &bedbb, coord_t xgap)
+        : m_stride_scaled{bedbb.size().x() + 2 * std::max(0, xgap)},
+          m_start{bedbb.min.x() - std::max(0, xgap)}
+    {
+    }
+
+    coord_t stride_scaled() const { return m_stride_scaled; }
+
+    // Can return negative indices when the instance is to the left of the
+    // physical bed
+    int get_bed_index(const VBedPlaceable &obj) const override;
+
+    // Only positive beds are accepted
+    bool assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &inst, int bed_idx) override;
+
+    using VirtualBedHandler::assign_bed;
+
+    Transform3d get_physical_bed_trafo(int bed_index) const override;
+};
+
+// Same as XStriderVBedHandler only that it lays out vbeds on the Y axis
+class YStriderVBedHandler final : public VirtualBedHandler
+{
+    coord_t m_stride_scaled;
+    coord_t m_start;
+
+public:
+    coord_t stride_scaled() const { return m_stride_scaled; }
+
+    explicit YStriderVBedHandler(const BoundingBox &bedbb, coord_t ygap)
+        : m_stride_scaled{bedbb.size().y() + 2 * std::max(0, ygap)}
+        , m_start{bedbb.min.y() - std::max(0, ygap)}
+    {}
+
+    int get_bed_index(const VBedPlaceable &obj) const override;
+    bool assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &inst, int bed_idx) override;
+
+    Transform3d get_physical_bed_trafo(int bed_index) const override;
+};
+
+class GridStriderVBedHandler: public VirtualBedHandler
+{
+    // This vbed handler defines a grid of virtual beds with a large number
+    // of columns so that it behaves as XStrider for regular cases.
+    // The goal is to handle objects residing at world coordinates
+    // not representable with scaled coordinates. Combining XStrider with
+    // YStrider takes care of the X and Y axis to be mapped into the physical
+    // bed's coordinate region (which is representable in scaled coords)
+    static const int Cols;
+    static const int HalfCols;
+    static const int Offset;
+
+    XStriderVBedHandler m_xstrider;
+    YStriderVBedHandler m_ystrider;
+
+public:
+    GridStriderVBedHandler(const BoundingBox &bedbb,
+                           coord_t            gap)
+        : m_xstrider{bedbb, gap}
+        , m_ystrider{bedbb, gap}
+    {}
+
+    Vec2i raw2grid(int bedidx) const;
+    int grid2raw(const Vec2i &crd) const;
+
+    int get_bed_index(const VBedPlaceable &obj) const override;
+    bool assign_bed(VBedPlaceable &inst, int bed_idx) override;
+
+    Transform3d get_physical_bed_trafo(int bed_index) const override;
+};
+
+std::vector<size_t> selected_object_indices(const SelectionMask &sm);
+std::vector<size_t> selected_instance_indices(int obj_idx, const SelectionMask &sm);
+
+coord_t get_skirt_inset(const Print &fffprint);
+
+coord_t brim_offset(const PrintObject &po);
+
+// unscaled coords are necessary to be able to handle bigger coordinate range
+// than what is available with scaled coords. This is useful when working with
+// virtual beds.
+void transform_instance(ModelInstance     &mi,
+                        const Vec2d       &transl_unscaled,
+                        double             rot,
+                        const Transform3d &physical_tr = Transform3d::Identity());
+
+BoundingBoxf3 instance_bounding_box(const ModelInstance &mi,
+                                    bool dont_translate = false);
+
+BoundingBoxf3 instance_bounding_box(const ModelInstance &mi,
+                                    const Transform3d &tr,
+                                    bool dont_translate = false);
+
+constexpr double UnscaledCoordLimit = 1000.;
+
+ExPolygons extract_full_outline(const ModelInstance &inst,
+                                const Transform3d &tr = Transform3d::Identity());
+
+Polygon extract_convex_outline(const ModelInstance &inst,
+                               const Transform3d &tr = Transform3d::Identity());
+
+size_t model_instance_count (const Model &m);
+
+class VBedPlaceableMI : public VBedPlaceable
+{
+    ModelInstance *m_mi;
+
+public:
+    explicit VBedPlaceableMI(ModelInstance &mi) : m_mi{&mi} {}
+
+    BoundingBoxf bounding_box() const override { return to_2d(instance_bounding_box(*m_mi)); }
+    void         displace(const Vec2d &transl, double rot) override
+    {
+        transform_instance(*m_mi, transl, rot);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class InstPtr, class VBedHPtr>
+class ArrangeableModelInstance : public Arrangeable, VBedPlaceable
+{
+    InstPtr *m_mi;
+    VBedHPtr *m_vbedh;
+    const SelectionMask *m_selmask;
+    InstPos m_pos_within_model;
+
+public:
+    explicit ArrangeableModelInstance(InstPtr *mi,
+                                      VBedHPtr *vbedh,
+                                      const SelectionMask *selmask,
+                                      const InstPos &pos)
+        : m_mi{mi}, m_vbedh{vbedh}, m_selmask{selmask}, m_pos_within_model{pos}
+    {
+        assert(m_mi != nullptr && m_vbedh != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Arrangeable:
+    ObjectID   id() const override { return m_mi->id(); }
+    ObjectID   geometry_id() const override { return m_mi->get_object()->id(); }
+    ExPolygons full_outline() const override;
+    Polygon    convex_outline() const override;
+    bool       is_printable() const override { return m_mi->printable; }
+    bool       is_selected() const override;
+    void       transform(const Vec2d &tr, double rot) override;
+
+    int        get_bed_index() const override { return m_vbedh->get_bed_index(*this); }
+    bool       assign_bed(int bed_idx) override;
+
+    // VBedPlaceable:
+    BoundingBoxf bounding_box() const override { return to_2d(instance_bounding_box(*m_mi)); }
+    void         displace(const Vec2d &transl, double rot) override
+    {
+        if constexpr (!std::is_const_v<InstPtr>)
+            transform_instance(*m_mi, transl, rot);
+    }
+};
+
+extern template class ArrangeableModelInstance<ModelInstance, VirtualBedHandler>;
+extern template class ArrangeableModelInstance<const ModelInstance, const VirtualBedHandler>;
+
+class ArrangeableSLAPrintObject : public Arrangeable
+{
+    const SLAPrintObject *m_po;
+    Arrangeable          *m_arrbl;
+    Transform3d           m_inst_trafo;
+
+public:
+    ArrangeableSLAPrintObject(const SLAPrintObject *po,
+                              Arrangeable *arrbl,
+                              const Transform3d &inst_tr = Transform3d::Identity())
+        : m_po{po}, m_arrbl{arrbl}, m_inst_trafo{inst_tr}
+    {}
+
+    ObjectID id() const override { return m_arrbl->id(); }
+    ObjectID geometry_id() const override { return m_arrbl->geometry_id(); }
+
+    ExPolygons full_outline() const override;
+    ExPolygons full_envelope() const override;
+
+    Polygon convex_outline() const override;
+    Polygon convex_envelope() const override;
+
+    void transform(const Vec2d &transl, double rot) override
+    {
+        m_arrbl->transform(transl, rot);
+    }
+    int  get_bed_index() const override { return m_arrbl->get_bed_index(); }
+    bool assign_bed(int bedidx) override
+    {
+        return m_arrbl->assign_bed(bedidx);
+    }
+
+    bool is_printable() const override { return m_arrbl->is_printable(); }
+    bool is_selected() const override { return m_arrbl->is_selected(); }
+    int  priority() const override { return m_arrbl->priority(); }
+};
+
+class ArrangeableSLAPrint : public ArrangeableSlicerModel {
+    const SLAPrint *m_slaprint;
+
+    friend class SceneBuilder;
+
+    template<class Self, class Fn>
+    static void for_each_arrangeable_(Self &&self, Fn &&fn);
+
+    template<class Self, class Fn>
+    static void visit_arrangeable_(Self &&self, const ObjectID &id, Fn &&fn);
+
+public:
+    explicit ArrangeableSLAPrint(const SLAPrint *slaprint, SceneBuilder &builder)
+        : m_slaprint{slaprint}
+        , ArrangeableSlicerModel{builder}
+    {
+        assert(slaprint != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) override;
+
+    void for_each_arrangeable(
+        std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)>) const override;
+
+    void visit_arrangeable(
+        const ObjectID &id,
+        std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)>) const override;
+
+    void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id,
+                           std::function<void(Arrangeable &)>) override;
+};
+
+template<class Mdl>
+auto find_instance_by_id(Mdl &&model, const ObjectID &id)
+{
+    std::remove_reference_t<
+        decltype(std::declval<Mdl>().objects[0]->instances[0])>
+        ret = nullptr;
+
+    InstPos pos;
+
+    for (auto * obj : model.objects) {
+        for (auto *inst : obj->instances) {
+            if (inst->id() == id) {
+                ret = inst;
+                break;
+            }
+            ++pos.inst_idx;
+        }
+
+        if (ret)
+            break;
+
+        ++pos.obj_idx;
+        pos.inst_idx = 0;
+    }
+
+    return std::make_pair(ret, pos);
+}
+
+struct ModelDuplicate
+{
+    ObjectID id;
+    Vec2d    tr  = Vec2d::Zero();
+    double   rot = 0.;
+    int      bed_idx = Unarranged;
+};
+
+// Implementing the Arrangeable interface with the whole Model being one outline
+// with all its objects and instances.
+template<class Mdl, class Dup, class VBH>
+class ArrangeableFullModel: public Arrangeable, VBedPlaceable
+{
+    Mdl *m_mdl;
+    Dup *m_dup;
+    VBH *m_vbh;
+
+public:
+    explicit ArrangeableFullModel(Mdl *mdl,
+                                  Dup *md,
+                                  VBH *vbh)
+        : m_mdl{mdl}, m_dup{md}, m_vbh{vbh}
+    {
+        assert(m_mdl != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    ObjectID id() const override { return m_dup->id.id + 1; }
+    ObjectID geometry_id() const override;
+
+    ExPolygons full_outline() const override;
+
+    Polygon convex_outline() const override;
+
+    bool is_printable() const override { return true; }
+    bool is_selected() const override { return m_dup->id == 0; }
+
+    int get_bed_index() const override
+    {
+        return m_vbh->get_bed_index(*this);
+    }
+
+    void transform(const Vec2d &tr, double rot) override
+    {
+        if constexpr (!std::is_const_v<Mdl> && !std::is_const_v<Dup>) {
+            m_dup->tr += tr;
+            m_dup->rot += rot;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool assign_bed(int bed_idx) override
+    {
+        bool ret = false;
+
+        if constexpr (!std::is_const_v<VBH> && !std::is_const_v<Dup>) {
+            if ((ret = m_vbh->assign_bed(*this, bed_idx)))
+                m_dup->bed_idx = bed_idx;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    BoundingBoxf bounding_box() const override { return unscaled(get_extents(convex_outline())); }
+    void displace(const Vec2d &transl, double rot) override
+    {
+        transform(transl, rot);
+    }
+};
+
+extern template class ArrangeableFullModel<Model, ModelDuplicate, VirtualBedHandler>;
+extern template class ArrangeableFullModel<const Model, const ModelDuplicate, const VirtualBedHandler>;
+
+class DuplicableModel: public ArrangeableModel {
+    AnyPtr<Model> m_model;
+    AnyPtr<VirtualBedHandler> m_vbh;
+    std::vector<ModelDuplicate> m_duplicates;
+    BoundingBox m_bedbb;
+
+    template<class Self, class Fn>
+    static void visit_arrangeable_(Self &&self, const ObjectID &id, Fn &&fn)
+    {
+        if (id.valid()) {
+            size_t idx = id.id - 1;
+            if (idx < self.m_duplicates.size()) {
+                auto &md = self.m_duplicates[idx];
+                ArrangeableFullModel arrbl{self.m_model.get(), &md, self.m_vbh.get()};
+                fn(arrbl);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    explicit DuplicableModel(AnyPtr<Model> mdl,
+                             AnyPtr<VirtualBedHandler> vbh,
+                             const BoundingBox &bedbb);
+    ~DuplicableModel();
+
+    void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(Arrangeable &)> fn) override
+    {
+        for (ModelDuplicate &md : m_duplicates) {
+            ArrangeableFullModel arrbl{m_model.get(), &md, m_vbh.get()};
+            fn(arrbl);
+        }
+    }
+    void for_each_arrangeable(std::function<void(const Arrangeable&)> fn) const override
+    {
+        for (const ModelDuplicate &md : m_duplicates) {
+            ArrangeableFullModel arrbl{m_model.get(), &md, m_vbh.get()};
+            fn(arrbl);
+        }
+    }
+    void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(const Arrangeable &)> fn) const override
+    {
+        visit_arrangeable_(*this, id, fn);
+    }
+    void visit_arrangeable(const ObjectID &id, std::function<void(Arrangeable &)> fn) override
+    {
+        visit_arrangeable_(*this, id, fn);
+    }
+
+    ObjectID add_arrangeable(const ObjectID &prototype_id) override;
+
+    void apply_duplicates();
+};
+
+} // namespace arr2
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // SCENEBUILDER_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/SegmentedRectangleBed.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+
+#ifndef SEGMENTEDRECTANGLEBED_HPP
+#define SEGMENTEDRECTANGLEBED_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+enum class RectPivots {
+    Center, BottomLeft, BottomRight, TopLeft, TopRight
+};
+
+template<class T> struct IsSegmentedBed_ : public std::false_type {};
+template<class T> constexpr bool IsSegmentedBed = IsSegmentedBed_<StripCVRef<T>>::value;
+
+template<class SegX = void, class SegY = void, class Pivot = void>
+struct SegmentedRectangleBed {
+    Vec<2, size_t> segments = Vec<2, size_t>::Ones();
+    BoundingBox bb;
+    RectPivots pivot = RectPivots::Center;
+
+    SegmentedRectangleBed() = default;
+    SegmentedRectangleBed(const BoundingBox &bb,
+                          size_t segments_x,
+                          size_t segments_y,
+                          const RectPivots pivot = RectPivots::Center)
+        : segments{segments_x, segments_y}, bb{bb}, pivot{pivot}
+    {}
+
+    size_t segments_x() const noexcept { return segments.x(); }
+    size_t segments_y() const noexcept { return segments.y(); }
+
+    auto alignment() const noexcept { return pivot; }
+};
+
+template<size_t SegX, size_t SegY>
+struct SegmentedRectangleBed<std::integral_constant<size_t, SegX>,
+                             std::integral_constant<size_t, SegY>>
+{
+    BoundingBox bb;
+    RectPivots pivot = RectPivots::Center;
+
+    SegmentedRectangleBed() = default;
+
+    explicit SegmentedRectangleBed(const BoundingBox &b,
+                                   const RectPivots pivot = RectPivots::Center)
+        : bb{b}
+    {}
+
+    size_t segments_x() const noexcept { return SegX; }
+    size_t segments_y() const noexcept { return SegY; }
+
+    auto alignment() const noexcept { return pivot; }
+};
+
+template<size_t SegX, size_t SegY, RectPivots pivot>
+struct SegmentedRectangleBed<std::integral_constant<size_t, SegX>,
+                             std::integral_constant<size_t, SegY>,
+                             std::integral_constant<RectPivots, pivot>>
+{
+    BoundingBox bb;
+
+    SegmentedRectangleBed() = default;
+
+    explicit SegmentedRectangleBed(const BoundingBox &b) : bb{b} {}
+
+    size_t segments_x() const noexcept { return SegX; }
+    size_t segments_y() const noexcept { return SegY; }
+
+    auto alignment() const noexcept { return pivot; }
+};
+
+template<class... Args>
+struct IsSegmentedBed_<SegmentedRectangleBed<Args...>>
+    : public std::true_type {};
+
+template<class... Args>
+auto offset(const SegmentedRectangleBed<Args...> &bed, coord_t val_scaled)
+{
+    auto cpy = bed;
+    cpy.bb.offset(val_scaled);
+
+    return cpy;
+}
+
+template<class...Args>
+auto bounding_box(const SegmentedRectangleBed<Args...> &bed)
+{
+    return bed.bb;
+}
+
+template<class...Args>
+auto area(const SegmentedRectangleBed<Args...> &bed)
+{
+    return arr2::area(bed.bb);
+}
+
+template<class...Args>
+ExPolygons to_expolygons(const SegmentedRectangleBed<Args...> &bed)
+{
+    return to_expolygons(RectangleBed{bed.bb});
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // SEGMENTEDRECTANGLEBED_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/ArrangeTask.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGETASK_HPP
+#define ARRANGETASK_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Arrange.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Items/TrafoOnlyArrangeItem.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+struct ArrangeTaskResult : public ArrangeResult
+{
+    std::vector<TrafoOnlyArrangeItem> items;
+
+    bool apply_on(ArrangeableModel &mdl) override
+    {
+        bool ret = true;
+        for (auto &itm : items) {
+            if (is_arranged(itm))
+                ret = ret && apply_arrangeitem(itm, mdl);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    void add_item(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        items.emplace_back(itm);
+        if (auto id = retrieve_id(itm))
+            imbue_id(items.back(), *id);
+    }
+
+    template<class It>
+    void add_items(const Range<It> &items_range)
+    {
+        for (auto &itm : items_range)
+            add_item(itm);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem> struct ArrangeTask : public ArrangeTaskBase
+{
+    struct ArrangeSet
+    {
+        std::vector<ArrItem> selected, unselected;
+    } printable, unprintable;
+
+    ExtendedBed     bed;
+    ArrangeSettings settings;
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTask> create(
+        const Scene                        &sc,
+        const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &converter);
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTask> create(const Scene &sc)
+    {
+        auto conv = ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem>::create(sc);
+        return create(sc, *conv);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrangeResult> process(Ctl &ctl) override
+    {
+        return process_native(ctl);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTaskResult> process_native(Ctl &ctl);
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTaskResult> process_native(Ctl &&ctl)
+    {
+        return process_native(ctl);
+    }
+
+    int item_count_to_process() const override
+    {
+        return static_cast<int>(printable.selected.size() +
+                                unprintable.selected.size());
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace arr2
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // ARRANGETASK_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/ArrangeTaskImpl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+
+#ifndef ARRANGETASK_IMPL_HPP
+#define ARRANGETASK_IMPL_HPP
+
+#include <random>
+
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+#include "ArrangeTask.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+// Prepare the selected and unselected items separately. If nothing is
+// selected, behaves as if everything would be selected.
+template<class ArrItem>
+void extract_selected(ArrangeTask<ArrItem> &task,
+                      const ArrangeableModel &mdl,
+                      const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &itm_conv)
+{
+    // Go through the objects and check if inside the selection
+    mdl.for_each_arrangeable(
+        [&task, &itm_conv](const Arrangeable &arrbl) {
+            bool selected = arrbl.is_selected();
+            bool printable = arrbl.is_printable();
+
+            try {
+                auto itm = itm_conv.convert(arrbl, selected ? 0 : -SCALED_EPSILON);
+
+                auto &container_parent = printable ? task.printable :
+                                                 task.unprintable;
+
+                auto &container = selected ?
+                                       container_parent.selected :
+                                       container_parent.unselected;
+
+                container.emplace_back(std::move(itm));
+            } catch (const EmptyItemOutlineError &ex) {
+                BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error)
+                    << "ObjectID " << std::to_string(arrbl.id().id) << ": " << ex.what();
+            }
+        });
+
+    // If the selection was empty arrange everything
+    if (task.printable.selected.empty() && task.unprintable.selected.empty()) {
+        task.printable.selected.swap(task.printable.unselected);
+        task.unprintable.selected.swap(task.unprintable.unselected);
+    }
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTask<ArrItem>> ArrangeTask<ArrItem>::create(
+    const Scene &sc, const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &converter)
+{
+    auto task = std::make_unique<ArrangeTask<ArrItem>>();
+
+    task->settings.set_from(sc.settings());
+
+    task->bed = get_corrected_bed(sc.bed(), converter);
+
+    extract_selected(*task, sc.model(), converter);
+
+    return task;
+}
+
+// Remove all items on the physical bed (not occupyable for unprintable items)
+// and shift all items to the next lower bed index, so that arrange will think
+// that logical bed no. 1 is the physical one
+template<class ItemCont>
+void prepare_fixed_unselected(ItemCont &items, int shift)
+{
+    for (auto &itm : items)
+        set_bed_index(itm, get_bed_index(itm) - shift);
+
+    items.erase(std::remove_if(items.begin(), items.end(),
+                               [](auto &itm) { return !is_arranged(itm); }),
+                items.end());
+}
+
+inline int find_first_empty_bed(const std::vector<int>& bed_indices,
+                                int starting_from = 0) {
+    int ret = starting_from;
+
+    for (int idx : bed_indices) {
+        if (idx == ret) {
+            ret++;
+        } else if (idx > ret) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::unique_ptr<ArrangeTaskResult>
+ArrangeTask<ArrItem>::process_native(Ctl &ctl)
+{
+    auto result = std::make_unique<ArrangeTaskResult>();
+
+    auto arranger = Arranger<ArrItem>::create(settings);
+
+    class TwoStepArrangeCtl: public Ctl
+    {
+        Ctl &parent;
+        ArrangeTask &self;
+    public:
+        TwoStepArrangeCtl(Ctl &p, ArrangeTask &slf) : parent{p}, self{slf} {}
+
+        void update_status(int remaining) override
+        {
+            parent.update_status(remaining + self.unprintable.selected.size());
+        }
+
+        bool was_canceled() const override { return parent.was_canceled(); }
+
+    } subctl{ctl, *this};
+
+    auto fixed_items = printable.unselected;
+
+    // static (unselected) unprintable objects should not be overlapped by
+    // movable and printable objects
+    std::copy(unprintable.unselected.begin(),
+              unprintable.unselected.end(),
+              std::back_inserter(fixed_items));
+
+    arranger->arrange(printable.selected, fixed_items, bed, subctl);
+
+    std::vector<int> printable_bed_indices =
+        get_bed_indices(crange(printable.selected), crange(printable.unselected));
+
+    // If there are no printables, leave the physical bed empty
+    constexpr int SearchFrom = 1;
+
+    // Unprintable items should go to the first logical (!) bed not containing
+    // any printable items
+    int first_empty_bed = find_first_empty_bed(printable_bed_indices, SearchFrom);
+
+    prepare_fixed_unselected(unprintable.unselected, first_empty_bed);
+
+    arranger->arrange(unprintable.selected, unprintable.unselected, bed, ctl);
+
+    result->add_items(crange(printable.selected));
+
+    for (auto &itm : unprintable.selected) {
+        if (is_arranged(itm)) {
+            int bedidx = get_bed_index(itm) + first_empty_bed;
+            arr2::set_bed_index(itm, bedidx);
+        }
+
+        result->add_item(itm);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace arr2
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif //ARRANGETASK_IMPL_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/FillBedTask.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+#ifndef FILLBEDTASK_HPP
+#define FILLBEDTASK_HPP
+
+#include "MultiplySelectionTask.hpp"
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Arrange.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+struct FillBedTaskResult: public MultiplySelectionTaskResult {};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+struct FillBedTask: public ArrangeTaskBase
+{
+    std::optional<ArrItem> prototype_item;
+
+    std::vector<ArrItem> selected, unselected;
+
+    ArrangeSettings settings;
+    ExtendedBed bed;
+    size_t selected_existing_count = 0;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<FillBedTaskResult> process_native(Ctl &ctl);
+    std::unique_ptr<FillBedTaskResult> process_native(Ctl &&ctl)
+    {
+        return process_native(ctl);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrangeResult> process(Ctl &ctl) override
+    {
+        return process_native(ctl);
+    }
+
+    int item_count_to_process() const override
+    {
+        return selected.size();
+    }
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<FillBedTask> create(
+        const Scene &sc,
+        const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &converter);
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<FillBedTask> create(const Scene &sc)
+    {
+        auto conv = ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem>::create(sc);
+        return create(sc, *conv);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace arr2
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // FILLBEDTASK_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/FillBedTaskImpl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+#ifndef FILLBEDTASKIMPL_HPP
+#define FILLBEDTASKIMPL_HPP
+
+#include "FillBedTask.hpp"
+
+#include "Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp"
+
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+int calculate_items_needed_to_fill_bed(const ExtendedBed &bed,
+                                       const ArrItem &prototype_item,
+                                       size_t prototype_count,
+                                       const std::vector<ArrItem> &fixed)
+{
+    double poly_area  = fixed_area(prototype_item);
+
+    auto area_sum_fn = [](double s, const auto &itm) {
+        return s + (get_bed_index(itm) == 0) * fixed_area(itm);
+    };
+
+    double unsel_area = std::accumulate(fixed.begin(),
+                                        fixed.end(),
+                                        0.,
+                                        area_sum_fn);
+
+    double fixed_area = unsel_area + prototype_count * poly_area;
+    double bed_area   = 0.;
+
+    visit_bed([&bed_area] (auto &realbed) { bed_area = area(realbed); }, bed);
+
+    // This is the maximum number of items,
+    // the real number will always be close but less.
+    auto needed_items = static_cast<int>(
+        std::ceil((bed_area - fixed_area) / poly_area));
+
+    return needed_items;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+void extract(FillBedTask<ArrItem> &task,
+             const Scene &scene,
+             const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &itm_conv)
+{
+    task.prototype_item = {};
+
+    auto selected_ids = scene.selected_ids();
+
+    if (selected_ids.empty())
+        return;
+
+    std::set<ObjectID> selected_objects = selected_geometry_ids(scene);
+
+    if (selected_objects.size() != 1)
+        return;
+
+    ObjectID prototype_geometry_id = *(selected_objects.begin());
+
+    auto set_prototype_item = [&task, &itm_conv](const Arrangeable &arrbl) {
+        if (arrbl.is_printable())
+            task.prototype_item = itm_conv.convert(arrbl);
+    };
+
+    scene.model().visit_arrangeable(selected_ids.front(), set_prototype_item);
+
+    if (!task.prototype_item)
+        return;
+
+    // Workaround for missing items when arranging the same geometry only:
+    // Injecting a number of items but with slightly shrinked shape, so that
+    // they can fill the emerging holes. Priority is set to lowest so that
+    // these filler items will only be inserted as the last ones.
+    ArrItem prototype_item_shrinked;
+    scene.model().visit_arrangeable(selected_ids.front(),
+        [&prototype_item_shrinked, &itm_conv](const Arrangeable &arrbl) {
+            if (arrbl.is_printable())
+                prototype_item_shrinked = itm_conv.convert(arrbl, -SCALED_EPSILON);
+        });
+
+    set_bed_index(*task.prototype_item, Unarranged);
+
+    auto collect_task_items = [&prototype_geometry_id, &task,
+                               &itm_conv](const Arrangeable &arrbl) {
+        try {
+            if (arrbl.geometry_id() == prototype_geometry_id) {
+                if (arrbl.is_printable()) {
+                    auto itm = itm_conv.convert(arrbl);
+                    raise_priority(itm);
+                    task.selected.emplace_back(std::move(itm));
+                }
+            } else {
+                auto itm = itm_conv.convert(arrbl, -SCALED_EPSILON);
+                task.unselected.emplace_back(std::move(itm));
+            }
+        } catch (const EmptyItemOutlineError &ex) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error)
+                << "ObjectID " << std::to_string(arrbl.id().id) << ": " << ex.what();
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Set the lowest priority to the shrinked prototype (hole filler) item
+    set_priority(prototype_item_shrinked,
+                 lowest_priority(range(task.selected)) - 1);
+
+    scene.model().for_each_arrangeable(collect_task_items);
+
+    int needed_items = calculate_items_needed_to_fill_bed(task.bed,
+                                                          *task.prototype_item,
+                                                          task.selected.size(),
+                                                          task.unselected);
+
+    task.selected_existing_count = task.selected.size();
+    task.selected.reserve(task.selected.size() + needed_items);
+    std::fill_n(std::back_inserter(task.selected), needed_items,
+                *task.prototype_item);
+
+    // Add as many filler items as there are needed items. Most of them will
+    // be discarded anyways.
+    std::fill_n(std::back_inserter(task.selected), needed_items,
+                prototype_item_shrinked);
+}
+
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::unique_ptr<FillBedTask<ArrItem>> FillBedTask<ArrItem>::create(
+    const Scene &sc, const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &converter)
+{
+    auto task = std::make_unique<FillBedTask<ArrItem>>();
+
+    task->settings.set_from(sc.settings());
+
+    task->bed = get_corrected_bed(sc.bed(), converter);
+
+    extract(*task, sc, converter);
+
+    return task;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::unique_ptr<FillBedTaskResult> FillBedTask<ArrItem>::process_native(
+    Ctl &ctl)
+{
+    auto result = std::make_unique<FillBedTaskResult>();
+
+    if (!prototype_item)
+        return result;
+
+    result->prototype_id = retrieve_id(*prototype_item).value_or(ObjectID{});
+
+    class FillBedCtl: public ArrangerCtl<ArrItem>
+    {
+        ArrangeTaskCtl &parent;
+        FillBedTask &self;
+        bool do_stop = false;
+
+    public:
+        FillBedCtl(ArrangeTaskCtl &p, FillBedTask &slf) : parent{p}, self{slf} {}
+
+        void update_status(int remaining) override
+        {
+            parent.update_status(remaining);
+        }
+
+        bool was_canceled() const override
+        {
+            return parent.was_canceled() || do_stop;
+        }
+
+        void on_packed(ArrItem &itm) override
+        {
+            // Stop at the first filler that is not on the physical bed
+            do_stop = get_bed_index(itm) > PhysicalBedId && get_priority(itm) < 0;
+        }
+
+    } subctl(ctl, *this);
+
+    auto arranger = Arranger<ArrItem>::create(settings);
+
+    arranger->arrange(selected, unselected, bed, subctl);
+
+    auto arranged_range = Range{selected.begin(),
+                                selected.begin() + selected_existing_count};
+
+    result->add_arranged_items(arranged_range);
+
+    auto to_add_range = Range{selected.begin() + selected_existing_count,
+                              selected.end()};
+
+    for (auto &itm : to_add_range)
+        if (get_bed_index(itm) == PhysicalBedId)
+            result->add_new_item(itm);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace arr2
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif // FILLBEDTASKIMPL_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTask.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+
+#ifndef MULTIPLYSELECTIONTASK_HPP
+#define MULTIPLYSELECTIONTASK_HPP
+
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Arrange.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r/Arrange/Items/TrafoOnlyArrangeItem.hpp"
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+struct MultiplySelectionTaskResult: public ArrangeResult {
+    ObjectID prototype_id;
+
+    std::vector<TrafoOnlyArrangeItem> arranged_items;
+    std::vector<TrafoOnlyArrangeItem> to_add;
+
+    bool apply_on(ArrangeableModel &mdl) override
+    {
+        bool ret = prototype_id.valid();
+
+        if (!ret)
+            return ret;
+
+        for (auto &itm : to_add) {
+            auto id = mdl.add_arrangeable(prototype_id);
+            imbue_id(itm, id);
+            ret = ret && apply_arrangeitem(itm, mdl);
+        }
+
+        for (auto &itm : arranged_items) {
+            if (is_arranged(itm))
+                ret = ret && apply_arrangeitem(itm, mdl);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem>
+    void add_arranged_item(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        arranged_items.emplace_back(itm);
+        if (auto id = retrieve_id(itm))
+            imbue_id(arranged_items.back(), *id);
+    }
+
+    template<class It>
+    void add_arranged_items(const Range<It> &items_range)
+    {
+        arranged_items.reserve(items_range.size());
+        for (auto &itm : items_range)
+            add_arranged_item(itm);
+    }
+
+    template<class ArrItem> void add_new_item(const ArrItem &itm)
+    {
+        to_add.emplace_back(itm);
+    }
+
+    template<class It> void add_new_items(const Range<It> &items_range)
+    {
+        to_add.reserve(items_range.size());
+        for (auto &itm : items_range) {
+            to_add.emplace_back(itm);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+struct MultiplySelectionTask: public ArrangeTaskBase
+{
+    std::optional<ArrItem> prototype_item;
+
+    std::vector<ArrItem> selected, unselected;
+
+    ArrangeSettings settings;
+    ExtendedBed bed;
+    size_t selected_existing_count = 0;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<MultiplySelectionTaskResult> process_native(Ctl &ctl);
+    std::unique_ptr<MultiplySelectionTaskResult> process_native(Ctl &&ctl)
+    {
+        return process_native(ctl);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ArrangeResult> process(Ctl &ctl) override
+    {
+        return process_native(ctl);
+    }
+
+    int item_count_to_process() const override
+    {
+        return selected.size();
+    }
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<MultiplySelectionTask> create(
+        const Scene &sc,
+        size_t multiply_count,
+        const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &converter);
+
+    static std::unique_ptr<MultiplySelectionTask> create(const Scene &sc,
+                                                         size_t multiply_count)
+    {
+        auto conv = ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem>::create(sc);
+        return create(sc, multiply_count, *conv);
+    }
+};
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // MULTIPLYSELECTIONTASK_HPP

src/libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTaskImpl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+
+#ifndef MULTIPLYSELECTIONTASKIMPL_HPP
+#define MULTIPLYSELECTIONTASKIMPL_HPP
+
+#include "MultiplySelectionTask.hpp"
+
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r { namespace arr2 {
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::unique_ptr<MultiplySelectionTask<ArrItem>> MultiplySelectionTask<ArrItem>::create(
+    const Scene &scene, size_t count, const ArrangeableToItemConverter<ArrItem> &itm_conv)
+{
+    auto task_ptr = std::make_unique<MultiplySelectionTask<ArrItem>>();
+
+    auto &task = *task_ptr;
+
+    task.settings.set_from(scene.settings());
+
+    task.bed = get_corrected_bed(scene.bed(), itm_conv);
+
+    task.prototype_item = {};
+
+    auto selected_ids = scene.selected_ids();
+
+    if (selected_ids.empty())
+        return task_ptr;
+
+    std::set<ObjectID> selected_objects = selected_geometry_ids(scene);
+
+    if (selected_objects.size() != 1)
+        return task_ptr;
+
+    ObjectID prototype_geometry_id = *(selected_objects.begin());
+
+    auto set_prototype_item = [&task, &itm_conv](const Arrangeable &arrbl) {
+        if (arrbl.is_printable())
+            task.prototype_item = itm_conv.convert(arrbl);
+    };
+
+    scene.model().visit_arrangeable(selected_ids.front(), set_prototype_item);
+
+    if (!task.prototype_item)
+        return task_ptr;
+
+    set_bed_index(*task.prototype_item, Unarranged);
+
+    auto collect_task_items = [&prototype_geometry_id, &task,
+                               &itm_conv](const Arrangeable &arrbl) {
+        try {
+            if (arrbl.geometry_id() == prototype_geometry_id) {
+                if (arrbl.is_printable()) {
+                    auto itm = itm_conv.convert(arrbl);
+                    raise_priority(itm);
+                    task.selected.emplace_back(std::move(itm));
+                }
+            } else {
+                auto itm = itm_conv.convert(arrbl, -SCALED_EPSILON);
+                task.unselected.emplace_back(std::move(itm));
+            }
+        } catch (const EmptyItemOutlineError &ex) {
+            BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(error)
+                << "ObjectID " << std::to_string(arrbl.id().id) << ": " << ex.what();
+        }
+    };
+
+    scene.model().for_each_arrangeable(collect_task_items);
+
+    task.selected_existing_count = task.selected.size();
+    task.selected.reserve(task.selected.size() + count);
+    std::fill_n(std::back_inserter(task.selected), count, *task.prototype_item);
+
+    return task_ptr;
+}
+
+template<class ArrItem>
+std::unique_ptr<MultiplySelectionTaskResult>
+MultiplySelectionTask<ArrItem>::process_native(Ctl &ctl)
+{
+    auto result = std::make_unique<MultiplySelectionTaskResult>();
+
+    if (!prototype_item)
+        return result;
+
+    result->prototype_id = retrieve_id(*prototype_item).value_or(ObjectID{});
+
+    class MultiplySelectionCtl: public ArrangerCtl<ArrItem>
+    {
+        ArrangeTaskCtl &parent;
+        MultiplySelectionTask<ArrItem> &self;
+
+    public:
+        MultiplySelectionCtl(ArrangeTaskCtl &p, MultiplySelectionTask<ArrItem> &slf)
+            : parent{p}, self{slf} {}
+
+        void update_status(int remaining) override
+        {
+            parent.update_status(remaining);
+        }
+
+        bool was_canceled() const override
+        {
+            return parent.was_canceled();
+        }
+
+    } subctl(ctl, *this);
+
+    auto arranger = Arranger<ArrItem>::create(settings);
+
+    arranger->arrange(selected, unselected, bed, subctl);
+
+    auto arranged_range = Range{selected.begin(),
+                                selected.begin() + selected_existing_count};
+
+    result->add_arranged_items(arranged_range);
+
+    auto to_add_range = Range{selected.begin() + selected_existing_count,
+                              selected.end()};
+
+    result->add_new_items(to_add_range);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+}} // namespace Slic3r::arr2
+
+#endif // MULTIPLYSELECTIONTASKIMPL_HPP

src/libslic3r/BoostAdapter.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #include <libslic3r/Point.hpp>
 #include <libslic3r/BoundingBox.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/Polyline.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/geometry.hpp>
 
@@ -126,13 +128,146 @@ struct indexed_access<BB3<T>, 1, d> {
     }
 };
 
-}
-}
+
+/* ************************************************************************** */
+/* Segment concept adaptaion ************************************************ */
+/* ************************************************************************** */
+
+template<> struct tag<Slic3r::Line> {
+    using type = segment_tag;
+};
+
+template<> struct point_type<Slic3r::Line> {
+    using type = Slic3r::Point;
+};
+
+template<> struct indexed_access<Slic3r::Line, 0, 0> {
+    static inline coord_t get(Slic3r::Line const& l) { return l.a.x(); }
+    static inline void set(Slic3r::Line &l, coord_t c) { l.a.x() = c; }
+};
+
+template<> struct indexed_access<Slic3r::Line, 0, 1> {
+    static inline coord_t get(Slic3r::Line const& l) { return l.a.y(); }
+    static inline void set(Slic3r::Line &l, coord_t c) { l.a.y() = c; }
+};
+
+template<> struct indexed_access<Slic3r::Line, 1, 0> {
+    static inline coord_t get(Slic3r::Line const& l) { return l.b.x(); }
+    static inline void set(Slic3r::Line &l, coord_t c) { l.b.x() = c; }
+};
+
+template<> struct indexed_access<Slic3r::Line, 1, 1> {
+    static inline coord_t get(Slic3r::Line const& l) { return l.b.y(); }
+    static inline void set(Slic3r::Line &l, coord_t c) { l.b.y() = c; }
+};
+
+/* ************************************************************************** */
+/* Polyline concept adaptation ********************************************** */
+/* ************************************************************************** */
+
+template<> struct tag<Slic3r::Polyline> {
+    using type = linestring_tag;
+};
+
+/* ************************************************************************** */
+/* Polygon concept adaptation *********************************************** */
+/* ************************************************************************** */
+
+// Ring implementation /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Boost would refer to ClipperLib::Path (alias Slic3r::ExPolygon) as a ring
+template<> struct tag<Slic3r::Polygon> {
+    using type = ring_tag;
+};
+
+template<> struct point_order<Slic3r::Polygon> {
+    static const order_selector value = counterclockwise;
+};
+
+// All our Paths should be closed for the bin packing application
+template<> struct closure<Slic3r::Polygon> {
+    static const constexpr closure_selector value = closure_selector::open;
+};
+
+// Polygon implementation //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template<> struct tag<Slic3r::ExPolygon> {
+    using type = polygon_tag;
+};
+
+template<> struct exterior_ring<Slic3r::ExPolygon> {
+    static inline Slic3r::Polygon& get(Slic3r::ExPolygon& p)
+    {
+        return p.contour;
+    }
+    static inline Slic3r::Polygon const& get(Slic3r::ExPolygon const& p)
+    {
+        return p.contour;
+    }
+};
+
+template<> struct ring_const_type<Slic3r::ExPolygon> {
+    using type = const Slic3r::Polygon&;
+};
+
+template<> struct ring_mutable_type<Slic3r::ExPolygon> {
+    using type = Slic3r::Polygon&;
+};
+
+template<> struct interior_const_type<Slic3r::ExPolygon> {
+    using type = const Slic3r::Polygons&;
+};
+
+template<> struct interior_mutable_type<Slic3r::ExPolygon> {
+    using type = Slic3r::Polygons&;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct interior_rings<Slic3r::ExPolygon> {
+
+    static inline Slic3r::Polygons& get(Slic3r::ExPolygon& p) { return p.holes; }
+
+    static inline const Slic3r::Polygons& get(Slic3r::ExPolygon const& p)
+    {
+        return p.holes;
+    }
+};
+
+/* ************************************************************************** */
+/* MultiPolygon concept adaptation ****************************************** */
+/* ************************************************************************** */
+
+template<> struct tag<Slic3r::ExPolygons> {
+    using type = multi_polygon_tag;
+};
+
+}} // namespace geometry::traits
 
 template<> struct range_value<std::vector<Slic3r::Vec2d>> {
     using type = Slic3r::Vec2d;
 };
 
+template<>
+struct range_value<Slic3r::Polyline> {
+    using type = Slic3r::Point;
+};
+
+// This is an addition to the ring implementation of Polygon concept
+template<>
+struct range_value<Slic3r::Polygon> {
+    using type = Slic3r::Point;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct range_value<Slic3r::Polygons> {
+    using type = Slic3r::Polygon;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct range_value<Slic3r::ExPolygons> {
+    using type = Slic3r::ExPolygon;
+};
+
 } // namespace boost
 
 #endif // SLABOOSTADAPTER_HPP

src/libslic3r/BoundingBox.hpp

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ public:
         return ! (this->max.x() < other.min.x() || this->min.x() > other.max.x() ||
                   this->max.y() < other.min.y() || this->min.y() > other.max.y());
     }
-    bool operator==(const BoundingBoxBase<PointType, PointsType> &rhs) { return this->min == rhs.min && this->max == rhs.max; }
-    bool operator!=(const BoundingBoxBase<PointType, PointsType> &rhs) { return ! (*this == rhs); }
+    bool operator==(const BoundingBoxBase<PointType, PointsType> &rhs) const noexcept { return this->min == rhs.min && this->max == rhs.max; }
+    bool operator!=(const BoundingBoxBase<PointType, PointsType> &rhs) const noexcept { return ! (*this == rhs); }
 
 private:
     // to access construct()
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ public:
     
     BoundingBox() : BoundingBoxBase<Point, Points>() {}
     BoundingBox(const Point &pmin, const Point &pmax) : BoundingBoxBase<Point, Points>(pmin, pmax) {}
+    BoundingBox(const BoundingBoxBase<Vec2crd> &bb): BoundingBox(bb.min, bb.max) {}
     BoundingBox(const Points &points) : BoundingBoxBase<Point, Points>(points) {}
 
     BoundingBox inflated(coordf_t delta) const throw() { BoundingBox out(*this); out.offset(delta); return out; }
@@ -215,6 +216,7 @@ public:
     BoundingBoxf() : BoundingBoxBase<Vec2d>() {}
     BoundingBoxf(const Vec2d &pmin, const Vec2d &pmax) : BoundingBoxBase<Vec2d>(pmin, pmax) {}
     BoundingBoxf(const std::vector<Vec2d> &points) : BoundingBoxBase<Vec2d>(points) {}
+    BoundingBoxf(const BoundingBoxBase<Vec2d> &bb): BoundingBoxf{bb.min, bb.max} {}
 };
 
 class BoundingBoxf3 : public BoundingBox3Base<Vec3d> 
@@ -239,17 +241,23 @@ inline bool empty(const BoundingBox3Base<PointType> &bb)
 
 inline BoundingBox scaled(const BoundingBoxf &bb) { return {scaled(bb.min), scaled(bb.max)}; }
 
-template<class T = coord_t>
-BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, T>> scaled(const BoundingBoxf &bb) { return {scaled<T>(bb.min), scaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
+template<class T = coord_t, class Tin>
+BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, T>> scaled(const BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, Tin>> &bb) { return {scaled<T>(bb.min), scaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
 
 template<class T = coord_t>
-BoundingBox3Base<Vec<3, T>> scaled(const BoundingBoxf3 &bb) { return {scaled<T>(bb.min), scaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
+BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, T>> scaled(const BoundingBox &bb) { return {scaled<T>(bb.min), scaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
+
+template<class T = coord_t, class Tin>
+BoundingBox3Base<Vec<3, T>> scaled(const BoundingBox3Base<Vec<3, Tin>> &bb) { return {scaled<T>(bb.min), scaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
+
+template<class T = double, class Tin>
+BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, T>> unscaled(const BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, Tin>> &bb) { return {unscaled<T>(bb.min), unscaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
 
 template<class T = double>
 BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, T>> unscaled(const BoundingBox &bb) { return {unscaled<T>(bb.min), unscaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
 
-template<class T = double>
-BoundingBox3Base<Vec<3, T>> unscaled(const BoundingBox3 &bb) { return {unscaled<T>(bb.min), unscaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
+template<class T = double, class Tin>
+BoundingBox3Base<Vec<3, T>> unscaled(const BoundingBox3Base<Vec<3, Tin>> &bb) { return {unscaled<T>(bb.min), unscaled<T>(bb.max)}; }
 
 template<class Tout, class Tin>
 auto cast(const BoundingBoxBase<Tin> &b)
@@ -298,6 +306,19 @@ inline double bbox_point_distance_squared(const BoundingBox &bbox, const Point &
                                    coord_t(0));
 }
 
+template<class T>
+BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, T>> to_2d(const BoundingBox3Base<Vec<3, T>> &bb)
+{
+    return {to_2d(bb.min), to_2d(bb.max)};
+}
+
+template<class Tout, class T>
+BoundingBoxBase<Vec<2, Tout>> to_2d(const BoundingBox3Base<Vec<3, T>> &bb)
+{
+    return {to_2d(bb.min), to_2d(bb.max)};
+}
+
+
 } // namespace Slic3r
 
 // Serialization through the Cereal library

src/libslic3r/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ set(SLIC3R_SOURCES
     BlacklistedLibraryCheck.hpp
     LocalesUtils.cpp
     LocalesUtils.hpp
+    CutUtils.cpp
+    CutUtils.hpp
     Model.cpp
     Model.hpp
     ModelArrange.hpp
@@ -214,8 +216,55 @@ set(SLIC3R_SOURCES
     MeasureUtils.hpp
     CustomGCode.cpp
     CustomGCode.hpp
-    Arrange.hpp
-    Arrange.cpp
+    Arrange/Arrange.hpp
+    Arrange/ArrangeImpl.hpp
+    Arrange/Items/ArrangeItem.hpp
+    Arrange/Items/ArrangeItem.cpp
+    Arrange/Items/SimpleArrangeItem.hpp
+    Arrange/Items/SimpleArrangeItem.cpp
+    Arrange/Items/TrafoOnlyArrangeItem.hpp
+    Arrange/Items/MutableItemTraits.hpp
+    Arrange/Items/ArbitraryDataStore.hpp
+    Arrange/ArrangeSettingsView.hpp
+    Arrange/ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg.hpp
+    Arrange/ArrangeSettingsDb_AppCfg.cpp
+    Arrange/Scene.hpp
+    Arrange/Scene.cpp
+    Arrange/SceneBuilder.hpp
+    Arrange/SceneBuilder.cpp
+    Arrange/Tasks/ArrangeTask.hpp
+    Arrange/Tasks/ArrangeTaskImpl.hpp
+    Arrange/Tasks/FillBedTask.hpp
+    Arrange/Tasks/FillBedTaskImpl.hpp
+    Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTask.hpp
+    Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTaskImpl.hpp
+    Arrange/SegmentedRectangleBed.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/ArrangeItemTraits.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/DataStoreTraits.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/ArrangeBase.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/PackingContext.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/ArrangeFirstFit.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/Beds.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/Beds.cpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/NFP.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/NFP.cpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_CGAL.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_CGAL.cpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_Tesselate.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPConcave_Tesselate.cpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/EdgeCache.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/EdgeCache.cpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/CircularEdgeIterator.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/NFPArrangeItemTraits.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/PackStrategyNFP.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/RectangleOverfitPackingStrategy.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/KernelTraits.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/GravityKernel.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/TMArrangeKernel.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/CompactifyKernel.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/RectangleOverfitKernelWrapper.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/SVGDebugOutputKernelWrapper.hpp
+    Arrange/Core/NFP/Kernels/KernelUtils.hpp
     MultiPoint.cpp
     MultiPoint.hpp
     MutablePriorityQueue.hpp
@@ -431,6 +480,10 @@ set(SLIC3R_SOURCES
 
 add_library(libslic3r STATIC ${SLIC3R_SOURCES})
 
+if (WIN32)
+    target_compile_definitions(libslic3r PUBLIC NOMINMAX)
+endif()
+
 foreach(_source IN ITEMS ${SLIC3R_SOURCES})
     get_filename_component(_source_path "${_source}" PATH)
     string(REPLACE "/" "\\" _group_path "${_source_path}")

src/libslic3r/CSGMesh/CSGMesh.hpp

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 #ifndef CSGMESH_HPP
 #define CSGMESH_HPP
 
+#include "libslic3r/Point.hpp"
+
 #include <libslic3r/AnyPtr.hpp>
-#include <admesh/stl.h>
+#include <libslic3r/TriangleMesh.hpp>
 
 namespace Slic3r { namespace csg {
 
@@ -81,6 +83,35 @@ struct CSGPart {
     {}
 };
 
+template<class Cont> bool is_all_positive(const Cont &csgmesh)
+{
+    bool is_all_pos =
+        std::all_of(csgmesh.begin(),
+                    csgmesh.end(),
+                    [](auto &part) {
+                        return csg::get_operation(part) == csg::CSGType::Union;
+                    });
+
+    return is_all_pos;
+}
+
+template<class Cont>
+indexed_triangle_set csgmesh_merge_positive_parts(const Cont &csgmesh)
+{
+    indexed_triangle_set m;
+    for (auto &csgpart : csgmesh) {
+        auto op = csg::get_operation(csgpart);
+        const indexed_triangle_set * pmesh = csg::get_mesh(csgpart);
+        if (pmesh && op == csg::CSGType::Union) {
+            indexed_triangle_set mcpy = *pmesh;
+            its_transform(mcpy, csg::get_transform(csgpart), true);
+            its_merge(m, mcpy);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return m;
+}
+
 }} // namespace Slic3r::csg
 
 #endif // CSGMESH_HPP

src/libslic3r/CSGMesh/PerformCSGMeshBooleans.hpp

@@ -155,10 +155,10 @@ It check_csgmesh_booleans(const Range<It> &csgrange, Visitor &&vfn)
             if (!m || MeshBoolean::cgal::empty(*m))
                 return;
 
-            if (!MeshBoolean::cgal::does_bound_a_volume(*m))
+            if (MeshBoolean::cgal::does_self_intersect(*m))
                 return;
 
-            if (MeshBoolean::cgal::does_self_intersect(*m))
+            if (!MeshBoolean::cgal::does_bound_a_volume(*m))
                 return;
         }
         catch (...) { return; }

src/libslic3r/ClipperUtils.cpp

@@ -773,8 +773,16 @@ Slic3r::ExPolygons intersection_ex(const Slic3r::SurfacesPtr &subject, const Sli
 // May be used to "heal" unusual models (3DLabPrints etc.) by providing fill_type (pftEvenOdd, pftNonZero, pftPositive, pftNegative).
 Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::Polygons &subject, ClipperLib::PolyFillType fill_type)
     { return _clipper_ex(ClipperLib::ctUnion, ClipperUtils::PolygonsProvider(subject), ClipperUtils::EmptyPathsProvider(), ApplySafetyOffset::No, fill_type); }
+Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::Polygons &subject, const Slic3r::Polygons &subject2, ClipperLib::PolyFillType fill_type)
+    { return _clipper_ex(ClipperLib::ctUnion, ClipperUtils::PolygonsProvider(subject), ClipperUtils::PolygonsProvider(subject2), ApplySafetyOffset::No, fill_type); }
 Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject)
     { return PolyTreeToExPolygons(clipper_do_polytree(ClipperLib::ctUnion, ClipperUtils::ExPolygonsProvider(subject), ClipperUtils::EmptyPathsProvider(), ClipperLib::pftNonZero)); }
+Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject, const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject2)
+    { return PolyTreeToExPolygons(clipper_do_polytree(ClipperLib::ctUnion, ClipperUtils::ExPolygonsProvider(subject), ClipperUtils::ExPolygonsProvider(subject2), ClipperLib::pftNonZero)); }
+Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::Polygons &subject, const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject2)
+    { return PolyTreeToExPolygons(clipper_do_polytree(ClipperLib::ctUnion, ClipperUtils::PolygonsProvider(subject), ClipperUtils::ExPolygonsProvider(subject2), ClipperLib::pftNonZero)); }
+Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject, const Slic3r::Polygons &subject2)
+    { return PolyTreeToExPolygons(clipper_do_polytree(ClipperLib::ctUnion, ClipperUtils::ExPolygonsProvider(subject), ClipperUtils::PolygonsProvider(subject2), ClipperLib::pftNonZero)); }
 Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::Surfaces &subject)
     { return PolyTreeToExPolygons(clipper_do_polytree(ClipperLib::ctUnion, ClipperUtils::SurfacesProvider(subject), ClipperUtils::EmptyPathsProvider(), ClipperLib::pftNonZero)); }
 

src/libslic3r/ClipperUtils.hpp

@@ -498,7 +498,11 @@ Slic3r::Polygons union_(const Slic3r::Polygons &subject, const Slic3r::Polygons
 Slic3r::Polygons union_(const Slic3r::Polygons &subject, const Slic3r::ExPolygon &subject2);
 // May be used to "heal" unusual models (3DLabPrints etc.) by providing fill_type (pftEvenOdd, pftNonZero, pftPositive, pftNegative).
 Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::Polygons &subject, ClipperLib::PolyFillType fill_type = ClipperLib::pftNonZero);
+Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::Polygons &subject, const Slic3r::Polygons &subject2, ClipperLib::PolyFillType fill_type = ClipperLib::pftNonZero);
 Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject);
+Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject, const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject2);
+Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject, const Slic3r::Polygons &subject2);
+Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::Polygons &subject, const Slic3r::ExPolygons &subject2);
 Slic3r::ExPolygons union_ex(const Slic3r::Surfaces &subject);
 
 // Convert polygons / expolygons into ClipperLib::PolyTree using ClipperLib::pftEvenOdd, thus union will NOT be performed.

src/libslic3r/Config.cpp

@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ std::ostream& ConfigDef::print_cli_help(std::ostream& out, bool show_defaults, s
                 descr += " (";
                 if (!def.sidetext.empty()) {
                     descr += def.sidetext + ", ";
-                } else if (def.enum_def->has_values()) {
+                } else if (def.enum_def && def.enum_def->has_values()) {
                     descr += boost::algorithm::join(def.enum_def->values(), ", ") + "; ";
                 }
                 descr += "default: " + def.default_value->serialize() + ")";
@@ -797,6 +797,9 @@ ConfigSubstitutions ConfigBase::load(const boost::property_tree::ptree &tree, Fo
             // ignore
         }
     }
+    // Do legacy conversion on a completely loaded dictionary.
+    // Perform composite conversions, for example merging multiple keys into one key.
+    this->handle_legacy_composite();
     return std::move(substitutions_ctxt.substitutions);
 }
 

src/libslic3r/Config.hpp

@@ -2160,6 +2160,10 @@ protected:
     // If the opt_key is no more valid in this version of Slic3r, opt_key is cleared by handle_legacy().
     // handle_legacy() is called internally by set_deserialize().
     virtual void                    handle_legacy(t_config_option_key &/*opt_key*/, std::string &/*value*/) const {}
+    // Called after a config is loaded as a whole.
+    // Perform composite conversions, for example merging multiple keys into one key.
+    // For conversion of single options, the handle_legacy() method above is called.
+    virtual void                    handle_legacy_composite() {}
 
 public:
 	using ConfigOptionResolver::option;

src/libslic3r/CutUtils.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,646 @@
+
+#include "CutUtils.hpp"
+#include "Geometry.hpp"
+#include "libslic3r.h"
+#include "Model.hpp"
+#include "TriangleMeshSlicer.hpp"
+#include "TriangleSelector.hpp"
+#include "ObjectID.hpp"
+
+#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+using namespace Geometry;
+
+static void apply_tolerance(ModelVolume* vol)
+{
+    ModelVolume::CutInfo& cut_info = vol->cut_info;
+
+    assert(cut_info.is_connector);
+    if (!cut_info.is_processed)
+        return;
+
+    Vec3d sf = vol->get_scaling_factor();
+
+    // make a "hole" wider
+    sf[X] += double(cut_info.radius_tolerance);
+    sf[Y] += double(cut_info.radius_tolerance);
+
+    // make a "hole" dipper
+    sf[Z] += double(cut_info.height_tolerance);
+
+    vol->set_scaling_factor(sf);
+
+    // correct offset in respect to the new depth
+    Vec3d rot_norm = rotation_transform(vol->get_rotation()) * Vec3d::UnitZ();
+    if (rot_norm.norm() != 0.0)
+        rot_norm.normalize();
+
+    double z_offset = 0.5 * static_cast<double>(cut_info.height_tolerance);
+    if (cut_info.connector_type == CutConnectorType::Plug || 
+        cut_info.connector_type == CutConnectorType::Snap)
+        z_offset -= 0.05; // add small Z offset to better preview
+
+    vol->set_offset(vol->get_offset() + rot_norm * z_offset);
+}
+
+static void add_cut_volume(TriangleMesh& mesh, ModelObject* object, const ModelVolume* src_volume, const Transform3d& cut_matrix, const std::string& suffix = {}, ModelVolumeType type = ModelVolumeType::MODEL_PART)
+{
+    if (mesh.empty())
+        return;
+
+    mesh.transform(cut_matrix);
+    ModelVolume* vol = object->add_volume(mesh);
+    vol->set_type(type);
+
+    vol->name = src_volume->name + suffix;
+    // Don't copy the config's ID.
+    vol->config.assign_config(src_volume->config);
+    assert(vol->config.id().valid());
+    assert(vol->config.id() != src_volume->config.id());
+    vol->set_material(src_volume->material_id(), *src_volume->material());
+    vol->cut_info = src_volume->cut_info;
+}
+
+static void process_volume_cut( ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
+                                ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, TriangleMesh& upper_mesh, TriangleMesh& lower_mesh)
+{
+    const auto volume_matrix = volume->get_matrix();
+
+    const Transformation cut_transformation = Transformation(cut_matrix);
+    const Transform3d invert_cut_matrix = cut_transformation.get_rotation_matrix().inverse() * translation_transform(-1 * cut_transformation.get_offset());
+
+    // Transform the mesh by the combined transformation matrix.
+    // Flip the triangles in case the composite transformation is left handed.
+    TriangleMesh mesh(volume->mesh());
+    mesh.transform(invert_cut_matrix * instance_matrix * volume_matrix, true);
+
+    indexed_triangle_set upper_its, lower_its;
+    cut_mesh(mesh.its, 0.0f, &upper_its, &lower_its);
+    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper))
+        upper_mesh = TriangleMesh(upper_its);
+    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower))
+        lower_mesh = TriangleMesh(lower_its);
+}
+
+static void process_connector_cut(  ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
+                                    ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower,
+                                    std::vector<ModelObject*>& dowels)
+{
+    assert(volume->cut_info.is_connector);
+    volume->cut_info.set_processed();
+
+    const auto volume_matrix = volume->get_matrix();
+
+    // ! Don't apply instance transformation for the conntectors.
+    // This transformation is already there
+    if (volume->cut_info.connector_type != CutConnectorType::Dowel) {
+        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper)) {
+            ModelVolume* vol = nullptr;
+            if (volume->cut_info.connector_type == CutConnectorType::Snap) {
+                TriangleMesh mesh = TriangleMesh(its_make_cylinder(1.0, 1.0, PI / 180.));
+
+                vol = upper->add_volume(std::move(mesh));
+                vol->set_transformation(volume->get_transformation());
+                vol->set_type(ModelVolumeType::NEGATIVE_VOLUME);
+
+                vol->cut_info = volume->cut_info;
+                vol->name = volume->name;
+            }
+            else
+                vol = upper->add_volume(*volume);
+
+            vol->set_transformation(volume_matrix);
+            apply_tolerance(vol);
+        }
+        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower)) {
+            ModelVolume* vol = lower->add_volume(*volume);
+            vol->set_transformation(volume_matrix);
+            // for lower part change type of connector from NEGATIVE_VOLUME to MODEL_PART if this connector is a plug
+            vol->set_type(ModelVolumeType::MODEL_PART);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::CreateDowels)) {
+            ModelObject* dowel{ nullptr };
+            // Clone the object to duplicate instances, materials etc.
+            volume->get_object()->clone_for_cut(&dowel);
+
+            // add one more solid part same as connector if this connector is a dowel
+            ModelVolume* vol = dowel->add_volume(*volume);
+            vol->set_type(ModelVolumeType::MODEL_PART);
+
+            // But discard rotation and Z-offset for this volume
+            vol->set_rotation(Vec3d::Zero());
+            vol->set_offset(Z, 0.0);
+
+            dowels.push_back(dowel);
+        }
+
+        // Cut the dowel
+        apply_tolerance(volume);
+
+        // Perform cut
+        TriangleMesh upper_mesh, lower_mesh;
+        process_volume_cut(volume, Transform3d::Identity(), cut_matrix, attributes, upper_mesh, lower_mesh);
+
+        // add small Z offset to better preview
+        upper_mesh.translate((-0.05 * Vec3d::UnitZ()).cast<float>());
+        lower_mesh.translate((0.05 * Vec3d::UnitZ()).cast<float>());
+
+        // Add cut parts to the related objects
+        add_cut_volume(upper_mesh, upper, volume, cut_matrix, "_A", volume->type());
+        add_cut_volume(lower_mesh, lower, volume, cut_matrix, "_B", volume->type());
+    }
+}
+
+static void process_modifier_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& inverse_cut_matrix,
+                                 ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower)
+{
+    const auto volume_matrix = instance_matrix * volume->get_matrix();
+
+    // Modifiers are not cut, but we still need to add the instance transformation
+    // to the modifier volume transformation to preserve their shape properly.
+    volume->set_transformation(Transformation(volume_matrix));
+
+    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts)) {
+        upper->add_volume(*volume);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Some logic for the negative volumes/connectors. Add only needed modifiers
+    auto bb = volume->mesh().transformed_bounding_box(inverse_cut_matrix * volume_matrix);
+    bool is_crossed_by_cut = bb.min[Z] <= 0 && bb.max[Z] >= 0;
+    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper) && (bb.min[Z] >= 0 || is_crossed_by_cut))
+        upper->add_volume(*volume);
+    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower) && (bb.max[Z] <= 0 || is_crossed_by_cut))
+        lower->add_volume(*volume);
+}
+
+static void process_solid_part_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
+                            ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower)
+{
+    // Perform cut
+    TriangleMesh upper_mesh, lower_mesh;
+    process_volume_cut(volume, instance_matrix, cut_matrix, attributes, upper_mesh, lower_mesh);
+
+    // Add required cut parts to the objects
+
+    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts)) {
+        add_cut_volume(upper_mesh, upper, volume, cut_matrix, "_A");
+        if (!lower_mesh.empty()) {
+            add_cut_volume(lower_mesh, upper, volume, cut_matrix, "_B");
+            upper->volumes.back()->cut_info.is_from_upper = false;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper))
+        add_cut_volume(upper_mesh, upper, volume, cut_matrix);
+
+    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower) && !lower_mesh.empty())
+        add_cut_volume(lower_mesh, lower, volume, cut_matrix);
+}
+
+static void reset_instance_transformation(ModelObject* object, size_t src_instance_idx, 
+                                          const Transform3d& cut_matrix = Transform3d::Identity(),
+                                          bool place_on_cut = false, bool flip = false)
+{
+    // Reset instance transformation except offset and Z-rotation
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < object->instances.size(); ++i) {
+        auto& obj_instance = object->instances[i];
+        const double rot_z = obj_instance->get_rotation().z();
+        
+        Transformation inst_trafo = Transformation(obj_instance->get_transformation().get_matrix_no_scaling_factor());
+        // add respect to mirroring
+        if (obj_instance->is_left_handed())
+            inst_trafo = inst_trafo * Transformation(scale_transform(Vec3d(-1, 1, 1)));
+
+        obj_instance->set_transformation(inst_trafo);
+
+        Vec3d rotation = Vec3d::Zero();
+        if (!flip && !place_on_cut) {
+            if ( i != src_instance_idx)
+            rotation[Z] = rot_z;
+        }
+        else {
+            Transform3d rotation_matrix = Transform3d::Identity();
+            if (flip)
+                rotation_matrix = rotation_transform(PI * Vec3d::UnitX());
+
+            if (place_on_cut)
+                rotation_matrix = rotation_matrix * Transformation(cut_matrix).get_rotation_matrix().inverse();
+
+            if (i != src_instance_idx)
+                rotation_matrix = rotation_transform(rot_z * Vec3d::UnitZ()) * rotation_matrix;
+
+            rotation = Transformation(rotation_matrix).get_rotation();
+        }
+
+        obj_instance->set_rotation(rotation);
+    }
+}
+
+
+Cut::Cut(const ModelObject* object, int instance, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
+         ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes/*= ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper | ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower | ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts*/)
+    : m_instance(instance), m_cut_matrix(cut_matrix), m_attributes(attributes)
+{
+    m_model = Model();
+    if (object)
+        m_model.add_object(*object);
+}
+
+void Cut::post_process(ModelObject* object, ModelObjectPtrs& cut_object_ptrs, bool keep, bool place_on_cut, bool flip)
+{
+    if (!object) return;
+
+    if (keep && !object->volumes.empty()) {
+        reset_instance_transformation(object, m_instance, m_cut_matrix, place_on_cut, flip);
+        cut_object_ptrs.push_back(object);
+    }
+    else
+        m_model.objects.push_back(object); // will be deleted in m_model.clear_objects();
+}
+
+void Cut::post_process(ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower, ModelObjectPtrs& cut_object_ptrs)
+{
+    post_process(upper, cut_object_ptrs,
+        m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper),
+        m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::PlaceOnCutUpper),
+        m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::FlipUpper));
+
+    post_process(lower, cut_object_ptrs,
+        m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower),
+        m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::PlaceOnCutLower),
+        m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::PlaceOnCutLower) || m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::FlipLower));
+}
+
+
+void Cut::finalize(const ModelObjectPtrs& objects)
+{
+    //clear model from temporarry objects
+    m_model.clear_objects();
+
+    // add to model result objects
+    m_model.objects = objects;
+}
+
+
+const ModelObjectPtrs& Cut::perform_with_plane()
+{
+    if (!m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper) && !m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower)) {
+        m_model.clear_objects();
+        return m_model.objects;
+    }
+
+    ModelObject* mo = m_model.objects.front();
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "ModelObject::cut - start";
+
+    // Clone the object to duplicate instances, materials etc.
+    ModelObject* upper{ nullptr };
+    if (m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper))
+        mo->clone_for_cut(&upper);
+
+    ModelObject* lower{ nullptr };
+    if (m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower) && !m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts))
+        mo->clone_for_cut(&lower);
+
+    std::vector<ModelObject*> dowels;
+
+    // Because transformations are going to be applied to meshes directly,
+    // we reset transformation of all instances and volumes,
+    // except for translation and Z-rotation on instances, which are preserved
+    // in the transformation matrix and not applied to the mesh transform.
+
+    const auto              instance_matrix = mo->instances[m_instance]->get_transformation().get_matrix_no_offset();
+    const Transformation    cut_transformation = Transformation(m_cut_matrix);
+    const Transform3d       inverse_cut_matrix = cut_transformation.get_rotation_matrix().inverse() * translation_transform(-1. * cut_transformation.get_offset());
+
+    for (ModelVolume* volume : mo->volumes) {
+        volume->reset_extra_facets();
+
+        if (!volume->is_model_part()) {
+            if (volume->cut_info.is_processed)
+                process_modifier_cut(volume, instance_matrix, inverse_cut_matrix, m_attributes, upper, lower);
+            else
+                process_connector_cut(volume, instance_matrix, m_cut_matrix, m_attributes, upper, lower, dowels);
+        }
+        else if (!volume->mesh().empty())
+            process_solid_part_cut(volume, instance_matrix, m_cut_matrix, m_attributes, upper, lower);
+    }
+
+    // Post-process cut parts
+
+    if (m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts) && upper->volumes.empty()) {
+        m_model = Model();
+        m_model.objects.push_back(upper);
+        return m_model.objects;
+    }
+
+    ModelObjectPtrs cut_object_ptrs;
+
+    if (m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts) && !upper->volumes.empty()) {
+        reset_instance_transformation(upper, m_instance, m_cut_matrix);
+        cut_object_ptrs.push_back(upper);
+    }
+    else {
+        // Delete all modifiers which are not intersecting with solid parts bounding box
+        auto delete_extra_modifiers = [this](ModelObject* mo) {
+            if (!mo) return;
+            const BoundingBoxf3 obj_bb = mo->instance_bounding_box(m_instance);
+            const Transform3d inst_matrix = mo->instances[m_instance]->get_transformation().get_matrix();
+
+            for (int i = int(mo->volumes.size()) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
+                if (const ModelVolume* vol = mo->volumes[i];
+                    !vol->is_model_part() && !vol->is_cut_connector()) {
+                    auto bb = vol->mesh().transformed_bounding_box(inst_matrix * vol->get_matrix());
+                    if (!obj_bb.intersects(bb))
+                        mo->delete_volume(i);
+                }
+        };
+
+        post_process(upper, lower, cut_object_ptrs);
+        delete_extra_modifiers(upper);
+        delete_extra_modifiers(lower);
+
+        if (m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::CreateDowels) && !dowels.empty()) {
+            for (auto dowel : dowels) {
+                reset_instance_transformation(dowel, m_instance);
+                dowel->name += "-Dowel-" + dowel->volumes[0]->name;
+                cut_object_ptrs.push_back(dowel);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "ModelObject::cut - end";
+
+    finalize(cut_object_ptrs);
+
+    return m_model.objects;
+}
+
+static void distribute_modifiers_from_object(ModelObject* from_obj, const int instance_idx, ModelObject* to_obj1, ModelObject* to_obj2)
+{
+    auto              obj1_bb = to_obj1 ? to_obj1->instance_bounding_box(instance_idx) : BoundingBoxf3();
+    auto              obj2_bb = to_obj2 ? to_obj2->instance_bounding_box(instance_idx) : BoundingBoxf3();
+    const Transform3d inst_matrix = from_obj->instances[instance_idx]->get_transformation().get_matrix();
+
+    for (ModelVolume* vol : from_obj->volumes)
+        if (!vol->is_model_part()) {
+            auto bb = vol->mesh().transformed_bounding_box(inst_matrix * vol->get_matrix());
+            // Don't add modifiers which are not intersecting with solid parts
+            if (obj1_bb.intersects(bb))
+                to_obj1->add_volume(*vol);
+            if (obj2_bb.intersects(bb))
+                to_obj2->add_volume(*vol);
+        }
+}
+
+static void merge_solid_parts_inside_object(ModelObjectPtrs& objects)
+{
+    for (ModelObject* mo : objects) {
+        TriangleMesh mesh;
+        // Merge all SolidPart but not Connectors
+        for (const ModelVolume* mv : mo->volumes) {
+            if (mv->is_model_part() && !mv->is_cut_connector()) {
+                TriangleMesh m = mv->mesh();
+                m.transform(mv->get_matrix());
+                mesh.merge(m);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!mesh.empty()) {
+            ModelVolume* new_volume = mo->add_volume(mesh);
+            new_volume->name = mo->name;
+            // Delete all merged SolidPart but not Connectors
+            for (int i = int(mo->volumes.size()) - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
+                const ModelVolume* mv = mo->volumes[i];
+                if (mv->is_model_part() && !mv->is_cut_connector())
+                    mo->delete_volume(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+const ModelObjectPtrs& Cut::perform_by_contour(std::vector<Part> parts, int dowels_count)
+{
+    ModelObject* cut_mo = m_model.objects.front();
+
+    // Clone the object to duplicate instances, materials etc.
+    ModelObject* upper{ nullptr };
+    if (m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper)) cut_mo->clone_for_cut(&upper);
+    ModelObject* lower{ nullptr };
+    if (m_attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower)) cut_mo->clone_for_cut(&lower);
+
+    const size_t cut_parts_cnt = parts.size();
+    bool has_modifiers = false;
+
+    // Distribute SolidParts to the Upper/Lower object
+    for (size_t id = 0; id < cut_parts_cnt; ++id) {
+        if (parts[id].is_modifier)
+            has_modifiers = true; // modifiers will be added later to the related parts
+        else if (ModelObject* obj = (parts[id].selected ? upper : lower))
+            obj->add_volume(*(cut_mo->volumes[id]));
+    }
+
+    if (has_modifiers) {
+        // Distribute Modifiers to the Upper/Lower object
+        distribute_modifiers_from_object(cut_mo, m_instance, upper, lower);
+    }
+
+    ModelObjectPtrs cut_object_ptrs;
+
+    ModelVolumePtrs& volumes = cut_mo->volumes;
+    if (volumes.size() == cut_parts_cnt) {
+        // Means that object is cut without connectors
+
+        // Just add Upper and Lower objects to cut_object_ptrs
+        post_process(upper, lower, cut_object_ptrs);
+    }
+    else if (volumes.size() > cut_parts_cnt) {
+        // Means that object is cut with connectors
+
+        // All volumes are distributed to Upper / Lower object,
+        // So we don’t need them anymore
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < cut_parts_cnt; id++)
+            delete* (volumes.begin() + id);
+        volumes.erase(volumes.begin(), volumes.begin() + cut_parts_cnt);
+
+        // Perform cut just to get connectors
+        Cut cut(cut_mo, m_instance, m_cut_matrix, m_attributes);
+        const ModelObjectPtrs& cut_connectors_obj = cut.perform_with_plane();
+        assert(dowels_count > 0 ? cut_connectors_obj.size() >= 3 : cut_connectors_obj.size() == 2);
+
+        // Connectors from upper object
+        for (const ModelVolume* volume : cut_connectors_obj[0]->volumes)
+            upper->add_volume(*volume, volume->type());
+
+        // Connectors from lower object
+        for (const ModelVolume* volume : cut_connectors_obj[1]->volumes)
+            lower->add_volume(*volume, volume->type());
+
+        // Add Upper and Lower objects to cut_object_ptrs
+        post_process(upper, lower, cut_object_ptrs);
+
+        // Add Dowel-connectors as separate objects to cut_object_ptrs
+        if (cut_connectors_obj.size() >= 3)
+            for (size_t id = 2; id < cut_connectors_obj.size(); id++)
+                cut_object_ptrs.push_back(cut_connectors_obj[id]);
+    }
+
+    // Now merge all model parts together:
+    merge_solid_parts_inside_object(cut_object_ptrs);
+
+    finalize(cut_object_ptrs);
+
+    return m_model.objects;
+}
+
+
+const ModelObjectPtrs& Cut::perform_with_groove(const Groove& groove, const Transform3d& rotation_m, bool keep_as_parts/* = false*/)
+{
+    ModelObject* cut_mo = m_model.objects.front();
+
+    // Clone the object to duplicate instances, materials etc.
+    ModelObject* upper{ nullptr };
+    cut_mo->clone_for_cut(&upper);
+    ModelObject* lower{ nullptr };
+    cut_mo->clone_for_cut(&lower);
+
+    const double groove_half_depth = 0.5 * double(groove.depth);
+
+    Model tmp_model_for_cut = Model();
+
+    Model tmp_model = Model();
+    tmp_model.add_object(*cut_mo);
+    ModelObject* tmp_object = tmp_model.objects.front();
+
+    auto add_volumes_from_cut = [](ModelObject* object, const ModelObjectCutAttribute attribute, const Model& tmp_model_for_cut) {
+        const auto& volumes = tmp_model_for_cut.objects.front()->volumes;
+        for (const ModelVolume* volume : volumes)
+            if (volume->is_model_part()) {
+                if ((attribute == ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper && volume->is_from_upper()) ||
+                    (attribute != ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper && !volume->is_from_upper())) {
+                    ModelVolume* new_vol = object->add_volume(*volume);
+                    new_vol->reset_from_upper();
+                }
+            }
+    };
+
+    auto cut = [this, add_volumes_from_cut]
+                (ModelObject* object, const Transform3d& cut_matrix, const ModelObjectCutAttribute add_volumes_attribute, Model& tmp_model_for_cut) {
+        Cut cut(object, m_instance, cut_matrix);
+
+        tmp_model_for_cut = Model();
+        tmp_model_for_cut.add_object(*cut.perform_with_plane().front());
+        assert(!tmp_model_for_cut.objects.empty());
+
+        object->clear_volumes();
+        add_volumes_from_cut(object, add_volumes_attribute, tmp_model_for_cut);
+        reset_instance_transformation(object, m_instance);
+    };
+
+    // cut by upper plane
+
+    const Transform3d cut_matrix_upper = translation_transform(rotation_m * (groove_half_depth * Vec3d::UnitZ())) * m_cut_matrix;
+    {
+        cut(tmp_object, cut_matrix_upper, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower, tmp_model_for_cut);
+        add_volumes_from_cut(upper, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper, tmp_model_for_cut);
+    }
+
+    // cut by lower plane
+
+    const Transform3d cut_matrix_lower = translation_transform(rotation_m * (-groove_half_depth * Vec3d::UnitZ())) * m_cut_matrix;
+    {
+        cut(tmp_object, cut_matrix_lower, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper, tmp_model_for_cut);
+        add_volumes_from_cut(lower, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower, tmp_model_for_cut);
+    }
+
+    // cut middle part with 2 angles and add parts to related upper/lower objects
+
+    const double h_side_shift = 0.5 * double(groove.width + groove.depth / tan(groove.flaps_angle));
+
+    // cut by angle1 plane
+    {
+        const Transform3d cut_matrix_angle1 = translation_transform(rotation_m * (-h_side_shift * Vec3d::UnitX())) * m_cut_matrix * rotation_transform(Vec3d(0, -groove.flaps_angle, -groove.angle));
+
+        cut(tmp_object, cut_matrix_angle1, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower, tmp_model_for_cut);
+        add_volumes_from_cut(lower, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper, tmp_model_for_cut);
+    }
+
+    // cut by angle2 plane
+    {
+        const Transform3d cut_matrix_angle2 = translation_transform(rotation_m * (h_side_shift * Vec3d::UnitX())) * m_cut_matrix * rotation_transform(Vec3d(0, groove.flaps_angle, groove.angle));
+
+        cut(tmp_object, cut_matrix_angle2, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower, tmp_model_for_cut);
+        add_volumes_from_cut(lower, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper, tmp_model_for_cut);
+    }
+
+    // apply tolerance to the middle part
+    {
+        const double h_groove_shift_tolerance = groove_half_depth - (double)groove.depth_tolerance;
+
+        const Transform3d cut_matrix_lower_tolerance = translation_transform(rotation_m * (-h_groove_shift_tolerance * Vec3d::UnitZ())) * m_cut_matrix;
+        cut(tmp_object, cut_matrix_lower_tolerance, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper, tmp_model_for_cut);
+
+        const double h_side_shift_tolerance = h_side_shift - 0.5 * double(groove.width_tolerance);
+
+        const Transform3d cut_matrix_angle1_tolerance = translation_transform(rotation_m * (-h_side_shift_tolerance * Vec3d::UnitX())) * m_cut_matrix * rotation_transform(Vec3d(0, -groove.flaps_angle, -groove.angle));
+        cut(tmp_object, cut_matrix_angle1_tolerance, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower, tmp_model_for_cut);
+
+        const Transform3d cut_matrix_angle2_tolerance = translation_transform(rotation_m * (h_side_shift_tolerance * Vec3d::UnitX())) * m_cut_matrix * rotation_transform(Vec3d(0, groove.flaps_angle, groove.angle));
+        cut(tmp_object, cut_matrix_angle2_tolerance, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper, tmp_model_for_cut);
+    }
+
+    // this part can be added to the upper object now
+    add_volumes_from_cut(upper, ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower, tmp_model_for_cut);
+
+    ModelObjectPtrs cut_object_ptrs;
+
+    if (keep_as_parts) {
+        // add volumes from lower object to the upper, but mark them as a lower
+        const auto& volumes = lower->volumes;
+        for (const ModelVolume* volume : volumes) {
+            ModelVolume* new_vol = upper->add_volume(*volume);
+            new_vol->cut_info.is_from_upper = false;
+        }
+
+        // add modifiers
+        for (const ModelVolume* volume : cut_mo->volumes)
+            if (!volume->is_model_part())
+                upper->add_volume(*volume);
+
+        cut_object_ptrs.push_back(upper);
+
+        // add lower object to the cut_object_ptrs just to correct delete it from the Model destructor and avoid memory leaks
+        cut_object_ptrs.push_back(lower);
+    }
+    else {
+        // add modifiers if object has any
+        for (const ModelVolume* volume : cut_mo->volumes)
+            if (!volume->is_model_part()) {
+                distribute_modifiers_from_object(cut_mo, m_instance, upper, lower);
+                break;
+            }
+
+        assert(!upper->volumes.empty() && !lower->volumes.empty());
+
+        // Add Upper and Lower parts to cut_object_ptrs
+
+        post_process(upper, lower, cut_object_ptrs);
+
+        // Now merge all model parts together:
+        merge_solid_parts_inside_object(cut_object_ptrs);
+    }
+
+    finalize(cut_object_ptrs);
+
+    return m_model.objects;
+}
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+

src/libslic3r/CutUtils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+
+#ifndef slic3r_CutUtils_hpp_
+#define slic3r_CutUtils_hpp_
+
+#include "enum_bitmask.hpp"
+#include "Point.hpp"
+#include "Model.hpp"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Slic3r {
+
+using ModelObjectPtrs = std::vector<ModelObject*>;
+
+enum class ModelObjectCutAttribute : int { KeepUpper, KeepLower, KeepAsParts, FlipUpper, FlipLower, PlaceOnCutUpper, PlaceOnCutLower, CreateDowels, InvalidateCutInfo };
+using ModelObjectCutAttributes = enum_bitmask<ModelObjectCutAttribute>;
+ENABLE_ENUM_BITMASK_OPERATORS(ModelObjectCutAttribute);
+
+
+class Cut {
+
+    Model                       m_model;
+    int                         m_instance;
+    const Transform3d           m_cut_matrix;
+    ModelObjectCutAttributes    m_attributes;
+
+    void post_process(ModelObject* object, ModelObjectPtrs& objects, bool keep, bool place_on_cut, bool flip);
+    void post_process(ModelObject* upper_object, ModelObject* lower_object, ModelObjectPtrs& objects);
+    void finalize(const ModelObjectPtrs& objects);
+
+public:
+
+    Cut(const ModelObject* object, int instance, const Transform3d& cut_matrix, 
+        ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes = ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper |
+                                              ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower |
+                                              ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts );
+    ~Cut() { m_model.clear_objects(); }
+
+    struct Groove
+    {
+        float depth{ 0.f };
+        float width{ 0.f };
+        float flaps_angle{ 0.f };
+        float angle{ 0.f };
+        float depth_init{ 0.f };
+        float width_init{ 0.f };
+        float flaps_angle_init{ 0.f };
+        float angle_init{ 0.f };
+        float depth_tolerance{ 0.1f };
+        float width_tolerance{ 0.1f };
+    };
+
+    struct Part
+    {
+        bool selected;
+        bool is_modifier;
+    };
+
+    const ModelObjectPtrs& perform_with_plane();
+    const ModelObjectPtrs& perform_by_contour(std::vector<Part> parts, int dowels_count);
+    const ModelObjectPtrs& perform_with_groove(const Groove& groove, const Transform3d& rotation_m, bool keep_as_parts = false);
+
+}; // namespace Cut
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
+
+#endif /* slic3r_CutUtils_hpp_ */

src/libslic3r/Emboss.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 #include "libslic3r/Line.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/BoundingBox.hpp"
 
+// Experimentaly suggested ration of font ascent by multiple fonts
+// to get approx center of normal text line
+const double ASCENT_CENTER = 1/3.; // 0.5 is above small letter
+
 using namespace Slic3r;
 using namespace Emboss;
 using fontinfo_opt = std::optional<stbtt_fontinfo>;
@@ -1207,64 +1211,160 @@ std::optional<Glyph> Emboss::letter2glyph(const FontFile &font,
     return priv::get_glyph(*font_info_opt, letter, flatness);
 }
 
-ExPolygons Emboss::text2shapes(FontFileWithCache    &font_with_cache,
-                               const char           *text,
-                               const FontProp       &font_prop,
-                               std::function<bool()> was_canceled)
+const FontFile::Info &Emboss::get_font_info(const FontFile &font, const FontProp &prop)
+{
+    unsigned int font_index = prop.collection_number.value_or(0);
+    assert(priv::is_valid(font, font_index));
+    return font.infos[font_index];
+}
+
+int Emboss::get_line_height(const FontFile &font, const FontProp &prop) {
+    const FontFile::Info &info = get_font_info(font, prop);
+    int line_height = info.ascent - info.descent + info.linegap;
+    line_height += prop.line_gap.value_or(0);
+    return static_cast<int>(line_height / SHAPE_SCALE);
+}
+
+namespace {
+ExPolygons letter2shapes(
+    wchar_t letter, Point &cursor, FontFileWithCache &font_with_cache, const FontProp &font_prop, fontinfo_opt& font_info_cache)
 {
     assert(font_with_cache.has_value());
-    fontinfo_opt font_info_opt;    
-    Point    cursor(0, 0);
+    if (!font_with_cache.has_value())
+        return {};
+
+    Glyphs &cache = *font_with_cache.cache;
+    const FontFile &font  = *font_with_cache.font_file;
+
+    if (letter == '\n') {
+        cursor.x() = 0;
+        // 2d shape has opposit direction of y
+        cursor.y() -= get_line_height(font, font_prop);
+        return {};
+    }
+    if (letter == '\t') {
+        // '\t' = 4*space => same as imgui
+        const int count_spaces = 4;
+        const Glyph *space = priv::get_glyph(int(' '), font, font_prop, cache, font_info_cache);
+        if (space == nullptr)
+            return {};
+        cursor.x() += count_spaces * space->advance_width;
+        return {};
+    }
+    if (letter == '\r')
+        return {};
+
+    int unicode = static_cast<int>(letter);
+    auto it = cache.find(unicode);
+
+    // Create glyph from font file and cache it
+    const Glyph *glyph_ptr = (it != cache.end()) ? &it->second : priv::get_glyph(unicode, font, font_prop, cache, font_info_cache);
+    if (glyph_ptr == nullptr)
+        return {};
+
+    // move glyph to cursor position
+    ExPolygons expolygons = glyph_ptr->shape; // copy
+    for (ExPolygon &expolygon : expolygons)
+        expolygon.translate(cursor);
+
+    cursor.x() += glyph_ptr->advance_width;
+    return expolygons;
+}
+
+// Check cancel every X letters in text
+// Lower number - too much checks(slows down)
+// Higher number - slows down response on cancelation
+const int CANCEL_CHECK = 10;
+} // namespace
+
+ExPolygons Emboss::text2shapes(FontFileWithCache &font_with_cache, const char *text, const FontProp &font_prop, const std::function<bool()>& was_canceled)
+{
+    std::wstring text_w = boost::nowide::widen(text);
+    std::vector<ExPolygons> vshapes = text2vshapes(font_with_cache, text_w, font_prop, was_canceled);
+    // unify to one expolygon
     ExPolygons result;
-    const FontFile& font = *font_with_cache.font_file;
-    unsigned int font_index = font_prop.collection_number.has_value()?
-        *font_prop.collection_number : 0;
-    if (!priv::is_valid(font, font_index)) return {};
-    const FontFile::Info& info = font.infos[font_index];
-    Glyphs& cache = *font_with_cache.cache;
-    std::wstring ws = boost::nowide::widen(text);
-    for (wchar_t wc: ws){
-        if (wc == '\n') { 
-            int line_height = info.ascent - info.descent + info.linegap;
-            if (font_prop.line_gap.has_value())
-                line_height += *font_prop.line_gap;
-            line_height = static_cast<int>(line_height / SHAPE_SCALE);
-
-            cursor.x() = 0;
-            cursor.y() -= line_height;
+    for (ExPolygons &shapes : vshapes) {
+        if (shapes.empty())
             continue;
-        } 
-        if (wc == '\t') {
-            // '\t' = 4*space => same as imgui
-            const int count_spaces = 4;
-            const Glyph* space = priv::get_glyph(int(' '), font, font_prop, cache, font_info_opt);
-            if (space == nullptr) continue;
-            cursor.x() += count_spaces * space->advance_width;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (wc == '\r') continue;
-
-        int unicode = static_cast<int>(wc);
-        // check cancelation only before unknown symbol - loading of symbol could be timeconsuming on slow computer and dificult fonts
-        auto it = cache.find(unicode);
-        if (it == cache.end() && was_canceled != nullptr && was_canceled()) return {};
-        const Glyph *glyph_ptr = (it != cache.end())? &it->second :
-            priv::get_glyph(unicode, font, font_prop, cache, font_info_opt);
-        if (glyph_ptr == nullptr) continue;
-        
-        // move glyph to cursor position
-        ExPolygons expolygons = glyph_ptr->shape; // copy
-        for (ExPolygon &expolygon : expolygons) 
-            expolygon.translate(cursor);
-
-        cursor.x() += glyph_ptr->advance_width;
-        expolygons_append(result, std::move(expolygons));
+        expolygons_append(result, std::move(shapes));
     }
     result = Slic3r::union_ex(result);
     heal_shape(result);
     return result;
 }
 
+namespace {
+/// <summary>
+/// Align shape against pivot
+/// </summary>
+/// <param name="shapes">Shapes to align
+/// Prerequisities: shapes are aligned left top</param>
+/// <param name="text">To detect end of lines - to be able horizontal center the line</param>
+/// <param name="prop">Containe Horizontal and vertical alignment</param>
+/// <param name="font">Needed for scale and font size</param>
+void align_shape(std::vector<ExPolygons> &shapes, const std::wstring &text, const FontProp &prop, const FontFile &font);
+}
+
+std::vector<ExPolygons> Emboss::text2vshapes(FontFileWithCache &font_with_cache, const std::wstring& text, const FontProp &font_prop, const std::function<bool()>& was_canceled){
+    assert(font_with_cache.has_value());
+    const FontFile &font = *font_with_cache.font_file;
+    unsigned int font_index = font_prop.collection_number.value_or(0);
+    if (!priv::is_valid(font, font_index))
+        return {};
+
+    unsigned counter = 0;
+    Point cursor(0, 0);
+
+    fontinfo_opt font_info_cache;  
+    std::vector<ExPolygons> result;
+    result.reserve(text.size());
+    for (wchar_t letter : text) {
+        if (++counter == CANCEL_CHECK) {
+            counter = 0;
+            if (was_canceled())
+                return {};
+        }
+        result.emplace_back(letter2shapes(letter, cursor, font_with_cache, font_prop, font_info_cache));
+    }
+
+    align_shape(result, text, font_prop, font);
+    return result;
+}
+
+#include <boost/range/adaptor/reversed.hpp>
+unsigned Emboss::get_count_lines(const std::wstring& ws)
+{
+    if (ws.empty())
+        return 0;
+
+    unsigned count = 1;
+    for (wchar_t wc : ws)
+        if (wc == '\n')
+            ++count;
+    return count;
+
+    // unsigned prev_count = 0;
+    // for (wchar_t wc : ws)
+    //     if (wc == '\n')
+    //         ++prev_count;
+    //     else
+    //         break;
+    //
+    // unsigned post_count = 0;
+    // for (wchar_t wc : boost::adaptors::reverse(ws))
+    //     if (wc == '\n')
+    //         ++post_count;
+    //     else
+    //         break;
+    //return count - prev_count - post_count;
+}
+
+unsigned Emboss::get_count_lines(const std::string &text)
+{
+    std::wstring ws = boost::nowide::widen(text.c_str());
+    return get_count_lines(ws);
+}
+
 void Emboss::apply_transformation(const FontProp &font_prop, Transform3d &transformation){
     apply_transformation(font_prop.angle, font_prop.distance, transformation);
 }
@@ -1361,8 +1461,7 @@ std::string Emboss::create_range_text(const std::string &text,
 
 double Emboss::get_shape_scale(const FontProp &fp, const FontFile &ff)
 {
-    size_t font_index  = fp.collection_number.value_or(0);
-    const FontFile::Info &info = ff.infos[font_index];
+    const FontFile::Info &info = get_font_info(ff, fp);
     double scale  = fp.size_in_mm / (double) info.unit_per_em;
     // Shape is scaled for store point coordinate as integer
     return scale * SHAPE_SCALE;
@@ -1657,6 +1756,266 @@ std::optional<Vec2d> Emboss::OrthoProject::unproject(const Vec3d &p, double *dep
     return Vec2d(pp.x(), pp.y());
 }
 
+// sample slice
+namespace {
+
+// using coor2 = int64_t;
+using Coord2 = double;
+using P2     = Eigen::Matrix<Coord2, 2, 1, Eigen::DontAlign>;
+
+bool point_in_distance(const Coord2 &distance_sq, PolygonPoint &polygon_point, const size_t &i, const Slic3r::Polygon &polygon, bool is_first, bool is_reverse = false)
+{
+    size_t s  = polygon.size();
+    size_t ii = (i + polygon_point.index) % s;
+
+    // second point of line
+    const Point &p = polygon[ii];
+    Point p_d = p - polygon_point.point;
+
+    P2 p_d2 = p_d.cast<Coord2>();
+    Coord2 p_distance_sq = p_d2.squaredNorm();
+    if (p_distance_sq < distance_sq)
+        return false;
+
+    // found line
+    if (is_first) {
+        // on same line
+        // center also lay on line
+        // new point is distance moved from point by direction
+        polygon_point.point += p_d * sqrt(distance_sq / p_distance_sq);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // line cross circle
+
+    // start point of line
+    size_t ii2          = (is_reverse) ? (ii + 1) % s : (ii + s - 1) % s;
+    polygon_point.index = (is_reverse) ? ii : ii2;
+    const Point &p2 = polygon[ii2];
+
+    Point line_dir  = p2 - p;
+    P2    line_dir2 = line_dir.cast<Coord2>();
+
+    Coord2 a = line_dir2.dot(line_dir2);
+    Coord2 b = 2 * p_d2.dot(line_dir2);
+    Coord2 c = p_d2.dot(p_d2) - distance_sq;
+
+    double discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c;
+    if (discriminant < 0) {
+        assert(false);
+        // no intersection
+        polygon_point.point = p;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // ray didn't totally miss sphere,
+    // so there is a solution to
+    // the equation.
+    discriminant = sqrt(discriminant);
+
+    // either solution may be on or off the ray so need to test both
+    // t1 is always the smaller value, because BOTH discriminant and
+    // a are nonnegative.
+    double t1 = (-b - discriminant) / (2 * a);
+    double t2 = (-b + discriminant) / (2 * a);
+
+    double t = std::min(t1, t2);
+    if (t < 0. || t > 1.) {
+        // Bad intersection
+        assert(false);
+        polygon_point.point = p;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    polygon_point.point = p + (t * line_dir2).cast<Point::coord_type>();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void point_in_distance(int32_t distance, PolygonPoint &p, const Slic3r::Polygon &polygon)
+{
+    Coord2 distance_sq = static_cast<Coord2>(distance) * distance;
+    bool is_first = true;
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < polygon.size(); ++i) {
+        if (point_in_distance(distance_sq, p, i, polygon, is_first))
+            return;
+        is_first = false;
+    }
+    // There is not point on polygon with this distance
+}
+
+void point_in_reverse_distance(int32_t distance, PolygonPoint &p, const Slic3r::Polygon &polygon)
+{
+    Coord2 distance_sq = static_cast<Coord2>(distance) * distance;
+    bool is_first = true;
+    bool is_reverse = true;
+    for (size_t i = polygon.size(); i > 0; --i) {
+        if (point_in_distance(distance_sq, p, i, polygon, is_first, is_reverse))
+            return;
+        is_first = false;
+    }
+    // There is not point on polygon with this distance
+}
+} // namespace
+
+// calculate rotation, need copy of polygon point
+double Emboss::calculate_angle(int32_t distance, PolygonPoint polygon_point, const Polygon &polygon)
+{
+    PolygonPoint polygon_point2 = polygon_point; // copy
+    point_in_distance(distance, polygon_point, polygon);
+    point_in_reverse_distance(distance, polygon_point2, polygon);
+
+    Point surface_dir = polygon_point2.point - polygon_point.point;
+    Point norm(-surface_dir.y(), surface_dir.x());
+    Vec2d norm_d = norm.cast<double>();
+    //norm_d.normalize();
+    return std::atan2(norm_d.y(), norm_d.x());
+}
+
+std::vector<double> Emboss::calculate_angles(int32_t distance, const PolygonPoints& polygon_points, const Polygon &polygon)
+{
+    std::vector<double> result;
+    result.reserve(polygon_points.size());
+    for(const PolygonPoint& pp: polygon_points)
+        result.emplace_back(calculate_angle(distance, pp, polygon));
+    return result;
+}
+
+PolygonPoints Emboss::sample_slice(const TextLine &slice, const BoundingBoxes &bbs, double scale)
+{
+    // find BB in center of line
+    size_t first_right_index = 0;
+    for (const BoundingBox &bb : bbs)
+        if (!bb.defined) // white char do not have bb
+            continue;
+        else if (bb.min.x() < 0)
+            ++first_right_index;
+        else 
+            break;
+
+    PolygonPoints samples(bbs.size());
+    int32_t shapes_x_cursor = 0;
+
+    PolygonPoint cursor = slice.start; //copy
+
+    auto create_sample = [&] //polygon_cursor, &polygon_line_index, &line_bbs, &shapes_x_cursor, &shape_scale, &em_2_polygon, &line, &offsets]
+    (const BoundingBox &bb, bool is_reverse) {
+        if (!bb.defined)
+            return cursor;
+        Point   letter_center  = bb.center();
+        int32_t shape_distance = shapes_x_cursor - letter_center.x();
+        shapes_x_cursor        = letter_center.x();
+        double  distance_mm    = shape_distance * scale;
+        int32_t distance_polygon = static_cast<int32_t>(std::round(scale_(distance_mm)));
+        if (is_reverse)
+            point_in_distance(distance_polygon, cursor, slice.polygon);
+        else
+            point_in_reverse_distance(distance_polygon, cursor, slice.polygon);
+        return cursor;
+    };
+
+    // calc transformation for letters on the Right side from center
+    bool is_reverse = true;
+    for (size_t index = first_right_index; index < bbs.size(); ++index)
+        samples[index] = create_sample(bbs[index], is_reverse);
+
+    // calc transformation for letters on the Left side from center
+    if (first_right_index < bbs.size()) {
+        shapes_x_cursor = bbs[first_right_index].center().x();
+        cursor          = samples[first_right_index];
+    }else{
+        // only left side exists
+        shapes_x_cursor = 0;
+        cursor = slice.start; // copy    
+    }
+    is_reverse = false;
+    for (size_t index_plus_one = first_right_index; index_plus_one > 0; --index_plus_one) {
+        size_t index = index_plus_one - 1;
+        samples[index] = create_sample(bbs[index], is_reverse);
+    }
+    return samples;
+}
+
+namespace {
+float get_align_y_offset(FontProp::VerticalAlign align, unsigned count_lines, const FontFile &ff, const FontProp &fp)
+{
+    assert(count_lines != 0);
+    int line_height = get_line_height(ff, fp);
+    int ascent = get_font_info(ff, fp).ascent / SHAPE_SCALE;
+    float line_center = static_cast<float>(std::round(ascent * ASCENT_CENTER));
+
+    // direction of Y in 2d is from top to bottom
+    // zero is on base line of first line
+    switch (align) {
+    case FontProp::VerticalAlign::bottom: return line_height * (count_lines - 1);
+    case FontProp::VerticalAlign::top: return -ascent;
+    case FontProp::VerticalAlign::center: 
+    default: 
+        return -line_center + line_height * (count_lines - 1) / 2.;
+    }
+}
+
+int32_t get_align_x_offset(FontProp::HorizontalAlign align, const BoundingBox &shape_bb, const BoundingBox &line_bb)
+{
+    switch (align) {
+    case FontProp::HorizontalAlign::right: return -shape_bb.max.x() + (shape_bb.size().x() - line_bb.size().x());
+    case FontProp::HorizontalAlign::center: return -shape_bb.center().x() + (shape_bb.size().x() - line_bb.size().x()) / 2;
+    case FontProp::HorizontalAlign::left: // no change
+    default: break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void align_shape(std::vector<ExPolygons> &shapes, const std::wstring &text, const FontProp &prop, const FontFile &font)
+{
+    // Shapes have to match letters in text
+    assert(shapes.size() == text.length());
+
+    unsigned count_lines = get_count_lines(text);
+    int y_offset = get_align_y_offset(prop.align.second, count_lines, font, prop);
+
+    // Speed up for left aligned text
+    //if (prop.align.first == FontProp::HorizontalAlign::left){
+    //    // already horizontaly aligned
+    //    for (ExPolygons shape : shapes)
+    //        for (ExPolygon &s : shape)
+    //            s.translate(Point(0, y_offset));
+    //    return;
+    //}
+
+    BoundingBox shape_bb;
+    for (const ExPolygons& shape: shapes)
+        shape_bb.merge(get_extents(shape));
+
+    auto get_line_bb = [&](size_t j) {
+        BoundingBox line_bb;
+        for (; j < text.length() && text[j] != '\n'; ++j)
+            line_bb.merge(get_extents(shapes[j]));
+        return line_bb;
+    };
+
+    // Align x line by line
+    Point offset(
+        get_align_x_offset(prop.align.first, shape_bb, get_line_bb(0)), 
+        y_offset);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < shapes.size(); ++i) {
+        wchar_t letter = text[i];
+        if (letter == '\n'){
+            offset.x() = get_align_x_offset(prop.align.first, shape_bb, get_line_bb(i + 1));
+            continue;
+        }
+        ExPolygons &shape = shapes[i];
+        for (ExPolygon &s : shape)
+            s.translate(offset);
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+double Emboss::get_align_y_offset_in_mm(FontProp::VerticalAlign align, unsigned count_lines, const FontFile &ff, const FontProp &fp){
+    float offset_in_font_point = get_align_y_offset(align, count_lines, ff, fp);
+    double scale = get_shape_scale(fp, ff);
+    return scale * offset_in_font_point;
+}
+
 #ifdef REMOVE_SPIKES
 #include <Geometry.hpp>
 void priv::remove_spikes(Polygon &polygon, const SpikeDesc &spike_desc)

src/libslic3r/Emboss.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <admesh/stl.h> // indexed_triangle_set
 #include "Polygon.hpp"
 #include "ExPolygon.hpp"
+#include "BoundingBox.hpp"
 #include "TextConfiguration.hpp"
 
 namespace Slic3r {
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ namespace Emboss
         std::shared_ptr<Emboss::Glyphs> cache;
 
         FontFileWithCache() : font_file(nullptr), cache(nullptr) {}
-        FontFileWithCache(std::unique_ptr<FontFile> font_file)
+        explicit FontFileWithCache(std::unique_ptr<FontFile> font_file)
             : font_file(std::move(font_file))
             , cache(std::make_shared<Emboss::Glyphs>())
         {}
@@ -151,7 +152,12 @@ namespace Emboss
     /// <param name="font_prop">User defined property of the font</param>
     /// <param name="was_canceled">Way to interupt processing</param>
     /// <returns>Inner polygon cw(outer ccw)</returns>
-    ExPolygons text2shapes(FontFileWithCache &font, const char *text, const FontProp &font_prop, std::function<bool()> was_canceled = nullptr);
+    ExPolygons              text2shapes (FontFileWithCache &font, const char *text,         const FontProp &font_prop, const std::function<bool()> &was_canceled = []() {return false;});
+    std::vector<ExPolygons> text2vshapes(FontFileWithCache &font, const std::wstring& text, const FontProp &font_prop, const std::function<bool()>& was_canceled = []() {return false;});
+
+    /// Sum of character '\n'
+    unsigned get_count_lines(const std::wstring &ws);
+    unsigned get_count_lines(const std::string &text);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Fix duplicit points and self intersections in polygons.
@@ -222,6 +228,30 @@ namespace Emboss
     /// <returns>Conversion to mm</returns>
     double get_shape_scale(const FontProp &fp, const FontFile &ff);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// getter of font info by collection defined in prop
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="font">Contain infos about all fonts(collections) in file</param>
+    /// <param name="prop">Index of collection</param>
+    /// <returns>Ascent, descent, line gap</returns>
+    const FontFile::Info &get_font_info(const FontFile &font, const FontProp &prop);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Read from font file and properties height of line with spacing
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="font">Infos for collections</param>
+    /// <param name="prop">Collection index + Additional line gap</param>
+    /// <returns>Line height with spacing in ExPolygon size</returns>
+    int get_line_height(const FontFile &font, const FontProp &prop);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Calculate Vertical align
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="align">Top | Center | Bottom</param>
+    /// <param name="count_lines"></param>
+    /// <returns>Return align Y offset in mm</returns>
+    double get_align_y_offset_in_mm(FontProp::VerticalAlign align, unsigned count_lines, const FontFile &ff, const FontProp &fp);
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Project spatial point
     /// </summary>
@@ -337,6 +367,36 @@ namespace Emboss
         }
     };
 
+    class ProjectTransform : public IProjection
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<IProjection> m_core;
+        Transform3d m_tr;
+        Transform3d m_tr_inv;
+        double z_scale;
+    public:
+        ProjectTransform(std::unique_ptr<IProjection> core, const Transform3d &tr) : m_core(std::move(core)), m_tr(tr)
+        {
+            m_tr_inv = m_tr.inverse();
+            z_scale  = (m_tr.linear() * Vec3d::UnitZ()).norm();
+        }
+
+        // Inherited via IProject
+        std::pair<Vec3d, Vec3d> create_front_back(const Point &p) const override
+        {
+            auto [front, back] = m_core->create_front_back(p);
+            return std::make_pair(m_tr * front, m_tr * back);
+        }
+        Vec3d project(const Vec3d &point) const override{
+            return m_core->project(point);
+        }
+        std::optional<Vec2d> unproject(const Vec3d &p, double *depth = nullptr) const override {
+            auto res = m_core->unproject(m_tr_inv * p, depth);
+            if (depth != nullptr)
+                *depth *= z_scale;
+            return res;
+        }
+    };
+
     class OrthoProject3d : public Emboss::IProject3d
     {
         // size and direction of emboss for ortho projection
@@ -360,7 +420,43 @@ namespace Emboss
         Vec3d project(const Vec3d &point) const override;
         std::optional<Vec2d> unproject(const Vec3d &p, double * depth = nullptr) const override;     
     };
-} // namespace Emboss
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Define polygon for draw letters
+    /// </summary>
+    struct TextLine
+    {
+        // slice of object
+        Polygon polygon;
+
+        // point laying on polygon closest to zero
+        PolygonPoint start;
+
+        // offset of text line in volume mm
+        float y;
+    };
+    using TextLines = std::vector<TextLine>;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sample slice polygon by bounding boxes centers
+    /// slice start point has shape_center_x coor
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="slice">Polygon and start point[Slic3r scaled milimeters]</param>
+    /// <param name="bbs">Bounding boxes of letter on one line[in font scales]</param>
+    /// <param name="scale">Scale for bbs (after multiply bb is in milimeters)</param>
+    /// <returns>Sampled polygon by bounding boxes</returns>
+    PolygonPoints sample_slice(const TextLine &slice, const BoundingBoxes &bbs, double scale);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Calculate angle for polygon point
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="distance">Distance for found normal in point</param>
+    /// <param name="polygon_point">Select point on polygon</param>
+    /// <param name="polygon">Polygon know neighbor of point</param>
+    /// <returns>angle(atan2) of normal in polygon point</returns>
+    double calculate_angle(int32_t distance, PolygonPoint polygon_point, const Polygon &polygon);
+    std::vector<double> calculate_angles(int32_t distance, const PolygonPoints& polygon_points, const Polygon &polygon);
+
+} // namespace Emboss
 } // namespace Slic3r
 #endif // slic3r_Emboss_hpp_

src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp

@@ -239,9 +239,13 @@ namespace Slic3r {
 
         const bool needs_toolchange = gcodegen.writer().need_toolchange(new_extruder_id);
         const bool will_go_down = ! is_approx(z, current_z);
-        if (tcr.force_travel || ! needs_toolchange || (gcodegen.config().single_extruder_multi_material && ! tcr.priming)) {
-            // Move over the wipe tower. If this is not single-extruder MM, the first wipe tower move following the
-            // toolchange will travel there anyway (if there is a toolchange).
+        const bool is_ramming = (gcodegen.config().single_extruder_multi_material)
+                             || (! gcodegen.config().single_extruder_multi_material && gcodegen.config().filament_multitool_ramming.get_at(tcr.initial_tool));
+        const bool should_travel_to_tower = ! tcr.priming
+                                         && (tcr.force_travel        // wipe tower says so
+                                             || ! needs_toolchange   // this is just finishing the tower with no toolchange
+                                             || is_ramming);
+        if (should_travel_to_tower) {
             // FIXME: It would be better if the wipe tower set the force_travel flag for all toolchanges,
             // then we could simplify the condition and make it more readable.
             gcode += gcodegen.retract();
@@ -251,6 +255,9 @@ namespace Slic3r {
                 ExtrusionRole::Mixed,
                 "Travel to a Wipe Tower");
             gcode += gcodegen.unretract();
+        } else {
+            // When this is multiextruder printer without any ramming, we can just change
+            // the tool without travelling to the tower.
         }
         
         if (will_go_down) {
@@ -262,7 +269,7 @@ namespace Slic3r {
         std::string toolchange_gcode_str;
         std::string deretraction_str;
         if (tcr.priming || (new_extruder_id >= 0 && needs_toolchange)) {
-            if (gcodegen.config().single_extruder_multi_material)
+            if (is_ramming)
                 gcodegen.m_wipe.reset_path(); // We don't want wiping on the ramming lines.
             toolchange_gcode_str = gcodegen.set_extruder(new_extruder_id, tcr.print_z); // TODO: toolchange_z vs print_z
             if (gcodegen.config().wipe_tower)
@@ -3310,7 +3317,7 @@ std::string GCode::travel_to(const Point &point, ExtrusionRole role, std::string
 
 bool GCode::needs_retraction(const Polyline &travel, ExtrusionRole role)
 {
-    if (travel.length() < scale_(EXTRUDER_CONFIG(retract_before_travel))) {
+    if (! m_writer.extruder() || travel.length() < scale_(EXTRUDER_CONFIG(retract_before_travel))) {
         // skip retraction if the move is shorter than the configured threshold
         return false;
     }

src/libslic3r/GCode/CoolingBuffer.cpp

@@ -792,8 +792,8 @@ std::string CoolingBuffer::apply_layer_cooldown(
             if (int(layer_id) >= disable_fan_first_layers && int(layer_id) + 1 < full_fan_speed_layer) {
                 // Ramp up the fan speed from disable_fan_first_layers to full_fan_speed_layer.
                 float factor = float(int(layer_id + 1) - disable_fan_first_layers) / float(full_fan_speed_layer - disable_fan_first_layers);
-                fan_speed_new    = std::clamp(int(float(fan_speed_new) * factor + 0.5f), 0, 255);
-                bridge_fan_speed = std::clamp(int(float(bridge_fan_speed) * factor + 0.5f), 0, 255);
+                fan_speed_new    = std::clamp(int(float(fan_speed_new) * factor + 0.5f), 0, 100);
+                bridge_fan_speed = std::clamp(int(float(bridge_fan_speed) * factor + 0.5f), 0, 100);
                 custom_fan_speed_limits.second = fan_speed_new;
             }
 #undef EXTRUDER_CONFIG

src/libslic3r/GCode/ExtrusionProcessor.hpp

@@ -146,67 +146,68 @@ std::vector<ExtendedPoint> estimate_points_properties(const POINTS
     std::vector<float> angles_for_curvature(points.size());
     std::vector<float> distances_for_curvature(points.size());
 
-    for (int point_idx = 0; point_idx < int(points.size()); ++point_idx) {
+    for (size_t point_idx = 0; point_idx < points.size(); ++point_idx) {
         ExtendedPoint &a    = points[point_idx];
-        ExtendedPoint &prev = points[point_idx > 0 ? point_idx - 1 : point_idx];
+        size_t         prev = prev_idx_modulo(point_idx, points.size());
+        size_t         next = next_idx_modulo(point_idx, points.size());
 
-        int prev_point_idx = point_idx;
-        while (prev_point_idx > 0) {
-            prev_point_idx--;
-            if ((a.position - points[prev_point_idx].position).squaredNorm() > EPSILON) {
-                break;
-            }
+        int iter_limit = points.size();
+        while ((a.position - points[prev].position).squaredNorm() < 1 && iter_limit > 0) {
+            prev = prev_idx_modulo(prev, points.size());
+            iter_limit--;
         }
 
-        int next_point_index = point_idx;
-        while (next_point_index < int(points.size()) - 1) {
-            next_point_index++;
-            if ((a.position - points[next_point_index].position).squaredNorm() > EPSILON) {
-                break;
-            }
+        while ((a.position - points[next].position).squaredNorm() < 1 && iter_limit > 0) {
+            next = next_idx_modulo(next, points.size());
+            iter_limit--;
         }
 
-        distances_for_curvature[point_idx] = (prev.position - a.position).norm();
-        if (prev_point_idx != point_idx && next_point_index != point_idx) {
-            float alfa = angle(a.position - points[prev_point_idx].position, points[next_point_index].position - a.position);
-            angles_for_curvature[point_idx] = alfa;
-        } // else keep zero
+        distances_for_curvature[point_idx] = (points[prev].position - a.position).norm();
+        float alfa                         = angle(a.position - points[prev].position, points[next].position - a.position);
+        angles_for_curvature[point_idx]    = alfa;
     }
 
-    for (float window_size : {3.0f, 9.0f, 16.0f}) {
-        size_t tail_point      = 0;
-        float  tail_window_acc = 0;
-        float  tail_angle_acc  = 0;
+    if (std::accumulate(distances_for_curvature.begin(), distances_for_curvature.end(), 0) > EPSILON)
+        for (float window_size : {3.0f, 9.0f, 16.0f}) {
+            size_t tail_point      = 0;
+            float  tail_window_acc = 0;
+            float  tail_angle_acc  = 0;
 
-        size_t head_point      = 0;
-        float  head_window_acc = 0;
-        float  head_angle_acc  = 0;
+            size_t head_point      = 0;
+            float  head_window_acc = 0;
+            float  head_angle_acc  = 0;
 
-        for (int point_idx = 0; point_idx < int(points.size()); ++point_idx) {
-            if (point_idx > 0) {
-                tail_window_acc += distances_for_curvature[point_idx - 1];
-                tail_angle_acc += angles_for_curvature[point_idx - 1];
-                head_window_acc -= distances_for_curvature[point_idx - 1];
-                head_angle_acc -= angles_for_curvature[point_idx - 1];
-            }
-            while (tail_window_acc > window_size * 0.5 && int(tail_point) < point_idx) {
-                tail_window_acc -= distances_for_curvature[tail_point];
-                tail_angle_acc -= angles_for_curvature[tail_point];
-                tail_point++;
-            }
+            for (size_t point_idx = 0; point_idx < points.size(); ++point_idx) {
+                if (point_idx == 0) {
+                    while (tail_window_acc < window_size * 0.5) {
+                        tail_window_acc += distances_for_curvature[tail_point];
+                        tail_angle_acc += angles_for_curvature[tail_point];
+                        tail_point = prev_idx_modulo(tail_point, points.size());
+                    }
+                }
+                while (tail_window_acc - distances_for_curvature[next_idx_modulo(tail_point, points.size())] > window_size * 0.5) {
+                    tail_point = next_idx_modulo(tail_point, points.size());
+                    tail_window_acc -= distances_for_curvature[tail_point];
+                    tail_angle_acc -= angles_for_curvature[tail_point];
+                }
 
-            while (head_window_acc < window_size * 0.5 && int(head_point) < int(points.size()) - 1) {
-                head_window_acc += distances_for_curvature[head_point];
-                head_angle_acc += angles_for_curvature[head_point];
-                head_point++;
-            }
+                while (head_window_acc < window_size * 0.5) {
+                    head_point = next_idx_modulo(head_point, points.size());
+                    head_window_acc += distances_for_curvature[head_point];
+                    head_angle_acc += angles_for_curvature[head_point];
+                }
 
-            float curvature = (tail_angle_acc + head_angle_acc) / (tail_window_acc + head_window_acc);
-            if (std::abs(curvature) > std::abs(points[point_idx].curvature)) {
-                points[point_idx].curvature = curvature;
+                float curvature = (tail_angle_acc + head_angle_acc) / window_size;
+                if (std::abs(curvature) > std::abs(points[point_idx].curvature)) {
+                    points[point_idx].curvature = curvature;
+                }
+
+                tail_window_acc += distances_for_curvature[point_idx];
+                tail_angle_acc += angles_for_curvature[point_idx];
+                head_window_acc -= distances_for_curvature[point_idx];
+                head_angle_acc -= angles_for_curvature[point_idx];
             }
         }
-    }
 
     return points;
 }

src/libslic3r/GCode/GCodeProcessor.cpp

@@ -3610,7 +3610,8 @@ void GCodeProcessor::post_process()
                 while (rev_it != m_lines.rend() && rev_it->time > time_threshold_i && curr_cmd != cmd && curr_cmd != "G28" && curr_cmd != "G29") {
                     rev_it->line = line_replacer(rev_it->line);
                     ++rev_it;
-                    curr_cmd = GCodeReader::GCodeLine::extract_cmd(rev_it->line);
+                    if (rev_it != m_lines.rend())
+                        curr_cmd = GCodeReader::GCodeLine::extract_cmd(rev_it->line);
                 }
 
                 // we met the previous evenience of cmd, or a G28/G29 command. stop inserting lines

src/libslic3r/GCode/PostProcessor.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 // The standard Windows includes.
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
 #define NOMINMAX
+#endif
 #include <Windows.h>
 #include <shellapi.h>
 

src/libslic3r/GCode/ToolOrdering.cpp

@@ -169,6 +169,11 @@ ToolOrdering::ToolOrdering(const Print &print, unsigned int first_extruder, bool
     this->fill_wipe_tower_partitions(print.config(), object_bottom_z, max_layer_height);
 
     if (this->insert_wipe_tower_extruder()) {
+        // Now convert the 0-based list to 1-based again, because that is what reorder_extruder expects.
+        for (LayerTools& lt : m_layer_tools) {
+            for (auto& extruder : lt.extruders)
+                    ++extruder;
+        }
         this->reorder_extruders(first_extruder);
         this->fill_wipe_tower_partitions(print.config(), object_bottom_z, max_layer_height);
     }
@@ -478,12 +483,7 @@ bool ToolOrdering::insert_wipe_tower_extruder()
                 sort_remove_duplicates(lt.extruders);
                 changed = true;
             }
-        }
-        // Now convert the 0-based list to 1-based again.
-        for (LayerTools& lt : m_layer_tools) {
-            for (auto& extruder : lt.extruders)
-                    ++extruder;
-        }
+        }  
     }
     return changed;
 }

src/libslic3r/GCode/WipeTower.cpp

@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ WipeTower::ToolChangeResult WipeTower::construct_tcr(WipeTowerWriter& writer,
 
 
 
-WipeTower::WipeTower(const PrintConfig& config, const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& wiping_matrix, size_t initial_tool) :
+WipeTower::WipeTower(const PrintConfig& config, const PrintRegionConfig& default_region_config, const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& wiping_matrix, size_t initial_tool) :
     m_semm(config.single_extruder_multi_material.value),
     m_wipe_tower_pos(config.wipe_tower_x, config.wipe_tower_y),
     m_wipe_tower_width(float(config.wipe_tower_width)),
@@ -530,6 +530,8 @@ WipeTower::WipeTower(const PrintConfig& config, const std::vector<std::vector<fl
     m_no_sparse_layers(config.wipe_tower_no_sparse_layers),
     m_gcode_flavor(config.gcode_flavor),
     m_travel_speed(config.travel_speed),
+    m_infill_speed(default_region_config.infill_speed),
+    m_perimeter_speed(default_region_config.perimeter_speed),
     m_current_tool(initial_tool),
     wipe_volumes(wiping_matrix)
 {
@@ -541,6 +543,13 @@ WipeTower::WipeTower(const PrintConfig& config, const std::vector<std::vector<fl
     if (m_first_layer_speed == 0.f) // just to make sure autospeed doesn't break it.
         m_first_layer_speed = default_speed / 2.f;
 
+    // Autospeed may be used...
+    if (m_infill_speed == 0.f)
+        m_infill_speed = 80.f;
+    if (m_perimeter_speed == 0.f)
+        m_perimeter_speed = 80.f;
+
+
     // If this is a single extruder MM printer, we will use all the SE-specific config values.
     // Otherwise, the defaults will be used to turn off the SE stuff.
     if (m_semm) {
@@ -550,6 +559,7 @@ WipeTower::WipeTower(const PrintConfig& config, const std::vector<std::vector<fl
         m_extra_loading_move      = float(config.extra_loading_move);
         m_set_extruder_trimpot    = config.high_current_on_filament_swap;
     }
+
     // Calculate where the priming lines should be - very naive test not detecting parallelograms etc.
     const std::vector<Vec2d>& bed_points = config.bed_shape.values;
     BoundingBoxf bb(bed_points);
@@ -616,6 +626,24 @@ void WipeTower::set_extruder(size_t idx, const PrintConfig& config)
         m_filpar[idx].ramming_step_multiplicator /= 100;
         while (stream >> speed)
             m_filpar[idx].ramming_speed.push_back(speed);
+        // ramming_speed now contains speeds to be used for every 0.25s piece of the ramming line.
+        // This allows to have the ramming flow variable. The 0.25s value is how it is saved in config
+        // and the same time step has to be used when the ramming is performed.
+    } else {
+        // We will use the same variables internally, but the correspondence to the configuration options will be different.
+        float vol  = config.filament_multitool_ramming_volume.get_at(idx);
+        float flow = config.filament_multitool_ramming_flow.get_at(idx);
+        m_filpar[idx].multitool_ramming = config.filament_multitool_ramming.get_at(idx);
+        m_filpar[idx].ramming_line_width_multiplicator = 2.;
+        m_filpar[idx].ramming_step_multiplicator = 1.;
+
+        // Now the ramming speed vector. In this case it contains just one value (flow).
+        // The time is calculated and saved separately. This is here so that the MM ramming
+        // is not limited by the 0.25s granularity - it is not possible to create a SEMM-style
+        // ramming_speed vector that would respect both the volume and flow (because of 
+        // rounding issues with small volumes and high flow).
+        m_filpar[idx].ramming_speed.push_back(flow);
+        m_filpar[idx].multitool_ramming_time = vol/flow;
     }
 
     m_used_filament_length.resize(std::max(m_used_filament_length.size(), idx + 1)); // makes sure that the vector is big enough so we don't have to check later
@@ -830,12 +858,17 @@ void WipeTower::toolchange_Unload(
 	float remaining = xr - xl ;							// keeps track of distance to the next turnaround
 	float e_done = 0;									// measures E move done from each segment   
 
-    if (m_semm)
+    const bool do_ramming = m_semm || m_filpar[m_current_tool].multitool_ramming;
+
+    if (do_ramming) {
         writer.travel(ramming_start_pos); // move to starting position
+        writer.disable_linear_advance();
+    }
     else
         writer.set_position(ramming_start_pos);
+
     // if the ending point of the ram would end up in mid air, align it with the end of the wipe tower:
-    if (m_semm && (m_layer_info > m_plan.begin() && m_layer_info < m_plan.end() && (m_layer_info-1!=m_plan.begin() || !m_adhesion ))) {
+    if (do_ramming && (m_layer_info > m_plan.begin() && m_layer_info < m_plan.end() && (m_layer_info-1!=m_plan.begin() || !m_adhesion ))) {
 
         // this is y of the center of previous sparse infill border
         float sparse_beginning_y = 0.f;
@@ -863,16 +896,18 @@ void WipeTower::toolchange_Unload(
             sum_of_depths += tch.required_depth;
         }
     }
-
-    writer.disable_linear_advance();
+    
 
     // now the ramming itself:
-    while (m_semm && i < m_filpar[m_current_tool].ramming_speed.size())
+    while (do_ramming && i < m_filpar[m_current_tool].ramming_speed.size())
     {
-        const float x = volume_to_length(m_filpar[m_current_tool].ramming_speed[i] * 0.25f, line_width, m_layer_height);
-        const float e = m_filpar[m_current_tool].ramming_speed[i] * 0.25f / filament_area(); // transform volume per sec to E move;
-        const float dist = std::min(x - e_done, remaining);		  // distance to travel for either the next 0.25s, or to the next turnaround
-        const float actual_time = dist/x * 0.25f;
+        // The time step is different for SEMM ramming and the MM ramming. See comments in set_extruder() for details.
+        const float time_step = m_semm ? 0.25f : m_filpar[m_current_tool].multitool_ramming_time;
+
+        const float x = volume_to_length(m_filpar[m_current_tool].ramming_speed[i] * time_step, line_width, m_layer_height);
+        const float e = m_filpar[m_current_tool].ramming_speed[i] * time_step / filament_area(); // transform volume per sec to E move;
+        const float dist = std::min(x - e_done, remaining);		  // distance to travel for either the next time_step, or to the next turnaround
+        const float actual_time = dist/x * time_step;
         writer.ram(writer.x(), writer.x() + (m_left_to_right ? 1.f : -1.f) * dist, 0.f, 0.f, e * (dist / x), dist / (actual_time / 60.f));
         remaining -= dist;
 
@@ -944,7 +979,7 @@ void WipeTower::toolchange_Unload(
     // this is to align ramming and future wiping extrusions, so the future y-steps can be uniform from the start:
     // the perimeter_width will later be subtracted, it is there to not load while moving over just extruded material
     Vec2f pos = Vec2f(end_of_ramming.x(), end_of_ramming.y() + (y_step/m_extra_spacing-m_perimeter_width) / 2.f + m_perimeter_width);
-    if (m_semm)
+    if (do_ramming)
         writer.travel(pos, 2400.f);
     else
         writer.set_position(pos);
@@ -1031,10 +1066,11 @@ void WipeTower::toolchange_Wipe(
     //   the ordered volume, even if it means violating the box. This can later be removed and simply
     // wipe until the end of the assigned area.
 
-	float x_to_wipe = volume_to_length(wipe_volume, m_perimeter_width, m_layer_height);
-	float dy = m_extra_spacing*m_perimeter_width;
+	float x_to_wipe = volume_to_length(wipe_volume, m_perimeter_width, m_layer_height) * (is_first_layer() ? m_extra_spacing : 1.f);
+	float dy = (is_first_layer() ? 1.f : m_extra_spacing) * m_perimeter_width; // Don't use the extra spacing for the first layer.
+    // All the calculations in all other places take the spacing into account for all the layers.
 
-    const float target_speed = is_first_layer() ? m_first_layer_speed * 60.f : 4800.f;
+    const float target_speed = is_first_layer() ? m_first_layer_speed * 60.f : m_infill_speed * 60.f;
     float wipe_speed = 0.33f * target_speed;
 
     // if there is less than 2.5*m_perimeter_width to the edge, advance straightaway (there is likely a blob anyway)
@@ -1103,7 +1139,7 @@ WipeTower::ToolChangeResult WipeTower::finish_layer()
 
 	// Slow down on the 1st layer.
     bool first_layer = is_first_layer();
-    float feedrate = first_layer ? m_first_layer_speed * 60.f : 2900.f;
+    float feedrate = first_layer ? m_first_layer_speed * 60.f : m_infill_speed * 60.f;
 	float current_depth = m_layer_info->depth - m_layer_info->toolchanges_depth();
     box_coordinates fill_box(Vec2f(m_perimeter_width, m_layer_info->depth-(current_depth-m_perimeter_width)),
                              m_wipe_tower_width - 2 * m_perimeter_width, current_depth-m_perimeter_width);
@@ -1203,7 +1239,7 @@ WipeTower::ToolChangeResult WipeTower::finish_layer()
         // First generate vector of annotated point which form the boundary.
         std::vector<std::pair<Vec2f, Type>> pts = {{wt_box.ru, Corner}};        
         if (double alpha_start = std::asin((0.5*w)/r); ! std::isnan(alpha_start) && r > 0.5*w+0.01) {
-            for (double alpha = alpha_start; alpha < M_PI-alpha_start+0.001; alpha+=(M_PI-2*alpha_start) / 20.)
+            for (double alpha = alpha_start; alpha < M_PI-alpha_start+0.001; alpha+=(M_PI-2*alpha_start) / 40.)
                 pts.emplace_back(Vec2f(center.x() + r*std::cos(alpha)/support_scale, center.y() + r*std::sin(alpha)), alpha == alpha_start ? ArcStart : Arc);
             pts.back().second = ArcEnd;
         }        
@@ -1285,6 +1321,8 @@ WipeTower::ToolChangeResult WipeTower::finish_layer()
         return poly;
     };
 
+    feedrate = first_layer ? m_first_layer_speed * 60.f : m_perimeter_speed * 60.f;
+
     // outer contour (always)
     bool infill_cone = first_layer && m_wipe_tower_width > 2*spacing && m_wipe_tower_depth > 2*spacing;
     Polygon poly = supported_rectangle(wt_box, feedrate, infill_cone);

src/libslic3r/GCode/WipeTower.hpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ namespace Slic3r
 
 class WipeTowerWriter;
 class PrintConfig;
+class PrintRegionConfig;
 enum GCodeFlavor : unsigned char;
 
 
@@ -129,7 +130,10 @@ public:
 	// y			-- y coordinates of wipe tower in mm ( left bottom corner )
 	// width		-- width of wipe tower in mm ( default 60 mm - leave as it is )
 	// wipe_area	-- space available for one toolchange in mm
-    WipeTower(const PrintConfig& config, const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& wiping_matrix, size_t initial_tool);
+    WipeTower(const PrintConfig& config,
+	          const PrintRegionConfig& default_region_config,
+			  const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& wiping_matrix,
+			  size_t initial_tool);
 
 
 	// Set the extruder properties.
@@ -237,6 +241,8 @@ public:
         std::vector<float>  ramming_speed;
         float               nozzle_diameter;
         float               filament_area;
+		bool			    multitool_ramming;
+		float               multitool_ramming_time = 0.f;
     };
 
 private:
@@ -269,6 +275,8 @@ private:
 	size_t m_max_color_changes 	= 0; 	// Maximum number of color changes per layer.
     int    m_old_temperature    = -1;   // To keep track of what was the last temp that we set (so we don't issue the command when not neccessary)
     float  m_travel_speed       = 0.f;
+	float  m_infill_speed       = 0.f;
+	float  m_perimeter_speed    = 0.f;
     float  m_first_layer_speed  = 0.f;
     size_t m_first_layer_idx    = size_t(-1);
 

src/libslic3r/Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp

@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "../Polygon.hpp"
+#include "../ExPolygon.hpp"
 
 namespace Slic3r {
 
-class ExPolygon;
 using ExPolygons = std::vector<ExPolygon>;
 
 namespace Geometry {
@@ -16,7 +15,9 @@ Pointf3s convex_hull(Pointf3s points);
 Polygon convex_hull(Points points);
 Polygon convex_hull(const Polygons &polygons);
 Polygon convex_hull(const ExPolygons &expolygons);
-Polygon convex_hulll(const Polylines &polylines);
+Polygon convex_hull(const Polylines &polylines);
+inline Polygon convex_hull(const Polygon &poly) { return convex_hull(poly.points); }
+inline Polygon convex_hull(const ExPolygon &poly) { return convex_hull(poly.contour.points); }
 
 // Returns true if the intersection of the two convex polygons A and B
 // is not an empty set.

src/libslic3r/Geometry/MedialAxis.cpp

@@ -450,6 +450,19 @@ MedialAxis::MedialAxis(double min_width, double max_width, const ExPolygon &expo
 
 void MedialAxis::build(ThickPolylines* polylines)
 {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    // Verify the scaling of the coordinates of input line segments.
+    for (const Line& l : m_lines) {
+        auto test = [](int32_t v) {
+            static constexpr const int32_t hi = 65536 * 16383;
+            assert(v <= hi && -v < hi);
+        };
+        test(l.a.x());
+        test(l.a.y());
+        test(l.b.x());
+        test(l.b.y());
+    }
+#endif // NDEBUG
     construct_voronoi(m_lines.begin(), m_lines.end(), &m_vd);
     Slic3r::Voronoi::annotate_inside_outside(m_vd, m_lines);
 //    static constexpr double threshold_alpha = M_PI / 12.; // 30 degrees

src/libslic3r/Layer.cpp

@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ void Layer::make_slices()
     // Top / bottom surfaces must overlap more than 2um to be chained into a Z graph.
     // Also a larger offset will likely be more robust on non-manifold input polygons.
     static constexpr const float delta = scaled<float>(0.001);
-    co.MiterLimit = scaled<double>(3.);
+    // Don't scale the miter limit, it is a factor, not an absolute length!
+    co.MiterLimit = 3.;
 // Use the default zero edge merging distance. For this kind of safety offset the accuracy of normal direction is not important.
 //    co.ShortestEdgeLength = delta * ClipperOffsetShortestEdgeFactor;
 //    static constexpr const double accept_area_threshold_ccw = sqr(scaled<double>(0.1 * delta));

src/libslic3r/Line.hpp

@@ -38,6 +38,32 @@ template<class L> using Scalar = typename Traits<remove_cvref_t<L>>::Scalar;
 template<class L> auto get_a(L &&l) { return Traits<remove_cvref_t<L>>::get_a(l); }
 template<class L> auto get_b(L &&l) { return Traits<remove_cvref_t<L>>::get_b(l); }
 
+template<class L> auto sqlength(L &&l)
+{
+    return (get_b(l) - get_a(l)).squaredNorm();
+}
+
+template<class Scalar, class L>
+auto sqlength(L &&l)
+{
+    return (get_b(l).template cast<Scalar>() - get_a(l).template cast<Scalar>()).squaredNorm();
+}
+
+template<class L, class = std::enable_if_t<Dim<L> == 2> >
+auto angle_to_x(const L &l)
+{
+    auto dx = double(get_b(l).x()) - get_a(l).x();
+    auto dy = double(get_b(l).y()) - get_a(l).y();
+
+    double a = std::atan2(dy, dx);
+    auto s   = std::signbit(a);
+
+    if(s)
+        a += 2. * PI;
+
+    return a;
+}
+
 // Distance to the closest point of line.
 template<class L>
 inline double distance_to_squared(const L &line, const Vec<Dim<L>, Scalar<L>> &point, Vec<Dim<L>, Scalar<L>> *nearest_point)
@@ -162,7 +188,7 @@ public:
     void   translate(double x, double y) { this->translate(Point(x, y)); }
     void   rotate(double angle, const Point &center) { this->a.rotate(angle, center); this->b.rotate(angle, center); }
     void   reverse() { std::swap(this->a, this->b); }
-    double length() const { return (b - a).cast<double>().norm(); }
+    double length() const { return (b.cast<double>() - a.cast<double>()).norm(); }
     Point  midpoint() const { return (this->a + this->b) / 2; }
     bool   intersection_infinite(const Line &other, Point* point) const;
     bool   operator==(const Line &rhs) const { return this->a == rhs.a && this->b == rhs.b; }

src/libslic3r/Measure.cpp

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 
 #include "libslic3r/Geometry/Circle.hpp"
 #include "libslic3r/SurfaceMesh.hpp"
-#include <numeric>
+
 
 #include <numeric>
+#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>
 
 #define DEBUG_EXTRACT_ALL_FEATURES_AT_ONCE 0
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ public:
     int get_num_of_planes() const;
     const std::vector<int>& get_plane_triangle_indices(int idx) const;
     const std::vector<SurfaceFeature>& get_plane_features(unsigned int plane_id);
-    const TriangleMesh& get_mesh() const;
+    const indexed_triangle_set& get_its() const;
 
 private:
     void update_planes();
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ private:
     
     std::vector<PlaneData> m_planes;
     std::vector<size_t>    m_face_to_plane;
-    TriangleMesh m_mesh;
+    indexed_triangle_set   m_its;
 };
 
 
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ private:
 
 
 MeasuringImpl::MeasuringImpl(const indexed_triangle_set& its)
-: m_mesh(its)
+: m_its(its)
 {
     update_planes();
 
@@ -104,14 +105,12 @@ MeasuringImpl::MeasuringImpl(const indexed_triangle_set& its)
 
 void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
 {
-    m_planes.clear();
-
     // Now we'll go through all the facets and append Points of facets sharing the same normal.
     // This part is still performed in mesh coordinate system.
-    const size_t             num_of_facets = m_mesh.its.indices.size();
+    const size_t             num_of_facets = m_its.indices.size();
     m_face_to_plane.resize(num_of_facets, size_t(-1));
-    const std::vector<Vec3f> face_normals = its_face_normals(m_mesh.its);
-    const std::vector<Vec3i> face_neighbors = its_face_neighbors(m_mesh.its);
+    const std::vector<Vec3f> face_normals = its_face_normals(m_its);
+    const std::vector<Vec3i> face_neighbors = its_face_neighbors(m_its);
     std::vector<int>         facet_queue(num_of_facets, 0);
     int                      facet_queue_cnt = 0;
     const stl_normal*        normal_ptr      = nullptr;
@@ -121,6 +120,10 @@ void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
         return (std::abs(a(0) - b(0)) < 0.001 && std::abs(a(1) - b(1)) < 0.001 && std::abs(a(2) - b(2)) < 0.001);
     };
 
+    m_planes.clear();
+    m_planes.reserve(num_of_facets / 5); // empty plane data object is quite lightweight, let's save the initial reallocations
+
+
     // First go through all the triangles and fill in m_planes vector. For each "plane"
     // detected on the model, it will contain list of facets that are part of it.
     // We will also fill in m_face_to_plane, which contains index into m_planes
@@ -132,7 +135,7 @@ void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
                 facet_queue[facet_queue_cnt ++] = seed_facet_idx;
                 normal_ptr = &face_normals[seed_facet_idx];
                 m_face_to_plane[seed_facet_idx] = m_planes.size();
-                m_planes.emplace_back();                
+                m_planes.emplace_back();
                 break;
             }
         if (seed_facet_idx == num_of_facets)
@@ -160,16 +163,21 @@ void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
     assert(std::none_of(m_face_to_plane.begin(), m_face_to_plane.end(), [](size_t val) { return val == size_t(-1); }));
 
     // Now we will walk around each of the planes and save vertices which form the border.
-    SurfaceMesh sm(m_mesh.its);
-    for (int plane_id=0; plane_id < int(m_planes.size()); ++plane_id) {
-        const auto& facets = m_planes[plane_id].facets;
-        m_planes[plane_id].borders.clear();
+    const SurfaceMesh sm(m_its);
+
+    const auto& face_to_plane = m_face_to_plane;
+    auto& planes = m_planes;
+
+    tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, m_planes.size()),
+        [&planes, &face_to_plane, &face_neighbors, &sm](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+            for (size_t plane_id = range.begin(); plane_id != range.end(); ++plane_id) {
+
+        const auto& facets = planes[plane_id].facets;
+        planes[plane_id].borders.clear();
         std::vector<std::array<bool, 3>> visited(facets.size(), {false, false, false});
         
-        
-
         for (int face_id=0; face_id<int(facets.size()); ++face_id) {
-            assert(m_face_to_plane[facets[face_id]] == plane_id);
+            assert(face_to_plane[facets[face_id]] == plane_id);
 
             for (int edge_id=0; edge_id<3; ++edge_id) {
                 // Every facet's edge which has a neighbor from a different plane is
@@ -177,7 +185,7 @@ void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
                 int neighbor_idx = face_neighbors[facets[face_id]][edge_id];
                 if (neighbor_idx == -1)
                     goto PLANE_FAILURE;
-                if (visited[face_id][edge_id] || (int)m_face_to_plane[neighbor_idx] == plane_id) {
+                if (visited[face_id][edge_id] || (int)face_to_plane[neighbor_idx] == plane_id) {
                     visited[face_id][edge_id] = true;
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -188,8 +196,9 @@ void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
             
                 // he is the first halfedge on the border. Now walk around and append the points.
                 //const Halfedge_index he_orig = he;
-                m_planes[plane_id].borders.emplace_back();
-                std::vector<Vec3d>& last_border = m_planes[plane_id].borders.back();
+                planes[plane_id].borders.emplace_back();
+                std::vector<Vec3d>& last_border = planes[plane_id].borders.back();
+                last_border.reserve(4);
                 last_border.emplace_back(sm.point(sm.source(he)).cast<double>());
                 //Vertex_index target = sm.target(he);
                 const Halfedge_index he_start = he;
@@ -210,7 +219,7 @@ void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
                     // Remember all halfedges we saw to break out of such infinite loops.
                     boost::container::small_vector<Halfedge_index, 10> he_seen;
 
-                    while ( (int)m_face_to_plane[sm.face(he)] == plane_id && he != he_orig) {
+                    while ( (int)face_to_plane[sm.face(he)] == plane_id && he != he_orig) {
                         he_seen.emplace_back(he);
                         he = sm.next_around_target(he);
                         if (he.is_invalid() || std::find(he_seen.begin(), he_seen.end(), he) != he_seen.end())
@@ -241,7 +250,7 @@ void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
                 } while (he != he_start);
 
                 if (last_border.size() == 1)
-                    m_planes[plane_id].borders.pop_back();
+                    planes[plane_id].borders.pop_back();
                 else {
                     assert(last_border.front() == last_border.back());
                     last_border.pop_back();
@@ -251,8 +260,9 @@ void MeasuringImpl::update_planes()
         continue; // There was no failure.
 
         PLANE_FAILURE:
-            m_planes[plane_id].borders.clear();
-    }
+            planes[plane_id].borders.clear();
+    }});
+    m_planes.shrink_to_fit();
 }
 
 
@@ -581,9 +591,9 @@ const std::vector<SurfaceFeature>& MeasuringImpl::get_plane_features(unsigned in
     return m_planes[plane_id].surface_features;
 }
 
-const TriangleMesh& MeasuringImpl::get_mesh() const
+const indexed_triangle_set& MeasuringImpl::get_its() const
 {
-    return this->m_mesh;
+    return this->m_its;
 }
 
 
@@ -626,9 +636,9 @@ const std::vector<SurfaceFeature>& Measuring::get_plane_features(unsigned int pl
     return priv->get_plane_features(plane_id);
 }
 
-const TriangleMesh& Measuring::get_mesh() const
+const indexed_triangle_set& Measuring::get_its() const
 {
-    return priv->get_mesh();
+    return priv->get_its();
 }
 
 const AngleAndEdges AngleAndEdges::Dummy = { 0.0, Vec3d::Zero(), { Vec3d::Zero(), Vec3d::Zero() }, { Vec3d::Zero(), Vec3d::Zero() }, 0.0, true };

src/libslic3r/Measure.hpp

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public:
     const std::vector<SurfaceFeature>& get_plane_features(unsigned int plane_id) const;
 
     // Returns the mesh used for measuring
-    const TriangleMesh& get_mesh() const;
+    const indexed_triangle_set& get_its() const;
 
 private: 
     std::unique_ptr<MeasuringImpl> priv;

src/libslic3r/MeshBoolean.cpp

@@ -148,12 +148,12 @@ indexed_triangle_set cgal_to_indexed_triangle_set(const _Mesh &cgalmesh)
     const auto &vertices = cgalmesh.vertices();
     int vsize = int(vertices.size());
 
-    for (auto &vi : vertices) {
+    for (const auto &vi : vertices) {
         auto &v = cgalmesh.point(vi); // Don't ask...
         its.vertices.emplace_back(to_vec3f(v));
     }
 
-    for (auto &face : faces) {
+    for (const auto &face : faces) {
         auto vtc = cgalmesh.vertices_around_face(cgalmesh.halfedge(face));
 
         int i = 0;

src/libslic3r/MinAreaBoundingBox.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "MinAreaBoundingBox.hpp"
 
 #include <libslic3r/ExPolygon.hpp>
+#include <BoundingBox.hpp>
 
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(__clang__)
 #define BOOST_NO_CXX17_HDR_STRING_VIEW
@@ -103,4 +104,16 @@ void remove_collinear_points(ExPolygon &p)
 {
     p = libnest2d::removeCollinearPoints<ExPolygon>(p, Unit(0));
 }
+
+double fit_into_box_rotation(const Polygon &shape, const BoundingBox &bb)
+{
+    using namespace libnest2d;
+
+    _Box<Point> box{{bb.min.x(), bb.min.y()}, {bb.max.x(), bb.max.y()}};
+
+    return fitIntoBoxRotation<Polygon, TCompute<Polygon>, Rational>(shape,
+                                                                    box,
+                                                                    EPSILON);
+}
+
 } // namespace Slic3r

src/libslic3r/MinAreaBoundingBox.hpp

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ public:
     const Point& axis()  const { return m_axis; }
 };
 
-}
+double fit_into_box_rotation(const Polygon &shape, const BoundingBox &box);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
 
 #endif // MINAREABOUNDINGBOX_HPP

src/libslic3r/Model.cpp

@@ -1062,7 +1062,8 @@ Polygon ModelObject::convex_hull_2d(const Transform3d& trafo_instance) const
     tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, volumes.size()), [&](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
         for (size_t i = range.begin(); i < range.end(); ++i) {
             const ModelVolume* v = volumes[i];
-            chs.emplace_back(its_convex_hull_2d_above(v->mesh().its, (trafo_instance * v->get_matrix()).cast<float>(), 0.0f));
+            if (v->is_model_part())
+                chs.emplace_back(its_convex_hull_2d_above(v->mesh().its, (trafo_instance * v->get_matrix()).cast<float>(), 0.0f));
         }
     });
 
@@ -1280,64 +1281,6 @@ bool ModelObject::has_connectors() const
     return false;
 }
 
-indexed_triangle_set ModelObject::get_connector_mesh(CutConnectorAttributes connector_attributes)
-{
-    indexed_triangle_set connector_mesh;
-
-    int   sectorCount {1};
-    switch (CutConnectorShape(connector_attributes.shape)) {
-    case CutConnectorShape::Triangle:
-        sectorCount = 3;
-        break;
-    case CutConnectorShape::Square:
-        sectorCount = 4;
-        break;
-    case CutConnectorShape::Circle:
-        sectorCount = 360;
-        break;
-    case CutConnectorShape::Hexagon:
-        sectorCount = 6;
-        break;
-    default:
-        break;
-    }
-
-    if (connector_attributes.style == CutConnectorStyle::Prism)
-        connector_mesh = its_make_cylinder(1.0, 1.0, (2 * PI / sectorCount));
-    else if (connector_attributes.type == CutConnectorType::Plug)
-        connector_mesh = its_make_frustum(1.0, 1.0, (2 * PI / sectorCount));
-    else
-        connector_mesh = its_make_frustum_dowel(1.0, 1.0, sectorCount);
-
-    return connector_mesh;
-}
-
-void ModelObject::apply_cut_connectors(const std::string& new_name)
-{
-    if (cut_connectors.empty())
-        return;
-
-    using namespace Geometry;
-
-    size_t connector_id = cut_id.connectors_cnt();
-    for (const CutConnector& connector : cut_connectors) {
-        TriangleMesh mesh = TriangleMesh(get_connector_mesh(connector.attribs));
-        // Mesh will be centered when loading.
-        ModelVolume* new_volume = add_volume(std::move(mesh), ModelVolumeType::NEGATIVE_VOLUME);
-
-        // Transform the new modifier to be aligned inside the instance
-        new_volume->set_transformation(translation_transform(connector.pos) * connector.rotation_m *
-                                       scale_transform(Vec3f(connector.radius, connector.radius, connector.height).cast<double>()));
-
-        new_volume->cut_info = { connector.attribs.type, connector.radius_tolerance, connector.height_tolerance };
-        new_volume->name = new_name + "-" + std::to_string(++connector_id);
-    }
-    cut_id.increase_connectors_cnt(cut_connectors.size());
-
-    // delete all connectors
-    cut_connectors.clear();
-}
-
 void ModelObject::invalidate_cut()
 {
     this->cut_id.invalidate();
@@ -1390,293 +1333,6 @@ void ModelVolume::reset_extra_facets()
     this->mmu_segmentation_facets.reset();
 }
 
-void ModelVolume::apply_tolerance()
-{
-    assert(cut_info.is_connector);
-    if (!cut_info.is_processed)
-        return;
-
-    Vec3d sf = get_scaling_factor();
-
-    // make a "hole" wider
-    sf[X] += double(cut_info.radius_tolerance);
-    sf[Y] += double(cut_info.radius_tolerance);
-
-    // make a "hole" dipper
-    sf[Z] += double(cut_info.height_tolerance);
-
-    set_scaling_factor(sf);
-
-    // correct offset in respect to the new depth
-    Vec3d rot_norm = Geometry::rotation_transform(get_rotation()) * Vec3d::UnitZ();
-    if (rot_norm.norm() != 0.0)
-        rot_norm.normalize();
-
-    double z_offset = 0.5 * static_cast<double>(cut_info.height_tolerance);
-    if (cut_info.connector_type == CutConnectorType::Plug)
-        z_offset -= 0.05; // add small Z offset to better preview
-
-    set_offset(get_offset() + rot_norm * z_offset);
-}
-
-static void add_cut_volume(TriangleMesh& mesh, ModelObject* object, const ModelVolume* src_volume, const Transform3d& cut_matrix, const std::string& suffix = {}, ModelVolumeType type = ModelVolumeType::MODEL_PART)
-{
-    if (mesh.empty())
-        return;
-
-    mesh.transform(cut_matrix);
-    ModelVolume* vol = object->add_volume(mesh);
-    vol->set_type(type);
-
-    vol->name = src_volume->name + suffix;
-    // Don't copy the config's ID.
-    vol->config.assign_config(src_volume->config);
-    assert(vol->config.id().valid());
-    assert(vol->config.id() != src_volume->config.id());
-    vol->set_material(src_volume->material_id(), *src_volume->material());
-    vol->cut_info = src_volume->cut_info;
-}
-
-void ModelObject::process_connector_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix, 
-                                        ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower,
-                                        std::vector<ModelObject*>& dowels)
-{
-    assert(volume->cut_info.is_connector);
-    volume->cut_info.set_processed();
-
-    const auto volume_matrix = volume->get_matrix();
-
-    // ! Don't apply instance transformation for the conntectors.
-    // This transformation is already there
-    if (volume->cut_info.connector_type != CutConnectorType::Dowel) {
-        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper)) {
-            ModelVolume* vol = upper->add_volume(*volume);
-            vol->set_transformation(volume_matrix);
-            vol->apply_tolerance();
-        }
-        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower)) {
-            ModelVolume* vol = lower->add_volume(*volume);
-            vol->set_transformation(volume_matrix);
-            // for lower part change type of connector from NEGATIVE_VOLUME to MODEL_PART if this connector is a plug
-            vol->set_type(ModelVolumeType::MODEL_PART);
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::CreateDowels)) {
-            ModelObject* dowel{ nullptr };
-            // Clone the object to duplicate instances, materials etc.
-            clone_for_cut(&dowel);
-
-            // add one more solid part same as connector if this connector is a dowel
-            ModelVolume* vol = dowel->add_volume(*volume);
-            vol->set_type(ModelVolumeType::MODEL_PART);
-
-            // But discard rotation and Z-offset for this volume
-            vol->set_rotation(Vec3d::Zero());
-            vol->set_offset(Z, 0.0);
-
-            dowels.push_back(dowel);
-        }
-
-        // Cut the dowel
-        volume->apply_tolerance();
-
-        // Perform cut
-        TriangleMesh upper_mesh, lower_mesh;
-        process_volume_cut(volume, Transform3d::Identity(), cut_matrix, attributes, upper_mesh, lower_mesh);
-
-        // add small Z offset to better preview
-        upper_mesh.translate((-0.05 * Vec3d::UnitZ()).cast<float>());
-        lower_mesh.translate((0.05 * Vec3d::UnitZ()).cast<float>());
-
-        // Add cut parts to the related objects
-        add_cut_volume(upper_mesh, upper, volume, cut_matrix, "_A", volume->type());
-        add_cut_volume(lower_mesh, lower, volume, cut_matrix, "_B", volume->type());
-    }
-}
-
-void ModelObject::process_modifier_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& inverse_cut_matrix,
-                                       ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower)
-{
-    const auto volume_matrix = instance_matrix * volume->get_matrix();
-
-    // Modifiers are not cut, but we still need to add the instance transformation
-    // to the modifier volume transformation to preserve their shape properly.
-    volume->set_transformation(Geometry::Transformation(volume_matrix));
-
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts)) {
-        upper->add_volume(*volume);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Some logic for the negative volumes/connectors. Add only needed modifiers
-    auto bb = volume->mesh().transformed_bounding_box(inverse_cut_matrix * volume_matrix);
-    bool is_crossed_by_cut = bb.min[Z] <= 0 && bb.max[Z] >= 0;
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper) && (bb.min[Z] >= 0 || is_crossed_by_cut))
-        upper->add_volume(*volume);
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower) && (bb.max[Z] <= 0 || is_crossed_by_cut))
-        lower->add_volume(*volume);
-}
-
-void ModelObject::process_volume_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
-                                     ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, TriangleMesh& upper_mesh, TriangleMesh& lower_mesh)
-{
-    const auto volume_matrix = volume->get_matrix();
-
-    using namespace Geometry;
-
-    const Transformation cut_transformation = Transformation(cut_matrix);
-    const Transform3d invert_cut_matrix = cut_transformation.get_rotation_matrix().inverse() * translation_transform(-1 * cut_transformation.get_offset());
-
-    // Transform the mesh by the combined transformation matrix.
-    // Flip the triangles in case the composite transformation is left handed.
-    TriangleMesh mesh(volume->mesh());
-    mesh.transform(invert_cut_matrix * instance_matrix * volume_matrix, true);
-
-    indexed_triangle_set upper_its, lower_its;
-    cut_mesh(mesh.its, 0.0f, &upper_its, &lower_its);
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper))
-        upper_mesh = TriangleMesh(upper_its);
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower))
-        lower_mesh = TriangleMesh(lower_its);
-}
-void ModelObject::process_solid_part_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
-                                       ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower)
-{
-    // Perform cut
-    TriangleMesh upper_mesh, lower_mesh;
-    process_volume_cut(volume, instance_matrix, cut_matrix, attributes, upper_mesh, lower_mesh);
-
-    // Add required cut parts to the objects
-
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts)) {
-        add_cut_volume(upper_mesh, upper, volume, cut_matrix, "_A");
-        add_cut_volume(lower_mesh, upper, volume, cut_matrix, "_B");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper))
-        add_cut_volume(upper_mesh, upper, volume, cut_matrix);
-
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower) && !lower_mesh.empty())
-        add_cut_volume(lower_mesh, lower, volume, cut_matrix);
-}
-
-void ModelObject::reset_instance_transformation(ModelObject* object, size_t src_instance_idx, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
-                                                bool place_on_cut/* = false*/, bool flip/* = false*/)
-{
-    using namespace Geometry;
-
-    // Reset instance transformation except offset and Z-rotation
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < object->instances.size(); ++i) {
-        auto& obj_instance = object->instances[i];
-        const double rot_z = obj_instance->get_rotation().z();
-        
-        obj_instance->set_transformation(Transformation(obj_instance->get_transformation().get_matrix_no_scaling_factor()));
-
-        Vec3d rotation = Vec3d::Zero();
-        if (!flip && !place_on_cut) {
-            if ( i != src_instance_idx)
-            rotation[Z] = rot_z;
-        }
-        else {
-            Transform3d rotation_matrix = Transform3d::Identity();
-            if (flip)
-                rotation_matrix = rotation_transform(PI * Vec3d::UnitX());
-
-            if (place_on_cut)
-                rotation_matrix = rotation_matrix * Transformation(cut_matrix).get_rotation_matrix().inverse();
-
-            if (i != src_instance_idx)
-                rotation_matrix = rotation_transform(rot_z * Vec3d::UnitZ()) * rotation_matrix;
-
-            rotation = Transformation(rotation_matrix).get_rotation();
-        }
-
-        obj_instance->set_rotation(rotation);
-    }
-}
-
-ModelObjectPtrs ModelObject::cut(size_t instance, const Transform3d& cut_matrix, ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes)
-{
-    if (!attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper) && !attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower))
-        return {};
-
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "ModelObject::cut - start";
-
-    // Clone the object to duplicate instances, materials etc.
-    ModelObject* upper{ nullptr };
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper))
-        clone_for_cut(&upper);
-
-    ModelObject* lower{ nullptr };
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower) && !attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts))
-        clone_for_cut(&lower);
-
-    std::vector<ModelObject*> dowels;
-
-    using namespace Geometry;
-
-    // Because transformations are going to be applied to meshes directly,
-    // we reset transformation of all instances and volumes,
-    // except for translation and Z-rotation on instances, which are preserved
-    // in the transformation matrix and not applied to the mesh transform.
-
-    // const auto instance_matrix = instances[instance]->get_matrix(true);
-    const auto instance_matrix = instances[instance]->get_transformation().get_matrix_no_offset();
-    const Transformation cut_transformation = Transformation(cut_matrix);
-    const Transform3d inverse_cut_matrix    = cut_transformation.get_rotation_matrix().inverse() * translation_transform(-1. * cut_transformation.get_offset());
-
-    for (ModelVolume* volume : volumes) {
-        volume->reset_extra_facets();
-
-        if (!volume->is_model_part()) {
-            if (volume->cut_info.is_processed)
-                process_modifier_cut(volume, instance_matrix, inverse_cut_matrix, attributes, upper, lower);
-            else
-                process_connector_cut(volume, instance_matrix, cut_matrix, attributes, upper, lower, dowels);
-        }
-        else if (!volume->mesh().empty())
-            process_solid_part_cut(volume, instance_matrix, cut_matrix, attributes, upper, lower);
-    }
-
-    // Post-process cut parts
-
-    ModelObjectPtrs res;
-
-    if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepAsParts) && !upper->volumes.empty()) {
-        reset_instance_transformation(upper, instance, cut_matrix);
-        res.push_back(upper);
-    }
-    else {
-        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepUpper) && !upper->volumes.empty()) {
-            reset_instance_transformation(upper, instance, cut_matrix,
-                attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::PlaceOnCutUpper),
-                attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::FlipUpper));
-            res.push_back(upper);
-        }
-
-        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::KeepLower) && !lower->volumes.empty()) {
-            reset_instance_transformation(lower, instance, cut_matrix,
-                attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::PlaceOnCutLower),
-                attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::PlaceOnCutLower) || attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::FlipLower));
-            res.push_back(lower);
-        }
-
-        if (attributes.has(ModelObjectCutAttribute::CreateDowels) && !dowels.empty()) {
-            for (auto dowel : dowels) {
-                reset_instance_transformation(dowel, instance, Transform3d::Identity());
-                dowel->name += "-Dowel-" + dowel->volumes[0]->name;
-                res.push_back(dowel);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "ModelObject::cut - end";
-
-    return res;
-}
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Compare TriangleMeshes by Bounding boxes (mainly for sort)
@@ -2342,38 +1998,6 @@ void ModelInstance::transform_polygon(Polygon* polygon) const
     polygon->scale(get_scaling_factor(X), get_scaling_factor(Y)); // scale around polygon origin
 }
 
-arrangement::ArrangePolygon ModelInstance::get_arrange_polygon() const
-{
-//    static const double SIMPLIFY_TOLERANCE_MM = 0.1;
-
-    Polygon p = get_object()->convex_hull_2d(this->get_matrix());
-
-//    if (!p.points.empty()) {
-//        Polygons pp{p};
-//        pp = p.simplify(scaled<double>(SIMPLIFY_TOLERANCE_MM));
-//        if (!pp.empty()) p = pp.front();
-//    }
-   
-    arrangement::ArrangePolygon ret;
-    ret.poly.contour = std::move(p);
-    ret.translation  = Vec2crd::Zero();
-    ret.rotation     = 0.;
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-void ModelInstance::apply_arrange_result(const Vec2d &offs, double rotation)
-{
-    // write the transformation data into the model instance
-    auto trafo = get_transformation().get_matrix();
-    auto tr = Transform3d::Identity();
-    tr.translate(to_3d(unscaled(offs), 0.));
-    trafo = tr * Eigen::AngleAxisd(rotation, Vec3d::UnitZ()) * trafo;
-    m_transformation.set_matrix(trafo);
-
-    this->object->invalidate_bounding_box();
-}
-
 indexed_triangle_set FacetsAnnotation::get_facets(const ModelVolume& mv, EnforcerBlockerType type) const
 {
     TriangleSelector selector(mv.mesh());

src/libslic3r/Model.hpp

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "SLA/SupportPoint.hpp"
 #include "SLA/Hollowing.hpp"
 #include "TriangleMesh.hpp"
-#include "Arrange.hpp"
 #include "CustomGCode.hpp"
 #include "enum_bitmask.hpp"
 #include "TextConfiguration.hpp"
@@ -224,6 +223,7 @@ private:
 enum class CutConnectorType : int {
     Plug
     , Dowel
+    , Snap
     , Undef
 };
 
@@ -316,10 +316,6 @@ enum class ModelVolumeType : int {
     SUPPORT_ENFORCER,
 };
 
-enum class ModelObjectCutAttribute : int { KeepUpper, KeepLower, KeepAsParts, FlipUpper, FlipLower, PlaceOnCutUpper, PlaceOnCutLower, CreateDowels, InvalidateCutInfo };
-using ModelObjectCutAttributes = enum_bitmask<ModelObjectCutAttribute>;
-ENABLE_ENUM_BITMASK_OPERATORS(ModelObjectCutAttribute);
-
 // A printable object, possibly having multiple print volumes (each with its own set of parameters and materials),
 // and possibly having multiple modifier volumes, each modifier volume with its set of parameters and materials.
 // Each ModelObject may be instantiated mutliple times, each instance having different placement on the print bed,
@@ -461,29 +457,12 @@ public:
     size_t materials_count() const;
     size_t facets_count() const;
     size_t parts_count() const;
-    static indexed_triangle_set get_connector_mesh(CutConnectorAttributes connector_attributes);
-    void apply_cut_connectors(const std::string& name);
     // invalidate cut state for this object and its connectors/volumes
     void invalidate_cut();
     // delete volumes which are marked as connector for this object
     void delete_connectors();
     void clone_for_cut(ModelObject **obj);
 
-private:
-    void process_connector_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
-                               ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower,
-                               std::vector<ModelObject*>& dowels);
-    void process_modifier_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& inverse_cut_matrix,
-                              ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower);
-    void process_volume_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
-                            ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, TriangleMesh& upper_mesh, TriangleMesh& lower_mesh);
-    void process_solid_part_cut(ModelVolume* volume, const Transform3d& instance_matrix, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
-                                ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes, ModelObject* upper, ModelObject* lower);
-public:
-    static void reset_instance_transformation(ModelObject* object, size_t src_instance_idx, const Transform3d& cut_matrix,
-                                              bool place_on_cut = false, bool flip = false);
-
-    ModelObjectPtrs cut(size_t instance, const Transform3d&cut_matrix, ModelObjectCutAttributes attributes);
     void split(ModelObjectPtrs*new_objects);
     void merge();
     // Support for non-uniform scaling of instances. If an instance is rotated by angles, which are not multiples of ninety degrees,
@@ -777,6 +756,7 @@ public:
     // It contains information about connetors
     struct CutInfo
     {
+        bool                is_from_upper{ true };
         bool                is_connector{ false };
         bool                is_processed{ true };
         CutConnectorType    connector_type{ CutConnectorType::Plug };
@@ -794,6 +774,7 @@ public:
 
         void set_processed() { is_processed = true; }
         void invalidate()    { is_connector = false; }
+        void reset_from_upper() { is_from_upper = true; }
 
         template<class Archive> inline void serialize(Archive& ar) {
             ar(is_connector, is_processed, connector_type, radius_tolerance, height_tolerance);
@@ -801,6 +782,9 @@ public:
     };
     CutInfo             cut_info;
 
+    bool                is_from_upper() const    { return cut_info.is_from_upper; }
+    void                reset_from_upper()       { cut_info.reset_from_upper(); }
+
     bool                is_cut_connector() const { return cut_info.is_processed && cut_info.is_connector; }
     void                invalidate_cut_info()    { cut_info.invalidate(); }
 
@@ -846,7 +830,6 @@ public:
     bool                is_the_only_one_part() const; // behave like an object
     t_model_material_id material_id() const { return m_material_id; }
     void                reset_extra_facets();
-    void                apply_tolerance();
     void                set_material_id(t_model_material_id material_id);
     ModelMaterial*      material() const;
     void                set_material(t_model_material_id material_id, const ModelMaterial &material);
@@ -1171,11 +1154,7 @@ public:
 
     bool is_printable() const { return object->printable && printable && (print_volume_state == ModelInstancePVS_Inside); }
 
-    // Getting the input polygon for arrange
-    arrangement::ArrangePolygon get_arrange_polygon() const;
-    
-    // Apply the arrange result on the ModelInstance
-    void apply_arrange_result(const Vec2d& offs, double rotation);
+    void invalidate_object_bounding_box() { object->invalidate_bounding_box(); }
 
 protected:
     friend class Print;

src/libslic3r/ModelArrange.cpp

@@ -1,77 +1,14 @@
 #include "ModelArrange.hpp"
 
+#include <libslic3r/Arrange/SceneBuilder.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/Arrange/Items/ArrangeItem.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/Arrange/Tasks/MultiplySelectionTask.hpp>
+
 #include <libslic3r/Model.hpp>
 #include <libslic3r/Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp>
-#include "MTUtils.hpp"
 
 namespace Slic3r {
 
-arrangement::ArrangePolygons get_arrange_polys(const Model &model, ModelInstancePtrs &instances)
-{
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for (auto obj : model.objects) count += obj->instances.size();
-    
-    ArrangePolygons input;
-    input.reserve(count);
-    instances.clear(); instances.reserve(count);
-    for (ModelObject *mo : model.objects)
-        for (ModelInstance *minst : mo->instances) {
-            input.emplace_back(minst->get_arrange_polygon());
-            instances.emplace_back(minst);
-        }
-    
-    return input;
-}
-
-bool apply_arrange_polys(ArrangePolygons &input, ModelInstancePtrs &instances, VirtualBedFn vfn)
-{
-    bool ret = true;
-    
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) {
-        if (input[i].bed_idx != 0) { ret = false; if (vfn) vfn(input[i]); }
-        if (input[i].bed_idx >= 0)
-            instances[i]->apply_arrange_result(input[i].translation.cast<double>(),
-                                               input[i].rotation);
-    }
-    
-    return ret;
-}
-
-Slic3r::arrangement::ArrangePolygon get_arrange_poly(const Model &model)
-{
-    ArrangePolygon ap;
-    Points &apts = ap.poly.contour.points;
-    for (const ModelObject *mo : model.objects)
-        for (const ModelInstance *minst : mo->instances) {
-            ArrangePolygon obj_ap = minst->get_arrange_polygon();
-            ap.poly.contour.rotate(obj_ap.rotation);
-            ap.poly.contour.translate(obj_ap.translation.x(), obj_ap.translation.y());
-            const Points &pts = obj_ap.poly.contour.points;
-            std::copy(pts.begin(), pts.end(), std::back_inserter(apts));
-        }
-    
-    apts = std::move(Geometry::convex_hull(apts).points);
-    return ap;
-}
-
-void duplicate(Model &model, Slic3r::arrangement::ArrangePolygons &copies, VirtualBedFn vfn)
-{
-    for (ModelObject *o : model.objects) {
-        // make a copy of the pointers in order to avoid recursion when appending their copies
-        ModelInstancePtrs instances = o->instances;
-        o->instances.clear();
-        for (const ModelInstance *i : instances) {
-            for (arrangement::ArrangePolygon &ap : copies) {
-                if (ap.bed_idx != 0) vfn(ap);
-                ModelInstance *instance = o->add_instance(*i);
-                Vec2d pos = unscale(ap.translation);
-                instance->set_offset(instance->get_offset() + to_3d(pos, 0.));
-            }
-        }
-        o->invalidate_bounding_box();
-    }
-}
-
 void duplicate_objects(Model &model, size_t copies_num)
 {
     for (ModelObject *o : model.objects) {
@@ -83,4 +20,45 @@ void duplicate_objects(Model &model, size_t copies_num)
     }
 }
 
+bool arrange_objects(Model &model,
+                     const arr2::ArrangeBed &bed,
+                     const arr2::ArrangeSettingsView &settings)
+{
+    return arrange(arr2::SceneBuilder{}
+                       .set_bed(bed)
+                       .set_arrange_settings(settings)
+                       .set_model(model));
+}
+
+void duplicate_objects(Model &model,
+                       size_t copies_num,
+                       const arr2::ArrangeBed &bed,
+                       const arr2::ArrangeSettingsView &settings)
+{
+    duplicate_objects(model, copies_num);
+    arrange_objects(model, bed, settings);
+}
+
+void duplicate(Model &model,
+               size_t copies_num,
+               const arr2::ArrangeBed &bed,
+               const arr2::ArrangeSettingsView &settings)
+{
+    auto vbh = arr2::VirtualBedHandler::create(bed);
+    arr2::DuplicableModel dup_model{&model, std::move(vbh), bounding_box(bed)};
+
+    arr2::Scene scene{arr2::BasicSceneBuilder{}
+                          .set_arrangeable_model(&dup_model)
+                          .set_arrange_settings(&settings)
+                          .set_bed(bed)};
+
+    if (copies_num >= 1)
+        copies_num -= 1;
+
+    auto task = arr2::MultiplySelectionTask<arr2::ArrangeItem>::create(scene, copies_num);
+    auto result = task->process_native(arr2::DummyCtl{});
+    if (result->apply_on(scene.model()))
+        dup_model.apply_duplicates();
+}
+
 } // namespace Slic3r

src/libslic3r/ModelArrange.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef MODELARRANGE_HPP
 #define MODELARRANGE_HPP
 
-#include <libslic3r/Arrange.hpp>
+#include <libslic3r/Arrange/Scene.hpp>
 
 namespace Slic3r {
 
@@ -9,63 +9,23 @@ class Model;
 class ModelInstance;
 using ModelInstancePtrs = std::vector<ModelInstance*>;
 
-using arrangement::ArrangePolygon;
-using arrangement::ArrangePolygons;
-using arrangement::ArrangeParams;
-using arrangement::InfiniteBed;
-using arrangement::CircleBed;
-
-// Do something with ArrangePolygons in virtual beds
-using VirtualBedFn = std::function<void(arrangement::ArrangePolygon&)>;
-
-[[noreturn]] inline void throw_if_out_of_bed(arrangement::ArrangePolygon&) 
-{
-    throw Slic3r::RuntimeError("Objects could not fit on the bed");
-}
-
-ArrangePolygons get_arrange_polys(const Model &model, ModelInstancePtrs &instances);
-ArrangePolygon  get_arrange_poly(const Model &model);
-bool apply_arrange_polys(ArrangePolygons &polys, ModelInstancePtrs &instances, VirtualBedFn);
-
-void duplicate(Model &model, ArrangePolygons &copies, VirtualBedFn);
+//void duplicate(Model &model, ArrangePolygons &copies, VirtualBedFn);
 void duplicate_objects(Model &model, size_t copies_num);
 
-template<class TBed>
-bool arrange_objects(Model &              model,
-                     const TBed &         bed,
-                     const ArrangeParams &params,
-                     VirtualBedFn         vfn = throw_if_out_of_bed)
-{
-    ModelInstancePtrs instances;
-    auto&& input = get_arrange_polys(model, instances);
-    arrangement::arrange(input, bed, params);
-    
-    return apply_arrange_polys(input, instances, vfn);
-}
+bool arrange_objects(Model &model,
+                     const arr2::ArrangeBed &bed,
+                     const arr2::ArrangeSettingsView &settings);
 
-template<class TBed>
-void duplicate(Model &              model,
-               size_t               copies_num,
-               const TBed &         bed,
-               const ArrangeParams &params,
-               VirtualBedFn         vfn = throw_if_out_of_bed)
-{
-    ArrangePolygons copies(copies_num, get_arrange_poly(model));
-    arrangement::arrange(copies, bed, params);
-    duplicate(model, copies, vfn);
-}
-
-template<class TBed>
 void duplicate_objects(Model &              model,
                        size_t               copies_num,
-                       const TBed &         bed,
-                       const ArrangeParams &params,
-                       VirtualBedFn         vfn = throw_if_out_of_bed)
-{
-    duplicate_objects(model, copies_num);
-    arrange_objects(model, bed, params, vfn);
-}
+                       const arr2::ArrangeBed &bed,
+                       const arr2::ArrangeSettingsView &settings);
 
-}
+void duplicate(Model &              model,
+               size_t               copies_num,
+               const arr2::ArrangeBed &bed,
+               const arr2::ArrangeSettingsView &settings);
+
+} // namespace Slic3r
 
 #endif // MODELARRANGE_HPP

src/libslic3r/MultiMaterialSegmentation.cpp

@@ -1271,18 +1271,23 @@ static void remove_multiple_edges_in_vertices(MMU_Graph &graph, const std::vecto
 static void cut_segmented_layers(const std::vector<ExPolygons>        &input_expolygons,
                                  std::vector<std::vector<ExPolygons>> &segmented_regions,
                                  const float                           cut_width,
+                                 const float                           interlocking_depth,
                                  const std::function<void()>          &throw_on_cancel_callback)
 {
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "MMU segmentation - cutting segmented layers in parallel - begin";
-    tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, segmented_regions.size()),[&segmented_regions, &input_expolygons, &cut_width, &throw_on_cancel_callback](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
+    const float interlocking_cut_width = interlocking_depth > 0.f ? std::max(cut_width - interlocking_depth, 0.f) : 0.f;
+    tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, segmented_regions.size()),[&segmented_regions, &input_expolygons, &cut_width, &interlocking_cut_width, &throw_on_cancel_callback](const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) {
         for (size_t layer_idx = range.begin(); layer_idx < range.end(); ++layer_idx) {
             throw_on_cancel_callback();
-            const size_t            num_extruders_plus_one = segmented_regions[layer_idx].size();
-            std::vector<ExPolygons> segmented_regions_cuts(num_extruders_plus_one); // Indexed by extruder_id
-            for (size_t extruder_idx = 0; extruder_idx < num_extruders_plus_one; ++extruder_idx)
-                if (const ExPolygons &ex_polygons = segmented_regions[layer_idx][extruder_idx]; !ex_polygons.empty())
-                    segmented_regions_cuts[extruder_idx] = diff_ex(ex_polygons, offset_ex(input_expolygons[layer_idx], cut_width));
-            segmented_regions[layer_idx] = std::move(segmented_regions_cuts);
+            const float  region_cut_width       = (layer_idx % 2 == 0 && interlocking_cut_width > 0.f) ? interlocking_cut_width : cut_width;
+            const size_t num_extruders_plus_one = segmented_regions[layer_idx].size();
+            if (region_cut_width > 0.f) {
+                std::vector<ExPolygons> segmented_regions_cuts(num_extruders_plus_one); // Indexed by extruder_id
+                for (size_t extruder_idx = 0; extruder_idx < num_extruders_plus_one; ++extruder_idx)
+                    if (const ExPolygons &ex_polygons = segmented_regions[layer_idx][extruder_idx]; !ex_polygons.empty())
+                        segmented_regions_cuts[extruder_idx] = diff_ex(ex_polygons, offset_ex(input_expolygons[layer_idx], -region_cut_width));
+                segmented_regions[layer_idx] = std::move(segmented_regions_cuts);
+            }
         }
     }); // end of parallel_for
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "MMU segmentation - cutting segmented layers in parallel - end";
@@ -1470,7 +1475,8 @@ static inline std::vector<std::vector<ExPolygons>> mmu_segmentation_top_and_bott
                 if (std::vector<Polygons> &top = top_raw[color_idx]; ! top.empty() && ! top[layer_idx].empty())
                     if (ExPolygons top_ex = union_ex(top[layer_idx]); ! top_ex.empty()) {
                         // Clean up thin projections. They are not printable anyways.
-                        top_ex = opening_ex(top_ex, stat.small_region_threshold);
+                        if (stat.small_region_threshold > 0)
+                            top_ex = opening_ex(top_ex, stat.small_region_threshold);
                         if (! top_ex.empty()) {
                             append(triangles_by_color_top[color_idx][layer_idx + layer_idx_offset], top_ex);
                             float offset = 0.f;
@@ -1478,7 +1484,9 @@ static inline std::vector<std::vector<ExPolygons>> mmu_segmentation_top_and_bott
                             for (int last_idx = int(layer_idx) - 1; last_idx >= std::max(int(layer_idx - stat.top_solid_layers), int(0)); --last_idx) {
                                 offset -= stat.extrusion_width;
                                 layer_slices_trimmed = intersection_ex(layer_slices_trimmed, input_expolygons[last_idx]);
-                                ExPolygons last = opening_ex(intersection_ex(top_ex, offset_ex(layer_slices_trimmed, offset)), stat.small_region_threshold);
+                                ExPolygons last = intersection_ex(top_ex, offset_ex(layer_slices_trimmed, offset));
+                                if (stat.small_region_threshold > 0)
+                                    last = opening_ex(last, stat.small_region_threshold);
                                 if (last.empty())
                                     break;
                                 append(triangles_by_color_top[color_idx][last_idx + layer_idx_offset], std::move(last));
@@ -1488,7 +1496,8 @@ static inline std::vector<std::vector<ExPolygons>> mmu_segmentation_top_and_bott
                 if (std::vector<Polygons> &bottom = bottom_raw[color_idx]; ! bottom.empty() && ! bottom[layer_idx].empty())
                     if (ExPolygons bottom_ex = union_ex(bottom[layer_idx]); ! bottom_ex.empty()) {
                         // Clean up thin projections. They are not printable anyways.
-                        bottom_ex = opening_ex(bottom_ex, stat.small_region_threshold);
+                        if (stat.small_region_threshold > 0)
+                            bottom_ex = opening_ex(bottom_ex, stat.small_region_threshold);
                         if (! bottom_ex.empty()) {
                             append(triangles_by_color_bottom[color_idx][layer_idx + layer_idx_offset], bottom_ex);
                             float offset = 0.f;
@@ -1496,7 +1505,9 @@ static inline std::vector<std::vector<ExPolygons>> mmu_segmentation_top_and_bott
                             for (size_t last_idx = layer_idx + 1; last_idx < std::min(layer_idx + stat.bottom_solid_layers, num_layers); ++last_idx) {
                                 offset -= stat.extrusion_width;
                                 layer_slices_trimmed = intersection_ex(layer_slices_trimmed, input_expolygons[last_idx]);
-                                ExPolygons last = opening_ex(intersection_ex(bottom_ex, offset_ex(layer_slices_trimmed, offset)), stat.small_region_threshold);
+                                ExPolygons last = intersection_ex(bottom_ex, offset_ex(layer_slices_trimmed, offset));
+                                if (stat.small_region_threshold > 0)
+                                    last = opening_ex(last, stat.small_region_threshold);
                                 if (last.empty())
                                     break;
                                 append(triangles_by_color_bottom[color_idx][last_idx + layer_idx_offset], std::move(last));
@@ -1891,8 +1902,8 @@ std::vector<std::vector<ExPolygons>> multi_material_segmentation_by_painting(con
     BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "MMU segmentation - layers segmentation in parallel - end";
     throw_on_cancel_callback();
 
-    if (auto w = print_object.config().mmu_segmented_region_max_width; w > 0.f) {
-        cut_segmented_layers(input_expolygons, segmented_regions, float(-scale_(w)), throw_on_cancel_callback);
+    if (auto max_width = print_object.config().mmu_segmented_region_max_width, interlocking_depth = print_object.config().mmu_segmented_region_interlocking_depth; max_width > 0.f) {
+        cut_segmented_layers(input_expolygons, segmented_regions, float(scale_(max_width)), float(scale_(interlocking_depth)), throw_on_cancel_callback);
         throw_on_cancel_callback();
     }